相位阻尼对量子传输保真度的影响

研究了在相位阻尼作用下一个二能级原子与两个不同光场相互作用的系统中的量子态的保真度.讨论了相位阻尼和失谐对量子传输的最大保真度的影响,并且获得了通过该信道进行量子传输的最大保真度.此外,还分析了通过该信道进行量子传输的平均保真度.     

激发相干态与级联三能级原子的量子信息保真度

讨论了激发相干态光场与级联三能级原子相互作用时原子、光场和整个系统的量子信息保真度的时间演化过程。研究了光场参数和失谐量对保真度的影响。结果表明,光场参数和失谐量对保真度的振荡频率和振荡周期有明显影响,而对保真度的平均值影响甚微。     

级联三能级原子与光场相互作用模型中的保真度

运用了全量子理论,对级联三能级原子和单模光场作用模型中的保真度演化特性进行了研究,讨论了影响保真度的因素。结果显示,系统的保真度主要取决于原子和光场之间的关联程度,当原子处于高能态时,原子和光场关联增强,光场和原子的保真度降低;原子处在低能态时,光场和原子的关联性减弱,光场和原子的保真度增加。     

数态光场与2原子相互作用系统保真度的调控

利用数值计算的方法研究了数态光场与初始处于激发态的2个两能级原子相互作用系统的保真度,讨论了光场的失谐量、光场的光子数和对原子操作后对系统保真度的影响.结果表明,不对原子进行操作,初始时刻信息完全不失真,并且可以通过控制场和原子的失谐量和光场的光子数来操控系统保真度的振荡频率、峰值和周期性;对原子进行操作,初始时刻信息就出现失真现象,而且可以通过操作经典场来实现对系统保真度的调控.     

二项式光场和原子相互作用模型中的保真度

运用全量子理论对二项式光场和二能级原子相互作用模型中保真度的演化特性进行了研究，发现二项式光场的初始光子数和失谐量对保真度有明显的影响．结果表明，初始时刻二项式光场的平均光子数越大，保真度就越小；失谐量越大，保真度就越大．     

热光场与运动二能级原子相互作用系统的保真度

借助于数值计算方法,研究了热光场与运动二能级原子相互作用系统的保真度,讨论了原子的初始状态、运动速度及光场的初始平均光子数对系统保真度的影响.结果表明原子初始状态、运动速度及光场的初始平均光子数都对保真度有不同程度的影响.     

双光子跃迁中动态Stark位移对量子信息保真度的影响

研究了相干态光场与原子的双光子相互作用中原子、光场和整个系统的量子信息保真度的时间演化,考察了光场引起能级的动态stark位移对双光子过程中的量子信息保真度的影响．特别讨论了拉比振荡频率与光子数成线性关系的情况．结果表明,在拉比振荡频率线性化的情况下,量子信息保真度的演化表现出很好的周期性,周期与动态stark位移参数有关．增强光强使保真度下降,失谐量的增加使保真度上升．     

耗散腔场中双纠缠原子的量子信息保真度

利用数值计算的方法,研究了耗散腔中双纠缠原子的量子信息保真度.讨论了光场的初始平均光子数一定的情况下腔的耗散系数对量子态保真度的影响,以及在腔的耗散一定的情况下光场的初始平均光子数对量子态保真度的影响.结果表明:腔的耗散和光场的初始平均光子数对原子和原子—光场系统的保真度的影响都很明显.     

与纠缠原子作用的二项式光场的量子信息保真度

应用全量子理论研究了初始处于纠缠态双原子与二项式光场共振相互作用的光场量子信息保真度.采用数值计算方法,讨论了原子纠缠度、二项式光场参量和相互作用时间对保真度的影响.结果表明:选取恰当的初始原子纠缠参量和初始二项式光场参量,以及控制好相互作用时间,可以获得光场的高保真输出.     

基于腔QED系统的量子相位门设计

提出一个基于腔QED系统实现量子相位门的设计方案.结果表明:在两个全同的二能级原子与光场相互作用过程中,借助经典场对原子实施Rabi翻转,控制原子射入腔场的速度v,选择原子与场相互作用参数l0,n和κ,可实现量子相位门.     

一种成功概率几乎完美的基于相干纠缠态的隐形传态方案

提出以四模纠缠相干态作为量子信道,待传的量子信息为三模相干叠加态,系统组成的系综态经过一个由分束器和移相器组成的线性光学系统,然后通过奇偶态测量,并把测量结果通过经典信道告诉对方,对方选择合适的幺正变换就可以恢复待传的量子信息,通过计算,该方案所得到的成功传态概率几乎完美,同时保真度也趋近于1.     

