平面连杆机构中公共约束数与静不定次数的研究

本文就平面机构中从动杆组的分组方法以及公共约束数与其静不定次数的关系进行了研究，得出了平面机构中公共约束数与其静不定次数相等的重要结论。当多环平面机构的某独立环含有公共约束时，其机构的从动杆组仍然具有运动的确定性，只有其从动杆组需要进行再分组。     

机构构件位移协调原理的研究

通过对过约束机构的静不定次数进行研究，进而对机构构件的位移协调原理进行研究，推导出机构构件位移协调方程。     

基于平面约束不确定性的自调性机构设计

普遍使用的平面闭链机构是在理想平面约束条件下，作者选择曲柄摇块机构为例，分析了制造误差等不确定性因素对理想平面约束的影响，结果表明它属于静不定机构。通过过约束理论分析，消除机构中的过约束，使其成为静定机构，能够实现无障碍装配。然而，在实际运行过程中，机构可能新生运动约束，又出现过约束，它能否避免自锁现象，自动调整位置和姿态，时时处于静定状态，还要进行自调性分析。研究表明，自调性机构设计一般要先消除几何过约束，再分析运动过程中的各种外部约束能否形成新的过约束。     

空间杆组结构分析及全部零阶杆组的分类

应用螺旋理论从杆组的角度进行空间机构的结构分析,推导出各阶机构的结构公式.根据空间杆组的公共约束数确定空间杆组的阶数,空间杆组所包含的构件数确定空间杆组的级数.利用空间杆组的结构公式,按照阶数与级数对其分类,综合出零阶Ⅲ级以下的所有空间杆组.通过杆组结构分析,为空间机构的创新设计提供了理论依据.     

最小尺寸直动平底从动杆平面凸轮机构的设计方法

通过推导和建立直动平底从动杆平面凸轮机构凸轮廓线全部外凸的通用公式并分析之，研究解决了按凸轮廓线全部外凸兼按许用压力角设计最小尺寸的直动平底从动杆平面凸轮机构的课题。     

关于自由度的计算

关于自由度的计算,已经引起了世界上许多学者的注意。本文提出了“根据机械系统的闭合特点,割断机架分析末杆运动,在同一瞬时把末杆与机架焊接,重新形成原机械系统”的理论,来计算机械系统(包括机构、结构)的自由度。本文阐明了机械系统中的静不定次数和自由度数的内在联系;为判断机械系统能否实现有限位移提供了必要性判据,同时为判定机械系统是否能作为结构提供了充分性判据;揭示了静不定和自由度的物理意义;严格地证明了把机构分成六个族是错误的,机构分族的观点是毫无意义的。根据上述理论,我们导出了闭合数计算公式、自由度数计算公式以及静不定次数计算公式。用这些公式可以毫无例外地按机械系统(包括机构、结构)的构造,正确地计算出它的自由度数和静不定次数。     

对原动件为非连架杆的平面机构的分析研究

对原动件为非连架杆的平面机构中的含有液压气动元件的结构进行分析，给出其杆组的独特分法；通过举例说明了如何利用已知的相对运动对机构进行速度、加速度分析及注意点。     

确定平面机构自由度的新方法──逐次设定连架杆法

由机构具有确定运动的条件出发，分析了运动副对构件轨迹的约束情况，得出机构具有确定相对运动的必要条件：（１）在运动过程中相连接两构件运动副处的轨迹应相同；（２）相连接两构件上的点的相对运动要满足运动副对构件的约束条件，提出了逐次设定连架杆法，以不满足必要条件前所设定的连架杆数来确定机构的自由度数。其特点是可以不考虑机构是否存在局部自由度、复合铰链、虚约束和公共约束，就能确定机构的自由度。     

确定平面机构自由度的新方法——逐次设定的连架杆法

由机构具有确定运动的条件出发，分析了运动副对构件轨迹的约束情况，得出机构具有确定相对运动的必要条件：（１）在运动过程中相连接两构件运动副处的轨迹应相同；（２）相连接两构件上的点的相对运动要满足运动副对构件的约束条件，提出了还次设定连架杆法，以不满足必要条件前所设定的连架杆数来确定机构的自由度数，其特点是可以不考虑机构是否存在局部自由度、复合铰链、虚约束和公共约束，就能确定机构的自由度。     

超塑性与耗散结构

以Ｚｎ－５Ａｌ合金为例，从能量观点出发对其超塑性进行了研究，结果表明，其超塑性拉伸延伸率达５００％，其低抗力、无颈缩、均匀变形能力表明了变形过程协调的高度有序性──耗散结构，其本质是系统自由能的平衡过程。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has