Histological changes in the skeletal system of the developing quail embryo treated with sodium salicylate

Zusammenfassung Injektionen von Natriumsalicylat direkt in Quail-Eier oder direkt in Eileiter von Quail-Hühnern ergab kurzgliedrige, embryonale Missbildungen. Die histologische Untersuchung zeigte Hemmung des Knorpelbaues sowie frühzeitige und unregelmässige Knochenbildung.     

Voltage-clamp analysis of the sodium and potassium currents in skeletal muscle fibres treated with 4-aminopyridine

Summary External application of low concentrations of 4-aminopyridine blocks potassium currents without affecting sodium currents in pieces of single frog skeletal muscle fibres. The blockade of potassium currents was voltage-dependent, being partially relieved on depolarization.This study was supported by a grant from the Oficina técnica de Desarrollo Cientifico of the University of Chile (Project 4437-R, 1977).     

The role of pyrophosphate and alkaline phosphatase in skin calcification (calciphylaxis)

Zusammenfassung Durch KMnO₄-Injektionen hervorgerufene lokale Hautverkalkung kann durch Pyrophosphatinjektionen verhindert werden. Durch alkalische Phosphatase wird die Pyrophosphatwirkung aufgehoben.     

The effect of pyrophosphate and diphosphonates on calcium transport in red cells.

The effect of 0.5 mM pyrophosphate (PPi), disodium ethane-4-hydroxy-1,1-diphosphonate (EHDP) and disodium dichloromethane diphosphonate (Cl2MDP) on the ATP-dependent Ca2+ extrusion from the human red cell ghosts was studied. PPi and Cl2MDP had no effect, when introduced into the cells or added outside to the medium. EHDP slightly increased the calcium concentration in the released cells and slightly decreased the rate constant of the calcium transport, having opposite effects when it was inside or outside the cells. PPi and the 2 diphosphonates were not found to move easily across the red cell membrane.     

Renal tubular transport of sodium during sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate loadings in the normal dog

Résumé La réabsorption tubulaire des ions sodium, chlore et bicarbonate a été étudiée au cours de perfusions de NaCl et de NaHCO₃ chez le chien normal. 61 expériences, comportant un ensemble de 295 récoltes urinaires, ont été pratiquées sur 21 animaux.A filtration constante, la réabsorption du sodium exprimée enmM/l de filtrat glomérulaire demeure constante lorsque la natrémie est accrue par l'infusion de NaHCO₃. Elle est, au contraire, une fonction linéaire de la natrémie lorsque celle-ci est élevée par des perfusions de NaCl.Dans le premier cas, la réabsorption du sodium s'effectue par un double mécanisme: l'un, lié à la réabsorption du bicarbonate, est fixé par un Tm constant, l'autre, lié à la réabsorption du chlore, dépend de la chlorémie. Lorsque la natrémie est accrue par l'infusion de NaCl, le second mécanisme l'emporte nettement sur le premier. Il apparaît alors une relation évidente entre la natrémie (ou la chlorémie) et la quantité de sodium (ou de chlore) réabsorbée par les tubes rénaux.     

Pleiotropic effects of sphingolipids in skeletal muscle

Studies of the last two decades have demonstrated that sphingolipids are important signalling molecules exerting key roles in the control of fundamental biological processes including proliferation, differentiation, motility and survival. Here we review the role of bioactive sphingolipids such as ceramide, sphingosine, sphingosine 1-phosphate, ganglioside GM3, in the regulation of skeletal muscle biology. The emerging picture is in favour of a complex role of these molecules, which appear implicated in the activation of muscle resident stem cells, their proliferation and differentiation, finalized at skeletal muscle regeneration. Moreover, they are involved in the regulation of contractile properties, tissue responsiveness to insulin and muscle fiber trophism. Hopefully, this article will provide a framework for future investigation into the field, aimed at establishing whether altered sphingolipid metabolism is implicated in the onset of skeletal muscle diseases and identifying new pharmacological targets for the therapy of multiple illnesses, including muscular dystrophies and diabetes. Received 30 April 2008; received after revision 19 June 2008; accepted 14 July 2008     

Development of acetylcholine sensitivity in cultured skeletal muscle

Résumé Nous avons étudié in vitro la réaction des fibres musculaires, à l'action de l'acétylcholine, de la tubocurarine et du décaméthonium. L'acétylcholine a provoqué une contraction un peu après la fusion des myoblastes, avant que les fibres ne deviennent striées. La sensibilité des fibres à l'acétylcholine a augmenté avec le développement morphologique. Elle s'est manifestée le long des fibres et les drogues de blocage neuromusculaire ont agi comme prévu.     

Control of respiration in skeletal muscle at rest

The suggestion is made that, under resting conditions in situ, muscle cell respiration is dependent on the way O2 and substrates are distributed to the cells by the microcirculation. (Delivery is measured as arterial-blood concentration multiplied by flow to the organ.) Microscale heterogeneity of this distribution, which is more marked but less stable than the more easily demonstrated larger-scale heterogeneity (0.1 to 0.5-g sampling grain), might indeed ration O2 and substrates in a large population of the cells of a resting organ at any given moment, and microscale heterogeneity of distribution may thus take part in the normal control of cell respiration.     

Mutagenic activity of sodium bisulphite in barley

Summary Sodium bisulphite (7 and 10 mM) treatments administered at 30°C for 6 h have been found to be strongly mutagenic in barley.     

Presence of NAD pyrophosphorylase in skeletal muscle in dystrophic mice

Summary NAD pyrophosphorylase (ATP:NMN adenylyltransferase) activity has been measured in the skeletal muscle of dystrophic mice. The amount of this enzyme in the dystrophic mice, as determined by three different methods, was about one half of that in the controls. In addition, the concentration of ATP was too low to be detected in crude extracts of dystrophic mouse skeletal muscle, which were prepared using Tris buffer alone or Tris buffer containing either 3 M KCl, or 1 mM PMSF.     

On the mechanism of compensatory hypertrophy in skeletal muscles

Riassunto L'ipertrofia compensatoria dei muscoli soleo e plantare di ratto in seguito a tenotomia del sinergista gastrocnemio non appare mediata dall'innervazione, ma è verosimilmente legata a un effetto diretto della accresciuta tensione meccanica sui muscoli interessati.