Linear and nonlinear optical spectroscopy of a strongly coupled microdisk-quantum dot system

Cavity quantum electrodynamics, the study of coherent quantum interactions between the electromagnetic field and matter inside a resonator, has received attention as both a test bed for ideas in quantum mechanics and a building block for applications in the field of quantum information processing. The canonical experimental system studied in the optical domain is a single alkali atom coupled to a high-finesse Fabry-Perot cavity. Progress made in this system has recently been complemented by research involving trapped ions, chip-based microtoroid cavities, integrated microcavity-atom-chips, nanocrystalline quantum dots coupled to microsphere cavities, and semiconductor quantum dots embedded in micropillars, photonic crystals and microdisks. The last system has been of particular interest owing to its relative simplicity and scalability. Here we use a fibre taper waveguide to perform direct optical spectroscopy of a system consisting of a quantum dot embedded in a microdisk. In contrast to earlier work with semiconductor systems, which has focused on photoluminescence measurements, we excite the system through the photonic (light) channel rather than the excitonic (matter) channel. Strong coupling, the regime of coherent quantum interactions, is demonstrated through observation of vacuum Rabi splitting in the transmitted and reflected signals from the cavity. The fibre coupling method also allows us to examine the system's steady-state nonlinear properties, where we see a saturation of the cavity-quantum dot response for less than one intracavity photon. The excitation of the cavity-quantum dot system through a fibre optic waveguide is central to applications such as high-efficiency single photon sources, and to more fundamental studies of the quantum character of the system.     

Quantum information and many body physics with cold atoms

We review our recent theoretical advances in quantum information and many body physics with cold atoms in various external potential, such as harmonic potential, kagome optical lattice, triangular optical lattice, and honeycomb lattice. The many body physics of cold atom in harmonic potential is investigated in the frame of mean-field Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Then the quantum phase transition and strongly correlated effect of cold atoms in triangular optical lattice, and the interacting Dirac fermions on honeycomb lattice, are investigated by using cluster dynamical mean-field theory and continuous time quantum Monte Carlo method. We also study the quantum spin Hall effect in the kagome optical lattice.     

Trapping an atom with single photons

The creation of a photon-atom bound state was first envisaged for the case of an atom in a long-lived excited state inside a high-quality microwave cavity. In practice, however, light forces in the microwave domain are insufficient to support an atom against gravity. Although optical photons can provide forces of the required magnitude, atomic decay rates and cavity losses are larger too, and so the atom-cavity system must be continually excited by an external laser. Such an approach also permits continuous observation of the atom's position, by monitoring the light transmitted through the cavity. The dual role of photons in this system distinguishes it from other single-atom experiments such as those using magneto-optical traps, ion traps or a far-off-resonance optical trap. Here we report high-finesse optical cavity experiments in which the change in transmission induced by a single slow atom approaching the cavity triggers an external feedback switch which traps the atom in a light field containing about one photon on average. The oscillatory motion of the trapped atom induces oscillations in the transmitted light intensity; we attribute periodic structure in intensity-correlation-function data to 'long-distance' flights of the atom between different anti-nodes of the standing-wave in the cavity. The system should facilitate investigations of the dynamics of single quantum objects and may find future applications in quantum information processing.     

A single-atom quantum memory

The faithful storage of a quantum bit (qubit) of light is essential for long-distance quantum communication, quantum networking and distributed quantum computing. The required optical quantum memory must be able to receive and recreate the photonic qubit; additionally, it must store an unknown quantum state of light better than any classical device. So far, these two requirements have been met only by ensembles of material particles that store the information in collective excitations. Recent developments, however, have paved the way for an approach in which the information exchange occurs between single quanta of light and matter. This single-particle approach allows the material qubit to be addressed, which has fundamental advantages for realistic implementations. First, it enables a heralding mechanism that signals the successful storage of a photon by means of state detection; this can be used to combat inevitable losses and finite efficiencies. Second, it allows for individual qubit manipulations, opening up avenues for in situ processing of the stored quantum information. Here we demonstrate the most fundamental implementation of such a quantum memory, by mapping arbitrary polarization states of light into and out of a single atom trapped inside an optical cavity. The memory performance is tested with weak coherent pulses and analysed using full quantum process tomography. The average fidelity is measured to be 93%, and low decoherence rates result in qubit coherence times exceeding 180 microseconds. This makes our system a versatile quantum node with excellent prospects for applications in optical quantum gates and quantum repeaters.     

Coherent control of optical information with matter wave dynamics

In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in manipulating matter with light, and light with matter. Resonant laser fields interacting with cold, dense atom clouds provide a particularly rich system. Such light fields interact strongly with the internal electrons of the atoms, and couple directly to external atomic motion through recoil momenta imparted when photons are absorbed and emitted. Ultraslow light propagation in Bose-Einstein condensates represents an extreme example of resonant light manipulation using cold atoms. Here we demonstrate that a slow light pulse can be stopped and stored in one Bose-Einstein condensate and subsequently revived from a totally different condensate, 160 mum away; information is transferred through conversion of the optical pulse into a travelling matter wave. In the presence of an optical coupling field, a probe laser pulse is first injected into one of the condensates where it is spatially compressed to a length much shorter than the coherent extent of the condensate. The coupling field is then turned off, leaving the atoms in the first condensate in quantum superposition states that comprise a stationary component and a recoiling component in a different internal state. The amplitude and phase of the spatially localized light pulse are imprinted on the recoiling part of the wavefunction, which moves towards the second condensate. When this 'messenger' atom pulse is embedded in the second condensate, the system is re-illuminated with the coupling laser. The probe light is driven back on and the messenger pulse is coherently added to the matter field of the second condensate by way of slow-light-mediated atomic matter-wave amplification. The revived light pulse records the relative amplitude and phase between the recoiling atomic imprint and the revival condensate. Our results provide a dramatic demonstration of coherent optical information processing with matter wave dynamics. Such quantum control may find application in quantum information processing and wavefunction sculpting.