Progress and prospects of studies on Polymyxa graminis and its transmitted cereal viruses in China

Asearlyasinthe1920s,amosaicorrosettediseasewasfirstreportedonwinterwheatinAmerica,andthenitwasfoundthatthepathogenwastransmittedviasoil. In1925,Mckinneysuccessfullytransmittedthepathogenfromtheinfectedplantstohealthyplantsbymechanical inoculationandprovedthatthepathogenwasavirus,namedsoil bornewheatmosaicvirus(SBWMV).In1969,RaoandBrakkefoundthatSBWMVwas transmittedbyPolymyxagraminisinsoil[1].Inlateryears,similardiseaseswerealsoreportedinJapan,I taly,France,Germany,BrazilandArgentina,w…     

水稻黑条矮缩病毒基因组第九组分cDNA的克隆及序列分析

从我国发病的玉米材料中提取水稻黑条矮缩病毒,抽提病毒RNA,利用RT-PCR等手段,获得了病毒基因组第九组分（S9）cDNA克隆。序列分析结果表明：S9全长1900bp,含有2个不重叠的ORF,编码蛋白的分子质量分别为39.9,24.2ku,与日本株S9核苷酸序列同源性为89%,与意大利株MRDV S8同源性为86%。     

哈维氏弧菌TS-628菌株抗原性研究

哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)是海水鱼虾养殖中常见的致病菌,由该菌引发的病害给世界各地的养殖业带来重大经济损失,但对其有效抗原的筛选或相关疫苗的研究报道相当少,对其病害的防治也尚无有效措施.本文以患病青石斑鱼分离到的病原菌哈维氏弧菌TS-628菌株为研究对象,分别提取它的鞭毛蛋白、脂多糖(LPS)和外膜蛋白(OMP),并采用Western blot技术分析检测这3种成分的抗原性.结果显示,鞭毛蛋白主要的免疫印迹带约有4条,其中43、52 ku为主要免疫反应显色带;OMP主要的免疫印迹带约有5条,其中43 ku为最主要免疫反应显色带, 35、38、47和52 ku也具有较强的免疫显色反应.LPS没有检测到免疫印迹反应.这一研究结果将为灵敏检测哈维氏弧菌以及研制高效疫苗奠定基础.     

结核杆菌19ku脂蛋白的表达与纯化

目的:通过基因工程技术获得重组结核分枝杆茵19 ku蛋白。方法:应用PCR技术扩增卡介苗的19 ku蛋白DNA序列;以质粒pET28a为表达栽体,构建19 ku重组质粒,然后转化大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3);在异丙基硫代-β-D-半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导下,分别对不同诱导时间的表达产物进行十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE),凝胶经考马斯亮蓝染色检测蛋白。通过镍柱纯化后获得目的蛋白。结果:重组质粒pET28a-p19测序表明与报道的序列相同。它在大肠埃希菌BL21(DE3)细胞内以可溶性形式表达。不同IPTG诱导时间实验表明重组结核分枝杆茵l9 ku蛋白诱导4 h在大肠埃希菌中的表达量最高。结论:pET28a-p19大肠埃希菌工程株可高表达结核分枝杆菌重组19 ku蛋白。     

水稻黑条矮缩病毒基因组组分10编码的外壳蛋白基因的克隆及表达

从我国山东发病的玉米材料中提取水稻黑条矮缩病毒 ,抽提病毒RNA ,经RT PCR ,克隆了编码外层外壳蛋白的基因组组分 10 (S10 )的cDNA ,并进行了序列测定 .与已报道的日本株和湖北等地的S10进行了序列同源性比较 .结果表明 ,与日本株的同源性为 92 % ,与湖北等地的同源性在 97%～ 98%之间 .将该序列构建到pGEX 3X表达载体中 ,经IPTG诱导 ,表达了分子质量约为 76ku的GST融合蛋白 .经亲和层析纯化和Western印迹分析 ,证实了该基因以可溶性的GST融合蛋白形式在原核中表达 .     

Tn5转座子插入p95基因不影响AcMNPV的复制

从Tn5转座子介导的AcMNPV随机插入突变体库中,分离到一株复制正常的突变体AcApra41.突变定位发现Tn5转座子插入了病毒p95基因中.为了排除AcApra41中还有其他突变,利用同源重组法构建了p95基因定点插入突变的重组病毒AcGFP-P95in.PCR确认p95基因中插入了Tn5转座子;Western blot也证实AcApra41和AcGFP-P95in感染的细胞中,P95蛋白的分子量都因为插入突变而变小,由野生型的95 ku变为 55 ku.病毒复制动态曲线和荧光显微镜观察证实带有该插入突变的病毒能够在Sf9细胞中正常复制,并表达极晚期基因.这一结果表明完整的P95蛋白对病毒复制是非必须的.     

