基于改进人工势场法的动态环境下无人机路径规划

基于传统人工势场法,在相对位置引力场和斥力场函数中分别引入目标与障碍物的速度矢量,将其位置动态变化信息融入在改进后的相对速度引力场和斥力场中,引入相对位置引力、相对速度引力、相对位置斥力、相对速度斥力等比例调节因子,建立改进后的人工势场函数及多障碍物合力函数,并在模拟环境下进行仿真。结果表明,该改进人工势场法能满足无人机在目标与障碍物动态变化条件下的路径规划的安全性、实时性和可达性,并提高了动态环境中无人机的跟踪与避障速度。     

基于改进人工势场法的智能车辆避撞路径规划

针对传统人工势场法存在道路边界势场不完善和局部最优问题，文章提出一种改进人工势场法的智能车辆避撞路径规划。引入道路势场函数来描述道路边界，设立虚拟目标点来摆脱局部最优，建立道路环境模型；为了根据周边环境和车辆状态进行实时规划，设计分层避撞路径规划控制器，将道路环境模型引入上层路径规划器的目标函数中，利用模型预测控制(model predictive control, MPC)的优化算法规划出局部避撞路径，再将路径信息输入到下层跟踪控制器进行跟踪。MATLAB/Simulink与CarSim联合仿真实验结果表明，该避撞路径规划对于静态障碍物和动态障碍物都可以规划出平滑无碰撞的路径，保证车辆行驶的稳定性和安全性。     

基于势场法的无人车局部动态避障路径规划算法

根据无人车动态实时避障的需求,提出一种基于人工势场法的局部避障路径规划算法,通过改进势场环境及势场力来解决传统势场法局部极小值和目标不可达的问题. 考虑车辆碰撞安全性,对侧向动态障碍物和同向动态障碍物工况进行分析,采用动态窗口法进行实时动态避障规划. 同时为保证规划路径的平滑性和可跟踪性,采用贝塞尔曲线对轨迹进行平滑处理. 最后,在CarSim和Matlab/Simulink 联合仿真平台下,对所提出的控制算法进行验证. 仿真结果表明了规划算法的避障有效性、安全性以及可跟踪性.      

基于MPC的智能车辆路径规划与跟踪控制

针对在障碍物环境下的避障路径动态规划效果较差,以及在面对复杂工况和曲率较大的路况时,跟踪控制的效果仍然不理想等问题,本文以智能车辆为研究对象,提出了一种模型预测控制(MPC)结合人工势场(APF)算法的路径规划跟踪系统。将改进的势场模型函数引入到MPC的目标函数和约束中,设计了基于MPC和APF的避障路径动态规划器。。运用模糊控制对MPC的车辆横向路径跟踪控制器的权重系数进行优化。仿真结果表明：在干燥路面下,与MPC控制器相比,模糊MPC路径跟踪控制器的最大横向偏差减少19.14%。在湿润路面下,模糊MPC控制器最大横向偏差减少0.55 m。基于MATLAB/Simulink与Carsim软件搭建避障路径规划与跟踪控制联合仿真模型,选择动态障碍物不同速度进行障碍物路径动态规划及跟踪控制仿真试验。实验结果表明：跟踪规划路径过程中的最大横向偏差约为0.170 m,说明规划的避障路径能够安全有效地避开障碍物。     

基于改进人工势场法的机织机器人避障路径规划

针对机织机器人自动化作业时的避障问题,提出基于改进人工势场法的三维避障路径规划算法。利用改进人工势场法中斥力势场函数,引入修正系数,在机织机器人陷入局部极小值点时增加虚拟障碍物,破坏其在虚拟力下的平衡状态,解决了人工势场法无法到达目标位置和局部极小值点的问题。通过体素化网格方法和快速凸包算法处理障碍物点云数据,重建实际障碍物模型,提高了碰撞检测效率。仿真结果表明,以点云数据重建障碍物模型并采用改进人工势场算法规划出的避障路径使机织机器人成功到达目标位置,末端位置精度平均提高37%,并避免陷入局部极小值点。     

基于改进人工势场的智能车动态避障算法

针对传统人工势场法在动态环境中易与障碍物发生碰撞的问题,采用了一种适用于动态环境的改进型人工势场法。通过进行局部极小值检测并增设虚拟子目标点,解决了传统人工势场法存在的局部最优问题;通过引入智能车和目标点的相对距离因子对障碍物的斥力势场进行调控,使目标点处的合力势场为全局最小值,减少了障碍物在目标点附近对智能车的影响,使智能车顺利到达目标点;通过在斥力势场函数中引入障碍物相对速度势场和道路边界势场,解决了动态障碍物条件下人工势场法经常面临的碰撞问题。仿真实验结果显示,改进后的人工势场算法可以在动态障碍物环境中规划出一条安全可靠的行驶路径。     

复杂环境中移动机器人路径规划

分析了传统人工势场法存在的缺陷,提出一种沿斥力场等势线环绕障碍物避障的移动机器人路径规划算法.仿真实验结果表明:该算法在复杂环境中路径规划方面能够获得较好的效果.     

水下多障碍区域机器人的路线规划模型优化设计

水下多障碍区域中障碍物数量较多,且具有随机性和实时性的特点,传统模型依据起始点、目标点及障碍物顶点等建立可视图,一旦障碍物发生变化则需重新构图,无法适应障碍物的随机性,规划的机器人运行路线臃长,提出一种基于改进人工势场法的水下多障碍区域机器人路线规划模型,通过引力场与斥力场的负梯度描述引力和斥力,获取人工势场对机器人的作用力,建立人工势场模型。通过对人工势场斥力函数的优化设计,解决机器人障碍物附近目标不可达的问题;通过障碍物连接法解决人工势场模型的局部最小值问题,使机器人尽快走出局部最小值区域。实验结果表明,所提模型不仅能够有效避开障碍物,而且规划路径较短,效率高。     

利用改进人工势场法的智能车避障路径规划

为解决智能车避障路径规划中采用人工势场法易陷入局部极小值的问题,采用改进的人工势场法进行智能车避障规划方法,通过调整势力场范围、改进斥力势函数和动态调整斥力场系数对人工势场法进行改进,解决陷入局部极小值的情况.研究结果表明:改进后的方法大大减小了智能车陷入局部极小值的概率,增加了避障的准确性.研究结论对提高复杂环境中智能车避障路径选择的准确性和实时性有重要意义.     

移动机器人避障路径规划改进人工势场法

针对路径规划中的大型障碍物,机器人、障碍物与目标点三者一线,以及局部最小值等困难问题,提出了相应的改进人工势场算法。针对大型障碍物问题,采用障碍物边界斥力算法改进传统人工势场斥力函数,确保算法的实用性。针对机器人、障碍物与目标点三者在同一条直线时目标不可达问题,应用虚拟子目标引力算法,确保目标点是机器人的势场全局最小点,使得机器人能顺利到达目标点。针对在障碍物环境下的局部最小值问题,采用区域隔离障碍物的方法,使机器人快速走出局部最小值区域。仿真结果验证了改进算法的有效性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with