Applying Gaussian quantum discord to quantum key distribution

In this paper, we theoretically prove that the Gaussian quantum discord state of optical field can be used to complete continuous variable （CV） quantum key distri- bution （QKD）. The calculation shows that secret key can be distilled with a Gaussian quantum discord state against entangling cloner attack. Secret key rate is increased with the increasing of quantum discord for CV QKD with the Gaussian quantum discord state. Although the calculated results point out that secret key rate using the Gaussian quantum discord state is lower than that using squeezed state and coherent state at the same energy level, we demonstrate that the Gaussian quantum discord, which only involving quantum correlation without the existence of entanglement, may provide a new resource for realizing CV QKD.     

利用动力学去耦合脉冲增大和调节量子相干性和三体纠缠

本文研究了动力学去耦合脉冲对腔量子电动力学系统中量子相干性, 量子失谐和量子纠缠的影响, 发现动力学去耦合脉冲不仅能够增大系统中两原子之间的量子相干性, 同时也能增大它们之间非经典关联（量子失谐和量子纠缠）. 同时, 凭借迹距离的方法, 探讨了动力学去耦合脉冲增大两原子之间量子相干性的原因, 通过探究可以看出动力学去耦合脉冲能够控制和加速量子信息从其他子系统回流到两个原子中去, 并减少两原子子系统和其他子系统之间的量子信息流动, 从而增加两原子间的量子相干性和非经典关联. 最后, 利用保真度的方法研究了系统中三体纠缠出现的情况, 结果显示在不同的时间, 系统中会出现三体纠缠, 特别值得指出的是, 可以通过动力学去耦合脉冲来调节和增加系统中三体纠缠出现的时间.     

XYZ自旋链中关联的品质

以非均匀磁场中受Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya相互作用的两量子比特海森堡XYZ自旋链模型为例,用共生纠缠、量子失协和失协的几何度量三种度量方式,计算了量子关联随时间的演化.利用选择性平均关联和纹波系数,评价不同时间间隔内或相同时间间隔内系统取不同参数的量子关联的品质高低.发现纠缠猝死后纠缠为零的时间段,量子失协和失协的几何度量的值也都很小,因而品质都很低.系统取定参数后,可以找到量子关联品质高的时间段;而优化参数,可以找到相同时长的品质更高的量子关联,有利于量子信息处理.     

量子关联研究综述

由EPR佯谬,薛定谔“猫态”等超越直观的纯量子现象产生的量子纠缠理论从其概念提出以来一直被人们认为既是量子理论最为重要的概念之一,也是在量子通讯中实现“稠密编码”和“隐形传态”的关键。然而,最近研究结果显示,量子纠缠并不能够完全解释量子关联所有特性。人们发现,除了纠缠以外,还存在对量子信息和量子计算具有极其重要意义的其它非经典关联,如量子失协是一个纯量子比特确定性量子计算机具有计算效率的原因。这说明,量子失协完全可以成为量子计算新的一种资源。文章介绍了非经典关联（包括量子纠缠）的基本概念及其度量方法,对量子失协在各类模型中表现出的量子关联特性进行分析和与量子纠缠,经典关联比较,从而体现出在各类量子体系中对量子失协进行研究的意义,同时引导理论和实验研究者去研究量子失协的潜在研究价值。     

一维XXZ环形自旋链中的量子关联

研究了系统尺度L=8的一维XXZ环形自旋链中的两体和多体量子纠缠以及两体量子失协，在这个过程中，充分考虑了温度和粒子间隔对纠缠和量子失谐的影响．结果发现，同种情况下，三体和四体纠缠比两体的更加“强壮”，且在低温条件下，利用多体纠缠可以探测到系统发生量子相变的临界点．与纠缠相比，量子失谐可以在较高温度下存在，且在相变点处总是表现出尖峰行为，这使得量子失谐在探测相变点方面更具优越性．     

控制开放超导量子电路系统中的几何量子关联冻结和量子相干性

本文研究了开放超导量子电路系统中,含时电磁场对两超导量子比特间的几何量子关联和量子相干性的影响. 我们发现,加入磁场之后,几何量子关联被冻结的现象会出现,并且冻结的时间会随着含时电磁场的加入而得到延长. 利用迹距离的方法,我们探讨了含时电磁场对超导量子比特与环境之间量子信息流动的影响,我们发现含时电磁场可以抑制环境的影响,降低超导量子比特与环境之间的量子信息流动.     

