谈谈中国的工程建设监理

改革开放，随着中国经济持续发展，加入WTO，各行业都必须与国际接轨，工程建设监理也应该有新的发展。本文首先阐述了我国监理的过去，分析了我国监理行业的现状与特点，分析了国外监理行业的特点。通过两者对比，找出我国监理与国外的差距。其次现代科学技术的发展，计算机在工程建设监理中的应用和它的作用。最后提出了我国监理行业的发展方向，才能在国际竞争中有优势。     

设计单位在通信铁塔工程建设中的监理作用

通信铁塔工程的特点决定了监理工作应该贯穿于工程建设的各个阶段。实践证明．设计单位由于较早地介入工程建设，由它承担铁塔工程建设监理工作对于控制工程质量和规范行业管理具有一定优势。     

浅谈影响监理行业发展的若干问题

本文论述了工程建设监理行业自诞生以来各阶段的作用和使命及26年的行业历程中影响其发展的若干问题,并就目前我国监理行业和现状,借鉴发达国家监理行业的发展历史指出了今后监理行业发展需要不懈努力的方向、全行业同仁在制度和体制上需要解决和探索的问题.     

我国监理制度发展之我见

工程监理行业20世纪80年代末才兴起的一个全新的行业，虽然经过近20年的发展，取得了长足的发展，但目前仍存在一些问题。本文从工程建设监理制的实际出发，了解中国监理制度现状，分析了工程建设监理制中存在的问题，结合国外CM监理制度，提出了解决中国监理制度问题的策略。     

式论我国的工程建设监理制度

工程建设监理对保障和促进我国建筑业的发展的作用正愈来愈重要，然而，在实际操作中，工程建设监理在管理中出现诸多问题已经影响了行业的健康发展，因此要摆脱这种困境，要从根源上查找原因，并逐步规范。     

建设工程监理浅析

工程建设监理制是我国工程建设管理体制的重大改革，本文就工程建设监理的内涵，工程建设监理依据，建设各阶段监理工作，监理主要的服务内容、措施等进行了初步探讨。     

关于建筑工程监理企业发展的几点建议——基于上海建科建设监理咨询有限公司

工程监理制度自推行以来,在工程建设中取得了巨大效益,但监理行业仍存在诸多问题,这直接影响到监理企业的发展。本文从规范化和标准化管理、优秀专业工程师培养、监理企业业务拓展三个方面探讨监理企业的发展。     

我国建设工程监理行业的应对措施分析

建设工程监理经过18年的发展,取得了明显的社会效益,但也存在一些问题。例如监理服务的低层次重复与无差异化行为,低价中标竞争等导致监理行业恶性循环发展,监理工作不能充分发挥提高工程建设投资效益和社会效益的作用．阻碍了我国监理行业的发展．本文针对我国建设工程监理行业目前状况提出应对措施,供同行业参考。     

水利工程项目实施阶段监理的质量控制

《工程建设监理规定》中指出,工程建设监理的主要内容是控制工程建设的投资、建设工期和工程质量;《水利工程建设监理规定》按监理合同对建设项目投资、工期和质量一凉醒控制,本文从项目实施阶段监理的质量控制涉及的诸方面,论述了施工准备、项目建设实施和工程验收各阶段质量控制。     

水利工程施工监理的质量控制

《工程建设监理规定》中指出,工程建设监理的主要内容是控制工程建设的投资、建设工期和工程质量;《水利工程建设监理规定》按监理合同对建设项目投资、工期和质量进行控制,本文从项目实施阶段监理的质量控制涉及的诸方面,论述了施工准备、项目建设实施和工程验收各阶段质量控制。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to