螅状独缩虫(Carchesium polypinum)类中间纤维的初步研究

利用间接免疫荧光和免疫印迹发现螅状独缩虫中存在两种分子质量为58ku和66ku的蛋白。这两种蛋白能分别与抗波形蛋白和抗核纤层蛋白B的抗体反应。分子质量66ku的蛋白位于大核边缘。另外,细胞经分级抽提后大核周围存在核纤层样结构。基于上述结果,可以认为螅状独缩虫中存在类中间纤维。     

Activities and properties of calcineurin catalytic domain

Calcineurin (CN) is the only protein phosphatase known to be under the control of calcium (Ca²⁺) and calmodulin (CaM). The enzyme consists of two subunits, the catalytic A subunit of 61 ku (CNA) and a regulatory B subunit of 19 ku (CNB). In this study, we used PCR amplication to construct a truncation consisting of only the CNA catalytic domain. The truncation was induced by IPTG and expressed inE. coli. PNPP was used as a substrate to study the phosphatase activity of the CNA catalytic domain. The findings show that its activity is 20 times greater than CNA in the presence of CNB and CaM. The optimum reaction temperature for the CNA catalytic domain protein is 40°C, and the optimum reaction pH value is 8.0. Mn²⁺ is still an effective activator for the CNA catalytic domain, but its activity is not controlled by Ca²⁺. In the presence of 6 mmol/L Mg²⁺, adding either Ca²⁺ or EGTA did not change the activity of the CNA catalytic domain.     

拟松材线虫两个HSP基因的克隆与分析

采用RACE(快速扩增cDNA末端)技术从拟松材线虫中克隆了HSP70蛋白编码基因mc2和HSP90蛋白编码基因mc19,两个基因的全长cDNA分别为2 067和1 222 bp。生物信息学分析结果表明：mc2基因的ORF为1 926 bp,推测的编码蛋白包含642个氨基酸,分子质量为170.85 ku,等电点为4.69。mc19基因的ORF为1 083 bp,推测的编码蛋白包含361个氨基酸,分子质量为97.70 ku,等电点为4.83。多序列比对和系统进化树结果分析都表明,拟松材线虫的mc2、mc19基因的编码蛋白与植物寄生线虫HSP70和HSP90蛋白具有较高的同源性,拟松材线虫和松材线虫之间的亲缘关系尤其密切。     

Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒包膜糖蛋白L基因片段的克隆及高效表达

 采用PCR方法扩增HSV-1病毒型特异性包膜糖蛋白L(gL)基因片段并克隆至原核表达载体pGEX-5X-1获得重组质粒pGEX-5X-1-gL,将重组质粒转化E.coli BL21表达菌后经IPTG诱导表达目的蛋白.SDS-PAGE蛋白检测表明,在分子质量56 ku处有HSV-1 GST-gL融合蛋白的高效表达,通过IPTG浓度筛选和诱导前表达菌扩增培养时间的比较分析对诱导条件进行了优化,GST-gL融合蛋白表达量可达到菌体蛋白总量的48.65%.Western blot中利用HSV-1灭活病毒获得的多克隆抗体确证所表达蛋白为HSV-1病毒组分.这一表达系统的建立和优化对进一步探讨HSV-1 gL蛋白功能及其免疫原性提供了有利条件.     

斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒单克隆抗体的制备和分析

用纯化的斜纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（Spodoptera litura nucleopolyhedrovirus)的病毒核衣壳免疫小鼠,取脾脏细胞与骨髓瘤细胞融合,经筛选得到5株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株。它们所分泌的单抗分属IgG1,IgG2a,IgG2b和IgG3等4种抗体亚类,其中1株单抗识别分子质量为41ku的病毒蛋白,其余4株单抗均识别31ku的病毒蛋白。胰蛋白酶部分酶解分析发现,31ku的蛋白的4株单抗分别识别至少3个不同的抗原决定簇。所有5株单抗均不与其他4种核型多角体病毒发生交叉反应。利用所制备的单抗进行了病毒在虫体中增殖动态的检测。这些单克隆抗体可用来深入研究病毒的流行规律和复制机制。     

