锯缘青蟹消化系统内分泌细胞的免疫细胞化学定位

采用兔抗哺乳类Glu、SP、Gas、Pro、SOM、ACTH和PP等7种抗血清．应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白一过氧化物酶免疫细胞化学技术，从锯缘青蟹的消化系统检测出前4种抗血清呈免疫阳性反应．Glu细胞分布于食道的皮腺、后肠肌层和肝胰腺．SP细胞位于后肠皮腺和肝胰腺．Gas细胞分布于食道和后肠的皮腺、贲门胃粘膜上皮以及肝胰腺．Pro细胞仅见于肝胰腺内．锯缘青蟹消化道粘膜上皮内分泌细胞少，这与脊椎动物内分泌细胞主要分布于消化道粘膜上皮的模式不同．肝胰腺具有4种内分泌细胞。提示了肝胰腺是锯缘青蟹体内重要的内分泌腺．     

蒙古绵羊胚胎小肠的组织发生

运用组织学常规方法对蒙古绵羊32～550 mm胚胎小肠的组织学特征以及肌层、粘膜肌、粘膜上皮、杯状细胞、淋巴集结、乳糜管、肠腺、十二指肠腺等发生发育规律进行了较详细的研究.结果:在小肠各段肌层已分化出内环肌和外环肌;十二指肠、空肠、回肠在290 mm胚胎时出现了明显的粘膜肌;粘膜上皮发生发育经历了从单层细胞到多层细胞再到单层细胞的过程;十二指肠、空肠、回肠在各胚期相继出现了杯状细胞、乳糜管、肠腺;回肠在340 mm胚胎、空肠在400 mm胚胎出现了淋巴集结;十二指肠在290 mm胚胎出现了十二指肠腺.     

贝氏高原鳅消化道的结构

应用解剖学、组织学、组织化学以及透射电镜技术等方法,对贝氏高原鳅Triplophysa bleekeri消化道的结构进行了详细观察.结果表明:贝氏高原鳅消化道由口咽腔、食道、胃、肠和肛门5个部分组成.口咽腔宽阔,顶壁粘膜层粘液细胞和味蕾丰富,底壁棒状细胞含量较多.食道粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,上皮细胞顶端有短微绒毛,胞质内常见线粒体,偶见粗面型内质网、滑面型内质网、高尔基复合体和溶酶体.上皮细胞之间夹杂大量粘液细胞,有发达的微管泡系统.基膜内有少量的纤维细胞、网状纤维以及大量胶原纤维束.肌肉层为横纹肌,环肌发达.胃为"V"形,粘膜上皮为典型单层柱状上皮.上皮细胞内含大量分泌颗粒,PAS反应呈强阳性,线粒体发达,多位于细胞基底部.粘膜层无杯状细胞,但贲门和胃体固有膜内具有发达的单管状腺体,胃腺细胞内含大量酶原颗粒、线粒体和粗面型内质网,胃腺细胞周围有发达的微管泡系统.胃体肌肉层变化较大:近贲门部内层为纵肌,外层为环肌;胃体中部内为薄层环肌,外为厚层纵肌;近幽门部内层为环肌,外层为纵肌.肠绕胃呈"φ"形,粘膜皱襞发达,单层柱状上皮游离面有很多微绒毛.上皮细胞之间分散有大量的粘液细胞,其内充满均质的分泌颗粒;整个肠段,粘液细胞自前向后数量逐渐减少.粘膜层细胞间有大量空泡状结构,近基膜处形成发达的微管泡系统.肛门为半开放结构,粘膜上皮为复层扁平上皮,粘膜下层为致密结缔组织,由较厚的横纹肌层支持.     

鳖胰腺和胆囊组织学的初步观察

鳖胰腺为弥散型,其外分泌部为浆液性的复管泡状腺,腺泡由单层锥体形或矮柱状细胞围成,导管可分为闰管、小叶内导管、小叶间导管和胰总管等;内分泌部的胰岛很小,大多由几个或十几个内分泌细胞组成.胆囊壁由黏膜、黏膜下层、肌层和外膜组成,黏膜上皮为单层高柱状细胞,疏松结缔组织,肌层为平滑肌和弹性纤维,外膜为薄层结缔组织.     

川金丝猴输卵管和子宫的组织学研究

对２只川金丝猴的输卵管和子宫作了组织学观察,结果显示：①川金丝猴输卵管粘膜向内突出形成许多纵行而分支的皱襞,其中外侧部皱襞最发达,至子宫部皱襞渐趋减少,且低矮,粘膜上皮为单层柱状上皮,由纤毛柱状细胞和分泌细胞构成;②子宫内膜由上皮和固有膜组成,上皮常限入固有膜形成管状的子宫腺,腺上皮主要由分泌细胞和少量纤细胞构成;③川金丝猴子宫壁肌层发达,由许多平滑肌束和结缔组织构成,平滑肌束分层不明显,大致可区     

