不同煤岩组合体力学特性的数值模拟研究

为研究不同煤岩组合体力学特性和声发射特征,利用RFPA2D数值模拟软件,对不同围压和不同组合倾角条件下的泥岩煤组合体,粉砂岩煤组合体及石灰岩煤组合体进行了模拟。结果表明,单轴压缩时不同煤岩组合体应力应变曲线相似,其峰值强度均接近煤体的单轴抗压强度;煤岩体强度随着组合体间倾角的增大而减小,煤岩体中岩体的强度越高,煤岩体越早出现强度的迅速衰减;煤岩组合体的内摩擦角随着组合体倾角的增大而减小,而内聚力随着倾角增大先增大后减小;随着围压的升高,煤岩组合体的声发射振铃计数最大值经历了一个先减后增的过程,组合体中岩石强度越高,声发射最大振铃计数值越高。     

新延安隧道层状页岩力学性能试验研究

为研究新延安隧道层状页岩的力学特性和破坏特征，分析层理面不同倾角对岩石力学参数的影响，本文分别进行了不同层理角度下的室内单轴压缩、三轴压缩和巴西劈裂试验及数值单轴压缩和三轴压缩试验。通过室内试验分析，峰值强度随倾角增加呈先减小后增大的趋势；抗压强度呈“U”型趋势，弹性模量呈“V”型变化。通过大量数值模拟试验拓展了室内试验范围并分别拟合了抗压强度和弹性模量随倾角变化关系式；围压的增大弱化了页岩各向异性，但随着围压的不断增大弱化程度减小；黏聚力对层状页岩强度的弱化程度远远大于内摩擦角；抗拉强度随倾角的增大逐渐减小；倾角不同层状页岩的破坏模式也不同，单轴压缩时，0°为张拉破坏，30°~60°时发生由弱面控制的沿层理面发生的剪切滑移破坏，90°时产生劈裂张拉破坏。三轴压缩时不同层理面倾角的页岩试件主要发生剪切破坏。     

考虑围压影响下的层状岩体压缩特性

为了研究围压作用情况下的层状岩体压缩特性,采用数值方法建立分析模型,计算不同围压下岩体的应力和应变后发现,随着结构面倾角的增大,层状岩体的抗压强度呈现先减小后增大的趋势;结构面倾角为60°时试件的三轴抗压强度最小;层面倾角为90°时对应的三轴抗压强度最大;对于相同倾角的试件,三轴压缩强度与围压呈显著的线性关系。数值试验反应的岩石应力-应变曲线与试验得到的结果相符,随着围压的增大,试样的刚度不断增大,弹性模量与围压之间呈线性关系。     

三轴及孔隙水作用下煤的变形和声发射特性

在MTS815.02岩石力学试验系统上进行了煤的单轴压缩、三轴压缩及孔隙水作用下全应力应变试验及声发射检测.结果表明:煤的三轴强度、残余强度随围压增高而增大,随孔隙水压增高而降低;在低围压试验范围内,煤的弹性模量不随围压变化.煤在不同试验条件下呈现的声发射特征有显著差异性:单轴试验时各个阶段均有声发射事件产生,三轴及孔隙水试验条件下煤样屈服之前声发射事件较少,而屈服之后声发射趋于活跃;单轴试验时煤的声发射能量最大,随孔隙水压增大,煤样变形过程释放的声发射能量逐渐减小.     

煤岩三轴压缩损伤破坏声发射特征

在对MTS815岩石伺服试验系统通讯传输接口进行改造的基础上,实现了将检波器置于三轴室内的三轴压缩声发射试验,克服了检波器置于三轴室外壁无法监测到全面可靠声发射信号的弊端.煤岩三轴压缩声发射试验结果表明,与单轴压缩相比,围压增强了煤岩的整体性及刚度,使压密阶段声发射活动明显减弱.声发射振铃计数及能量出现最大值的时间均稍滞后于煤岩宏观破坏时刻,说明围压不但提高了其峰值强度,而且由于围压使煤岩内部裂隙的错动滑移受到抑制,提高了其峰后承载能力.振幅反映声发射的强度,三轴压缩条件下,轴向加载初期声发射振幅较小,宏观破裂前后出现大量高振幅声发射事件,残余塑性阶段仍然有较多振幅较大的声发射事件产生.声发射撞击计数率表征裂纹扩展的次数及速率,三轴压缩声发射撞击计数试验结果表明,弹塑性阶段是煤岩裂隙萌生扩展的主要阶段.岩石三轴压缩破坏声发射特征对于深刻理解矿山井下岩体破坏机理及采用微震监测技术预防相关动力灾害事故具有重要的理论及实际指导意义.     