50 ku keratin-like protein and -microtublin coexist in higher plant cells

IF-like proteins have been obtained from suspension cells of Nicotiana tabacum by selective extraction. Western blot analysis shows that the major components of IF-like proteins are 6 keratin-like proteins of 64, 58, 55, 54, 50 and 45 ku. Specially the 50 ku protein also reacts with polyantibody against microtublin. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis shows that the 50 ku protein is composed of two different proteins and their amino acid sequences have been determined. Part of the sequence of one protein is identical to that of -microtublin and the other protein's sequence has no significant homologue, which should be a new sequence-unknown protein. These results suggest that 50 ku keratin-like protein and -microtublin coexist in higher plant cells, and that may lead to the phenomenon of co-distribution of IF and microtuble in plant cells.     

50 ku keratin-like protein and β-microtublin coexist in higher plant cells

IF-like proteins have been obtained from suspension cells of Nicotiana tabacum by selective extraction. Western blot analysis shows that the major components of IF-like proteins are 6 keratin-like proteins of 64, 58, 55, 54, 50 and 45 ku. Specially the 50 ku ptotein also reacts with polyantibody against microtublin. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis shows that the 50 ku protein is composed of two different proteins and their amino acid sequences have been determined. Part of the sequence of one protein is identical to that of β-microtublin and the other protein's sequence has no significant homologue, which should be a new sequence-unknown protein. These results suggest that 50 ku keratin-like protein and β-microtublin coexist in higher plant cells, and that may lead to the phenomenon of co-distribution of IF and microtuble in plant cells.     

人胎盘G-蛋白Rab3a cDNA的克隆

为了获取全长的小分子G-蛋白Rab3a,以用于研究Rab3a与其他蛋白相互作用关系,本实验以人胎盘总cDNA为模板,PCR扩增到人Rab3a cDNA全编码区。产物回收后克隆于质粒pYESTrp2的BamHI/XhoI位点,测序结果表明,本实验获得的Rab3a cDNA包含了起始和终止密码子。与PCR引物设计的参照Rab3a比较有5个核苷酸变异,与翻译的氨基酸序列完全一致。由此表明本实验获得的Rab3a cDNA可用于进一步研究。     

Atomic-level modelling of the HIV capsid

The mature capsids of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other retroviruses are fullerene shells, composed of the viral CA protein, that enclose the viral genome and facilitate its delivery into new host cells. Retroviral CA proteins contain independently folded amino (N)- and carboxy (C)-terminal domains (NTD and CTD) that are connected by a flexible linker. The NTD forms either hexameric or pentameric rings, whereas the CTD forms symmetric homodimers that connect the rings into a hexagonal lattice. We previously used a disulphide crosslinking strategy to enable isolation and crystallization of soluble HIV-1 CA hexamers. Here we use the same approach to solve the X-ray structure of the HIV-1 CA pentamer at 2.5?? resolution. Two mutant CA proteins with engineered disulphides at different positions (P17C/T19C and N21C/A22C) converged onto the same quaternary structure, indicating that the disulphide-crosslinked proteins recapitulate the structure of the native pentamer. Assembly of the quasi-equivalent hexamers and pentamers requires remarkably subtle rearrangements in subunit interactions, and appears to be controlled by an electrostatic switch that favours hexamers over pentamers. This study completes the gallery of substructures describing the components of the HIV-1 capsid and enables atomic-level modelling of the complete capsid. Rigid-body rotations around two assembly interfaces appear sufficient to generate the full range of continuously varying lattice curvature in the fullerene cone.     

Transport of cationic amino acids by the mouse ecotropic retrovirus receptor.

Susceptibility of rodent cells to infection by ecotropic murine leukaemia viruses (MuLV) is determined by binding of the virus envelope to a membrane receptor that has multiple membrane-spanning domains. Cells infected by ecotropic MuLV synthesize envelope protein, gp70, which binds to this receptor, thereby preventing additional infections. The consequences of envelope-MuLV receptor binding for the infected host cell have not been directly determined, partly because the cellular function of the MuLV receptor protein is unknown. Here we report a coincidence in the positions of the first eight putative membrane-spanning domains found in the virus receptor and in two related proteins, the arginine and histidine permeases of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Fig. 1), but not in any other proteins identified by computer-based sequence comparison of the GenBank data base. Xenopus oocytes injected with receptor-encoding messenger RNA show increased uptake of L-arginine, L-lysine and L-ornithine. The transport properties and the expression pattern of the virus receptor behave in ways previously attributed to y+, the principal transporter of cationic L-amino acids in mammalian cells.