具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

Mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al2O3?Na2O system during high-temperature sintering

The mineral transition and formation mechanism of calcium aluminate compounds in CaO?Al₂O₃?Na₂O system during the high-temperature sintering process were systematically investigated using DSC?TG, XRD, SEM?EDS, FTIR, and Raman spectra, and the crystal structure of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was also simulated by Material Studio software. The results indicated that the minerals formed during the sintering process included Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀, CaO·Al₂O₃, and 12CaO·7Al₂O₃, and the content of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ could reach 92wt% when sintered at 1200°C for 30 min. The main formation stage of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ occurred at temperatures from 970 to 1100°C, and the content could reach 82wt% when the reaction temperature increased to 1100°C. The crystal system of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was tetragonal, and the cells preferred to grow along crystal planes (110) and (210). The formation of Na₄Ca₃(AlO₂)₁₀ was an exothermic reaction that followed a secondary reaction model, and its activation energy was 223.97 kJ/mol.     

含细夹层的分矿充填层中流动特性的可视化

Ore particles, especially fine interlayers, commonly segregate in heap stacking, leading to undesirable flow paths and changeable flow velocity fields of packed beds. Computed tomography (CT), COMSOL Multiphysics, and MATLAB were utilized to quantify pore structures and visualize flow behavior inside packed beds with segregated fine interlayers. The formation of fine interlayers was accompanied with the segregation of particles in packed beds. Fine particles reached the upper position of the packed beds during stacking. CT revealed that the average porosity of fine interlayers (24.21%) was significantly lower than that of the heap packed by coarse ores (37.42%), which directly affected the formation of flow paths. Specifically, the potential flow paths in the internal regions of fine interlayers were undeveloped. Fluid flowed and bypassed the fine interlayers and along the sides of the packed beds. Flow velocity also indicated that the flow paths easily gathered in the pore throat where flow velocity (1.8 × 10?5 m/s) suddenly increased. Fluid stagnant regions with a flow velocity lower than 0.2 × 10?5 m/s appeared in flow paths with a large diameter.     

饱和含水土壤埋地原油管道冬季停输温降

建立了饱和含水土壤埋地原油管道在低于冰点环境温度下的停输流动和传热模型，该模型不仅考虑土壤水分结冰和管内原油凝固相变过程与初始温度场和流场的影响，而且考虑了水分在土壤多孔介质中和管内原油的自然对流。通过数值模拟，获得了停输期间温度场、流场以及土壤水分结冰界面和管道中原油凝固界面的分布情况。结果表明，停输期间越靠近管壁正上方的土壤，其温度梯度越大；受温度分布的影响，土壤水分和管内原油产生沿y轴对称线自下而上的自然对流；土壤水分结冰界面和管道中原油凝固界面随停输时间向埋深方向推进，管道顶部土壤中的结冰界面推进速度较远离管道土壤中的结冰界面缓慢，管内原油凝固界面也向埋深方向偏移。     

ELT in 2015 in China

本文推测了中国未来英语教学的状况。文章简要介绍了中国目前使用的英语教学法;在未来的十年中,英语的教和学可能产生的变化;探讨了学生可能产生的变化及他们学习英语原因的变化;英语语言及网络的发展可能对中国的英语教育产生的影响;以及英语教师们如何看待未来他们的工作。     

和谐--最高的审美理想

和谐是中国人最高的审美理想，其表现是：认为美存在于和谐之中，美的本质是和谐；追求人与自然的和谐，把“天人合一”作为最高的审美境界；追求和谐的社会关系，要求人与社会的关系和谐，要使家庭和谐，要使人与人之间的关系和谐；追求和谐的艺术，认为艺术的本质是和谐，艺术的作用是对人的心理与社会进行调节，使人的心理与社会关系和谐，文艺作品追求和谐的美。     

草原火烧后植物群落生产及其产量空间结构的变化

研究了草原火烧后植物群落生产及其产量空间结构的变化。结果表明,草原春季火一,由于当降水充分,火烧地植物群落产生提高;第二年降水不足,火 植物群落产量低于未烧地。火烧地植群落地上生产量的绝对增长率高于未烧地。火 植物群落地下生物量在火烧后当年升高,第二年降低。     