双轴加卸载条件下含D型孔洞方块砂岩破坏特性

为了揭示深部岩体在复杂应力条件下的强度与破裂特性,构建含不同倾角的D型孔洞砂岩数值试样,并通过单轴压缩试验验证其可靠性;开展双轴加卸载条件下含D型孔洞砂岩破裂过程数值模拟研究,综合考察其力学参数特征以及裂纹扩展特性。研究结果表明：在单轴压缩下,试样峰值强度和弹性模量随孔洞倾角的增大先降低后升高然后再降低,试样最终出现由孔洞左右两侧2条裂纹不断延伸形成的斜向剪切破坏;对于同一倾角孔洞砂岩试样,试样的双轴压缩强度、双轴加卸载强度、单轴压缩强度依次递减;随孔洞倾角增大,试样双轴加卸载破坏时的侧向应力总体呈现下降趋势;D型孔洞倾角对试样的峰值强度影响较小,但对试样裂纹的起裂应力影响较明显;在双轴加卸载条件下,含D型孔洞砂岩的破坏形式较复杂多样,总体呈现出单向剪切、X形剪切和Y形剪切共3种剪切破坏模式。     

充填体–围岩组合体三轴力学行为数值模拟试验分析

分析充填体与围岩相互作用机理是地下矿山充填采场稳定性评价关键。以空场嗣后充填采场为物理原型,将充填体与围岩协同考虑,概化出了充填体-围岩组合体实验室尺度模型,基于RFPA3D构建了具有一个粗糙接触面、两种灰砂配比、四个接触面倾角和三种围压的充填体-围岩组合体三轴压缩试验数值分析模型,系统分析了组合体的三轴应力应变曲线、强度、破坏模式、破坏过程与声发射演化规律,并通过组合体静力学分析模型和文献对比方法验证了结果的可靠性。研究结果表明,充填体-围岩组合体在三轴压缩下的变形、强度特征和破坏模式与接触面倾角、围岩和灰砂配比有关联关系;应力-应变曲线可分为压实、弹性、屈服、应变软化和残余应力五个阶段,不同阶段的声发射特征变化明显;充填体-围岩组合体三轴抗压强度随围压的增加呈线性增加;当接触面倾角为45°和60°时,组合体破坏发生在接触面和充填体区域。当接触面倾角为75°和90°时,充填体、接触面和围岩区域均有破坏。研究结论可为地下充填采场的稳定性分析提供理论依据。     

冻结条件下岩石强度特性的试验

随着寒区或特殊施工环境条件下基础设施建设的需要,人们越来越发现有必要对冻结岩石力学问题进行深入的研究。以从胡家河矿井筒冻结现场选取煤岩及砂岩2种具有代表性的岩样,在MTS815实验机上进行不同围压及不同温度条件下的单轴及三轴压缩实验,分析煤岩及砂岩在相同围压不同温度条件下及相同温度不同围压条件下的强度特性,并对2种不同岩样的同一性和差异性进行了比较研究,推导了含温度因子的冻结岩石非线性破坏准则。为低温条件下岩石力学特性研究提供参考。     

考虑不同节理倾角和贯通率的类岩材料单轴压缩试验

为研究节理倾角与贯通率对类岩材料力学特性的影响,选用预制贯通节理类岩材料作为研究对象,对以节理倾角和贯通率为单一变量的两组砂浆试样进行单轴压缩试验。试验结果表明:节理倾角为0°时,随着节理贯通率的增大,试样的峰值强度、峰值应变以及弹性模量均不断减小;不同贯通率试样破坏时均呈现出整体张拉破坏的特征;节理贯通率相同时,随着节理倾角的增大,试样峰值强度呈现V字形变化趋势;试样峰值应变先减小后增大再减小,弹性模量先增大后减小再增大,二者呈现良好对应关系。通过对比节理贯通率和不同倾角对力学特性的影响,发现节理贯通率在试样强度、变形破坏过程中起主要影响作用。     

层状岩体受压力学特征结构面效应数值分析

煤层底板岩体是沉积岩,具有显著的层状结构特点。为研究层状岩体压缩强度的结构面效应,通过FLAC3D数值软件,结合改进的遍布节理本构模型,建立层状岩体压缩数值模型,分析单轴、三轴压缩情况下的应力应变响应以及强度特征。研究结果表明:层状岩体压缩强度具有显著的结构面倾角效应。随着倾角的增大,层状岩体的压缩强度呈现先减小后增大的趋势。当结构面倾角为40°~80°时,岩体强度整体较低,破裂面主要沿结构面展开。数值试验和理论分析反映的岩体强度随结构面倾角变化规律一致。层状岩体弹性模量沿平行于结构面方向最大,而垂直于结构面方向最小,并随结构面与水平面之间夹角的增加而增大。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that