干用辣椒RAPD—PCR反应体系正交优化的研究

以干用辣椒幼苗为材料,研究了干用辣椒RAPD分析过程中的Taq酶、Mg^2＋,dNTPs、引物、模板DNA浓度、退火温度等影响因素,建立适合干用辣椒RAPD反应的PCR体系,即25μL反应体系中含有解体Taq酶1．5U、Mg^2＋2．5mmol／L,dNTPs0．6mmol／L、引物0．8μmol／L、模板DNA60ng．扩增程序为：94℃预变性4min;94℃变性1min,37℃退火1min,72％延伸1．5min,40个循环;最后72℃副延伸5min．     

水稻基因组DNA的RAPD扩增研究

通过对水稻RAPD反应条件比较研究，建立了对除草剂敏感致死水稻RAPD的最适反应体系和反应扩增程序，即在25止反应体系中，含10mmol／LTris-HCl(pH8．0)，10mmol／LKCI，8mmol／L(NH4)2804，0．05％NP-40，2．0mmol／LMgCl2，0．1mmol／L(each)dTNPs，20ng引物，20ng基因组DNA，1．5U的Taq酶。反应扩增程序为：94℃变性2min；扩增40个循环，每循环包括：94℃变性10s，40℃退火30s，72℃延伸1．5min；最终延伸5min。     

均匀设计优化黑木相思ISSR-PCR体系

采用均匀设计,对影响黑木相思ISSR-PCR体系的引物、Mg2 、dNTP、Taq DNA聚合酶和模板DNA浓度等进行5因素5水平和5因素3水平两轮优化,建立了适合于黑木相思ISSR-PCR的体系:在20μL反应体系中,含引物0.30μmol.L-1,Mg2 3.00 mmol.L-1,dNTP 0.15 mmol.L-1,Taq DNA聚合酶0.75U,模板DNA 2.00 ng.μL-1.在此基础上对扩增程序中的循环次数、退火温度、退火时间进行筛选,获得的扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;接着进行33个循环:94℃变性35 s,52~61.5℃退火52 s,72℃延伸90 s;循环结束后,72℃延伸10 min.同时筛选得到10个扩增稳定、多态性丰富的ISSR引物.     

赤松ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

为了建立赤松ISSR-PCR反应体系,利用正交试验分别对影响赤松PCR反应的dNTP浓度、Mg~(2+)浓度、Taq酶浓度、引物浓度、模板浓度进行了优化,并通过梯度PCR确定引物的最佳退火温度和循环次数.最终确定赤松ISSR-PCR最佳反应体系及扩增条件为:25μL反应体系中含2.5μL 10×PCR Buffer、3 mmol·L~(-1)dNTP、1.5 mmol·L~(-1)Mg~(2+)、0.5 U Taq酶、0.3μmol·L~(-1)引物、9 ng模板;扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min,然后进行94℃变性30 s,55℃退火45 s(退火温度随引物不同而变化),72℃延伸2 min,35个循环,最后72℃延伸7 min.这一ISSR-PCR反应体系,为今后利用ISSR技术对赤松进行物种分类鉴定奠定了基础.     

真藓科(Bryaceae)植物RAPD反应体系的建立

真藓科植物的分子系统学研究是藓类植物研究中的新热点,RAPD是分子系统学研究中被广泛采用的一项重要技术.为了开展真藓科植物的分子系统学研究,通过单因素实验结合正交实验建立了适于该科植物的RAPD最佳反应体系:dNTP为0.2 mmol/L,随机引物0.4μmol/L,Taq DNA聚合酶1.25 U,Mg2 为2 mmol/L,模板DNA为50 ng,扩增体系为25μL.确定扩增程序:95℃预变性7min;94℃变性1min,36℃退火1min,72℃延伸2 min,40个循环;72℃终延伸7 min.并利用该体系从200条随机引物中筛选出了31条高度多态性的引物.     

流苏石斛ISSR-PCR反应体系的优化

以流苏石斛为材料,对影响ISSR-PCR扩增结果的因素进行了探讨,建立了适合流苏石斛ISSR-PCR分析的最佳反应体系.在20μL反应体系中含1×buffer,2.0 mmol/L Mg2+,1.0 mmol/L dNTP s,1.0μmol/L引物,0.5 UTaqDNA聚合酶,10 ng模板DNA.扩增程序为:94℃预变性5 min;94℃变性45 s,50℃退火45 s,72℃延伸45 s,共35个循环;最后72℃延伸7 min.     

铁皮石斛野生居群研究(Ⅳ):RAPD反应体系的构建与优化

为获得铁皮石斛RAPD的最佳反应体系,本文对影响RAPD反应的模板含量、Mg2+浓度、dNTP浓度、Taq酶浓度、扩增程序及退火温度等多种因子进行了构建与优化.通过各因子的组合研究,我们得到铁皮石斛RAPD反应最适扩增体系是:25μLPCR反应体积,10×Buffer 2.5μL,2.5 mmol/L MgC l2,dNTP 2.5μL(各2.5mmol/L),模板DNA为30 ng,Taq聚合酶1.5 U,随机引物12 pmol,ddH2O 14.2μL.最佳扩增程序:94℃预变性3m in,94℃变性50 s,38℃复性1 m in,72℃延伸2 m in,循环40次;最后72℃延伸5 m in.4℃保存.     

新疆杏品种自交不亲和S-RNase基因PCR扩增体系的优化

以3个新疆杏品种的叶片为试材,以其叶片基因组DNA为模板,分别对PCR扩增体系中的10×Buffer(含Mg2+)、dNTP、上下游引物、TaqDNA聚合酶和退火温度5个因素设计6个梯度,研究了新疆杏品种自交不亲和S-RNase基因PCR扩增条件,建立其优化的PCR扩增体系。研究结果表明:其扩增程序为94℃预变性5min,94℃变性45s,52℃退火45s,72℃延伸2min,35个循环后72℃延伸10min,25μL反应体系10×Buffer(含Mg2+)2.5μL,dNTP0.08mmol/L,上下引物0.16μmol/L,DNA80ng,DNA聚合酶1μL,此为最优的反应体系。     

狗脊蕨(Woodwardia japonica(L.F.)Sm)基因组DNA提取与随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)的优化

以狗脊蕨新鲜叶片为材料,使用改良的CTAB法提取其基因组DNA,通过单因子实验优化了各反应物的浓度,即在25μL总反应体系,Mg2 (2.5 mmol/L),dNTPs(200 mmol/L),DNA(15 ng),Taq酶(1.5 U),引物(0.15μmmol/L),扩增程序为:94℃预变性1 min,然后94℃变性1 min,39℃退火1min,72℃延伸2 min,40个循环,最后72℃延伸10 min,4℃保存.狗脊RAPD条件优化为分析狗脊蕨的遗传多样性打下稳定的基础.     

欧洲甜樱桃RAPD反应体系的建立与优化

以欧洲甜樱桃萨米托品种为研究对象,利用改进的CTAB法提取基因组DNA,并通过单因素多水平梯度试验,筛选了模板、Mg2＋、TaqE、dNTPs和随机引物的浓度及用量,建立了欧洲甜樱桃RAPD技术扩增体系．研究结果表明,在25出反应体系中,各组分最佳的浓度分别为：10×Buffer2．5μl,2．5mmol·L^-1Mg2＋2．5μl,Taq E0．06U·μl^-1,0．2mmol·L^-1dNTPs,0．2μmol·L^-1Primer,模板DNAl．2ng·μl^-1．PCR循环程序为：94℃预变性4min。94℃变性40s,36℃退火45s,72℃延伸1min,共36个循环,最后72℃延伸7min．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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