Observation of entanglement between a single trapped atom and a single photon

An outstanding goal in quantum information science is the faithful mapping of quantum information between a stable quantum memory and a reliable quantum communication channel. This would allow, for example, quantum communication over remote distances, quantum teleportation of matter and distributed quantum computing over a 'quantum internet'. Because quantum states cannot in general be copied, quantum information can only be distributed in these and other applications by entangling the quantum memory with the communication channel. Here we report quantum entanglement between an ideal quantum memory--represented by a single trapped 111Cd+ ion--and an ideal quantum communication channel, provided by a single photon that is emitted spontaneously from the ion. Appropriate coincidence measurements between the quantum states of the photon polarization and the trapped ion memory are used to verify their entanglement directly. Our direct observation of entanglement between stationary and 'flying' qubits is accomplished without using cavity quantum electrodynamic techniques or prepared non-classical light sources. We envision that this source of entanglement may be used for a variety of quantum communication protocols and for seeding large-scale entangled states of trapped ion qubits for scalable quantum computing.     

Stabilized quantum coherence and remote state preparation in structured environments

The radiation decay of a two-level atom could be inhibited within structured environments even under longtime evolution. We investigate the stabilized quantum coherence of composite systems undergoing local dissipation and exploit it further as a resource for remote state preparation. We focus on outputs of quantum states with solely quantum discord (i.e., without entanglement) and demonstrate that they could be resulted from various initial states providing specific spectral structure of the reservoir. In detail, we elaborate the behavior of stabilized quantum discord and the corresponding fidelity for remote state preparation in connection with structural spectra of Ohmic class reservoir and of photonic band gap mediums.     

Stationary entanglement of two atoms in a common reservoir

We study the dynamics of two entangled atoms interacting with a common structured reservoir. By means of the exact solution of atomic dynamics, we show a novel quantum interference controlled by the relative phase of initial entangled state of the atoms. The quantum interference has a great influence on trapped excited-state population and stationary entanglement of the atoms. In particular, we construct an explicit condition under which atomic stationary entanglement can grow over their initial value.     

Entanglement of the orbital angular momentum states of photons.

Entangled quantum states are not separable, regardless of the spatial separation of their components. This is a manifestation of an aspect of quantum mechanics known as quantum non-locality. An important consequence of this is that the measurement of the state of one particle in a two-particle entangled state defines the state of the second particle instantaneously, whereas neither particle possesses its own well-defined state before the measurement. Experimental realizations of entanglement have hitherto been restricted to two-state quantum systems, involving, for example, the two orthogonal polarization states of photons. Here we demonstrate entanglement involving the spatial modes of the electromagnetic field carrying orbital angular momentum. As these modes can be used to define an infinitely dimensional discrete Hilbert space, this approach provides a practical route to entanglement that involves many orthogonal quantum states, rather than just two Multi-dimensional entangled states could be of considerable importance in the field of quantum information, enabling, for example, more efficient use of communication channels in quantum cryptography.     

电磁场辐照下量子线的两能级电子波函数

从理论上研究了在横向极化的外电磁场辐照下量子线的电子态．使用量子光学中两能级原子与电磁场相互作用的半经典方法,得到了在自由电子和弱场假设下两能级电子与场相互作用的波函数表达式．此波函数包含了外场的频率和强度以及量子线的几何参量,由此可研究决定系统与时间有关的输运性质．     

外加经典驱动场保护非马尔科夫信道量子失协的对策

讨论了外加经典驱动场对非马尔科夫信道量子失协动力学演化的影响。研究结果表明:尽管调控经典场的幅度、频率均能够对非马尔科夫信道量子失协起保护作用,但保护的效果有较大差别;能对系统量子失协保持起关键作用的是量子比特的有效频率与热库中心频率间的总失谐,调控经典驱动场的幅度是增大总失谐的最有效的途径。提升经典驱动场的幅度是实现量子失协保持最有效的方法。     