中华乌塘鳢消化道内分泌细胞的鉴别与定位

应用链霉菌抗生物素蛋白-过氧化物酶免疫细胞化学方法,对中华乌塘鳢消化道中的Som、5-HT、PP、VIP、SP和CT等内分泌细胞进行鉴别和定位.结果表明:Som细胞在贲门胃、中肠分布较多,食道与幽门胃较少.5-HT细胞在食道较为丰富,胃中次之,前肠较少.PP细胞仅分布于肠道,后肠居多,前肠、中肠较少.VIP细胞分布于食道及贲门胃,食道处较少.SP细胞在后肠较为丰富,前肠分布较少.CT细胞集中在胃部,前肠偶见,其余部位未发现.不同种类内分泌细胞的数量分布和形态特征存在一定的差异,本文对其可能的内分泌方式和功能进行了讨论.     

广西4个港湾海洋环境质量现状调查

分别在1996年夏冬季对广西沿岸铁山港、廉洲湾、钦州湾、防城湾海洋环境质量现状进行调查,调查测站29个,其中河口区3个,港口区5个,养殖区7个,浅海区14个。调查项目包括PH值、溶解氧、化学耗氧量、油类、Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Hg,无机磷、无机氮、硫化物和有机质。除近岸局部区域外,大部分海域的水质符合一类海洋水水质标准,港湾沉积物和生物体污染较轻,海洋环境质量状况良好。廉洲湾海域的污染要比其他3个港湾的严重。     

长江口北槽丁坝坝田区潮流及污染物迁移扩散特征

为研究长江口深水航道北槽坝田水流结构,基于非结构网格FVM法,建立了长江口大范围二维潮流水质耦合数学模型,在数学模型验证良好的基础上,对北槽涨落潮水流结构及坝田污染物扩散进行了研究。结果表明,北槽中上段北坝田高潮位明显高于主槽,北槽下段,高潮位与主槽相近;南坝田高潮位大都高于主槽,南北坝田低潮位与主槽相近;坝田污染物落潮时释放扩散速度较快,南侧坝田污染物扩散速度比北坝田快,大潮坝田污染物扩散速度比小潮快,坝田外部污染物扩散速度比坝田内部快;坝田释放污染源后,污染物随涨落潮流在坝田与主槽内运动,短时间内污染物进入航道的量较少。     

中国马铃薯产业发展现状与趋势

通过对世界马铃薯生产、消费与贸易情况的比较，详细分析了我国马铃薯产业发展在生产规模、种薯体系、品种质量、加工水平等方面存在的差距及造成的原因。并从自然条件、消费潜力、地理潜力、价格潜力等方面探讨了中国马铃薯产业发展的趋势及对策。     

仁爱、道爱、兼爱－儒、道、墨爱观比较

儒、道、墨三家之爱作为共同效忠于先秦社会的哲学流派,在人性基础,修养方式,政治思想,爱的最高境界方面存在共同点,然从其各自特性上,不难发现三家之爱在立足点,群已关系,爱的方式,最终目的,意识导向又有其独立之外。无论在理论上还是在实践上,三家之爱都突显了各自的价值。     

考虑局部归一化高度的双分支语义分割网络

归一化数字表面模型是表征地物高度、辅助遥感影像分类的重要特征,但是其片状、精度不稳定的特性制约了分类精度的提升.针对这个问题,该文提出了一种考虑局部归一化高度的双分支输入语义分割网络,一方面设计了一种双分支输入结构,分别提取地物的光谱特征和几何特征,并通过跳跃连接进行特征融合以充分学习地物多模态信息;另一方面提出了一种新的地物高度表征方法,结合深度神经网络受GPU显存限制只能处理较小区域影像的特点,在输入的数字表面模型局部区域内计算高度特征.最后通过在ISPRS标准数据集上对三种网络框架进行对比试验,证明了相较于仅使用光谱影像,该文方法总体精度提升了4.5%～4.7%,比使用归一化表面模型作为高度特征的分类方法具有更高的分类精度、计算效率和自动化程度.