三疣梭子蟹消化系统的组织学研究

从组织学、组织化学二个方面研究了三疣梭子蟹的消化系统．消化系统主要包括消化管和消化腺．消化管的组织结构都由基本的四层构成，即粘膜层、粘膜下层、肌层和外膜．粘膜层是由单层柱状上皮和基膜构成的．除中肠外，其余部分管壁上皮表面分别被有弹性蛋白、胶原蛋白、粘蛋白和几丁质骨片等结构．在食道和后肠壁结缔组织中分别有食道腺和后肠腺，其分泌物为酸性粘多糖．肌层均为横纹肌．消化管的外膜均主要由疏构结缔组织构成．消化腺主要是肝胰腺，由无数的肝小管组成，每一小管均由位于基膜上的一层细胞构成．根据形态和功能，可把这些细胞分为四种类型：即分泌细胞（Ｂ细胞）、吸收细胞（Ｆ细胞）、储存细胞（Ｒ细胞）和胚细胞（Ｅ细胞）．     

大鵟胃和小肠的组织学及嗜银细胞的观察

为了解大鵟(Buteo hemilasius)胃和小肠的组织结构及嗜银细胞的分布特点,本实验采用生物显微技术和Grimelius银染法对大鵟胃和小肠的组织结构及嗜银细胞的形态和分布进行了观察.结果表明:大鵟胃由黏膜层、黏膜下层、肌层、外膜4层组成,腺胃固有层中充满胃腺,浅层腺为单管腺,深层腺为复管泡状腺;胃黏膜肌层由环行平滑肌构成;小肠无黏膜下层,由黏膜层、肌肉层、外膜构成,黏膜层包括上皮、固有层和粘膜肌层,黏膜肌层较明显,十二指肠和空肠黏膜平滑肌为纵行,回肠黏膜平滑肌为内环外纵行.小肠绒毛无分支现象,绒毛中没有中央乳糜管;小肠肌肉层均由内环行平滑肌和外纵行平滑肌构成.大鵟胃和小肠嗜银细胞的形态多样,有圆形、椭圆形、锥形、长梭形和不规则形等.嗜银细胞的末端有突起,大部分突起常指向管腔,少部分指向固有层.嗜银细胞在不同部位的大小有所不同,在肠腺和黏膜上皮之间的嗜银细胞个体较大,而在固有层基部个体较小.大鵟胃肠道嗜银细胞的分布数量在腺胃最多,依次为空肠、十二指肠、回肠,肌胃内未见有嗜银细胞分布.大鵟胃肠道内分泌细胞可能有内分泌、腔分泌和旁分泌3种分泌方式.     

中国龙虾消化道的组织学与组织化学研究

应用组织学和组织化学方法研究中国龙虾的消化道.消化道可分为前肠、中肠和后肠.前肠包括口、食道和胃,胃可分为贲门胃和幽门胃,贲门胃内有由几丁质齿、嵴和刚毛组成的胃磨,幽门胃内则有由几丁质板、衬垫及栉状刚毛组成的过滤器.组织学研究结果表明,消化道壁由粘膜层、结缔组织层、肌肉层和外膜构成;除中肠外,其余消化管壁上皮均覆盖有几丁质层;消化道上皮基本由单层柱状细胞构成;肌肉层从排列上可分为纵肌、环肌和放射肌,主要由平滑肌构成,其中食道壁肌肉为骨骼肌;外膜不明显.组织化学研究表明,消化道各段中,几丁质表层的多糖物质含量较多,结缔组织和粘液腺中的次之,中、后肠上皮细胞中含少量糖原;肌肉细胞内含丰富的蛋白质和部分脂类,结缔组织和各段上皮的含量次之.还探讨了中国龙虾消化道的结构与功能的关系.     

栉孔扇贝消化系统的组织学研究

以组织学方法研究了栉孔扇贝的消化系统、栉孔扇贝消化系统由食道、胃、晶杆囊、肠、直肠及消化腺等组成,消化道管壁由粘膜层和粘膜下层组成,除食道外缺乏肌层．消化道粘膜上皮主要为纤毛柱状细胞,在食道、肠和直肠还有少量的粘液细胞．消化腺为复管状腺。腺管上皮有消化细胞和嗜碱性细胞两种类型,消化细胞内含许多囊泡和颗粒。     

类固醇激素受体在扬子鳄睾丸表达的免疫细胞化学研究

用免疫细胞化学方法对雄激素受体(AR)、雌激素受体(ER)和孕激素受体(PR) 在扬子鳄睾丸中进行定位研究.结果表明,三种类固醇激素受体在扬子鳄睾丸中都有分布:雄激素受体在睾丸的肌样细胞和支持细胞中呈阳性反应,雌激素受体在睾丸的间质细胞中呈 阳性反应,孕激素受体在睾丸的生精细胞中呈阳性反应.推测结果表明,雄激素受体在扬子 鳄精子发生过程有重要作用;雌激素受体可能在扬子鳄睾丸发育过程中影响睾丸间质细胞雄性激素的分泌,进而调节生精过程和精子发育成熟,孕激素受体可能通过转换成AR和ER来对精子发生进行调节.这些结果为证明性类固醇激素参与调节扬子鳄性腺生殖内分泌调控提供了重要的形态学新证据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with