Experimental demonstration of a BDCZ quantum repeater node

Quantum communication is a method that offers efficient and secure ways for the exchange of information in a network. Large-scale quantum communication (of the order of 100 km) has been achieved; however, serious problems occur beyond this distance scale, mainly due to inevitable photon loss in the transmission channel. Quantum communication eventually fails when the probability of a dark count in the photon detectors becomes comparable to the probability that a photon is correctly detected. To overcome this problem, Briegel, Dür, Cirac and Zoller (BDCZ) introduced the concept of quantum repeaters, combining entanglement swapping and quantum memory to efficiently extend the achievable distances. Although entanglement swapping has been experimentally demonstrated, the implementation of BDCZ quantum repeaters has proved challenging owing to the difficulty of integrating a quantum memory. Here we realize entanglement swapping with storage and retrieval of light, a building block of the BDCZ quantum repeater. We follow a scheme that incorporates the strategy of BDCZ with atomic quantum memories. Two atomic ensembles, each originally entangled with a single emitted photon, are projected into an entangled state by performing a joint Bell state measurement on the two single photons after they have passed through a 300-m fibre-based communication channel. The entanglement is stored in the atomic ensembles and later verified by converting the atomic excitations into photons. Our method is intrinsically phase insensitive and establishes the essential element needed to realize quantum repeaters with stationary atomic qubits as quantum memories and flying photonic qubits as quantum messengers.     

Quantum storage of photonic entanglement in a crystal

Entanglement is the fundamental characteristic of quantum physics-much experimental effort is devoted to harnessing it between various physical systems. In particular, entanglement between light and material systems is interesting owing to their anticipated respective roles as 'flying' and stationary qubits in quantum information technologies (such as quantum repeaters and quantum networks). Here we report the demonstration of entanglement between a photon at a telecommunication wavelength (1,338?nm) and a single collective atomic excitation stored in a crystal. One photon from an energy-time entangled pair is mapped onto the crystal and then released into a well-defined spatial mode after a predetermined storage time. The other (telecommunication wavelength) photon is sent directly through a 50-metre fibre link to an analyser. Successful storage of entanglement in the crystal is proved by a violation of the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality by almost three standard deviations (S = 2.64?±?0.23). These results represent an important step towards quantum communication technologies based on solid-state devices. In particular, our resources pave the way for building multiplexed quantum repeaters for long-distance quantum networks.     

Demonstration of a quantum teleportation network for continuous variables

Quantum teleportation involves the transportation of an unknown quantum state from one location to another, without physical transfer of the information carrier. Although quantum teleportation is a naturally bipartite process, it can be extended to a multipartite protocol known as a quantum teleportation network. In such a network, entanglement is shared between three or more parties. For the case of three parties (a tripartite network), teleportation of a quantum state can occur between any pair, but only with the assistance of the third party. Multipartite quantum protocols are expected to form fundamental components for larger-scale quantum communication and computation. Here we report the experimental realization of a tripartite quantum teleportation network for quantum states of continuous variables (electromagnetic field modes). We demonstrate teleportation of a coherent state between three different pairs in the network, unambiguously demonstrating its tripartite character.     

简析量子定位技术及应用前景

传统的卫星导航定位系统技术,其定位精度由于受限于电磁波脉冲的能量与带宽存在着一定的极限.随着量子力学的发展,利用具有量子纠缠特性的激光脉冲来取代电磁脉冲信号,可以实现趋近于物理极限的高定位精度,这就是量子定位技术.概述了量子定位的基本原理和特点优势的基础上,浅析了其关键技术及未来广阔应用前景.     

量子纠缠与超光速量子通信

量子通信是经典通信和量子力学相结合的一门新兴交叉学科.在介绍量子纠缠特性的基础上,对量子隐形传态进行了探讨,提出了超光速量子通信的途径.     

一维量子Euler-Poisson方程的解的渐近性

讨论了一类一维量子半导体方程,这类方程具有等熵Euler—Poisson方程的形式,并且动量方程有量子势力项和松弛项．当远场动量不一致和远场电场非零时,证明了一维量子Euler—Poisson方程的初值问题的解的渐近性．通过选择适当的修正函数和能量估计的方法,得到了上述初值问题的解在时间足够大时收敛到相应的稳态解．这个结果改进了前人的关于远场动量一致和零远场电场时解的渐近性的结果．     

双模压缩真空态与运动原子相互作用过程中模间纠缠特性的研究

运用全量子理论,研究双模压缩真空态与运动原子相互作用过程中,双模光场的模间纠缠性质,讨论了原子初态处于激发态时,原子运动和场模结构对模间纠缠性质的影响.结果表明,原子的运动速度和场模结构影响模间纠缠度,但不破坏模间纠缠演化的周期性.     

双模光场与原子共振拉曼相互作用中的纠缠特性

在二能级原子静止和运动的情况下,研究了原子与双模压缩真空态量子化腔场共振拉曼过程中的纠缠特性,利用量子化熵和量子相对熵分别讨论了原子与双模光场之间以及双模光场两模之间的纠缠性质．研究发现:通过适当改变场模参量和原子初态可以控制纠缠的时间和纠缠强度演化．