金刚石表面金属化

主要介绍了金刚石表面金属化原理、模型及作用,以及金刚石表面金属化的几种制备方法:化学镀加电镀、真空物理气相沉积镀、化学气相镀、真空蒸发镀、粉末覆盖烧结镀覆,并对各种镀覆方法的镀覆特征和应用效果作了比较.从应用情况看,真空微蒸发镀覆技术、粉末覆盖烧结镀覆和低温电镀均可以显著提高工具寿命.     

用TEOSPECVD氧化硅做掩蔽层选择性生长金刚石薄膜

本文研究了在ＨＦ—ＣＶＤ法中，衬底温度Ｔｓ对ＰＥＴＥＯＳ（等离子体增强正硅酸乙酯）氧化硅—硅衬底上选择性生长金刚石薄膜的影响。结果表明：Ｔｓ变化影响ＰＥＴＥＯＳ氧化硅掩蔽层区域和硅表面金刚石晶粒成核密度。Ｔｓ较低时（７５０—８２０℃），ＰＥＴＥＯＳ氧化硅区域成核密度远小于裸露硅表面；随Ｔｓ升高（＞８２０℃），氧化硅区域成核密度增加很快；当Ｔｓ＞８５０℃时，氧化硅区域成核密度超过硅表面。     

Desorption-ionization mass spectrometry on porous silicon.

Desorption mass spectrometry has undergone significant improvements since the original experiments were performed more than 90 years ago. The most dramatic change occurred in the early 1980s with the introduction of an organic matrix to transfer energy to the analyte. This reduces ion fragmentation but also introduces background ions from the matrix. Here we describe a matrix-free strategy for biomolecular mass spectrometry based on pulsed-laser desorption-ionization from a porous silicon surface. Our method uses porous silicon to trap analytes deposited on the surface, and laser irradiation to vaporize and ionize them. We show that the method works at femtomole and attomole levels of analyte, and induces little or no fragmentation, in contrast to what is typically observed with other such approaches. The ability to perform these measurements without a matrix also makes it more amenable to small-molecule analysis. Chemical and structural modification of the porous silicon has enabled optimization of the ionization characteristics of the surface. Our technique offers good sensitivity as well as compatibility with silicon-based microfluidics and microchip technologies.     

A silicon neuron.

By combining neurophysiological principles with silicon engineering, we have produced an analog integrated circuit with the functional characteristics of real nerve cells. Because the physics underlying the conductivity of silicon devices and biological membranes is similar, the 'silicon neuron' is able to emulate efficiently the ion currents that cause nerve impulses and control the dynamics of their discharge. It operates in real-time and consumes little power, and many 'neurons' can be fabricated on a single silicon chip. The silicon neuron represents a step towards constructing artificial nervous systems that use more realistic principles of neuronal computation than do existing electronic neuronal networks.     

细粒度金刚石砂轮表面磨粒识别研究

准确地评价砂轮表面形貌对磨削机理研究、磨削过程优化、磨削过程的建模与仿真等具有重要意义,而准确的磨粒识别是砂轮形貌测量和评价的关键. 对超精密磨削所用细粒度金刚石砂轮磨粒粒径的分布特点和砂轮表面上磨粒的轮廓波长进行了分析. 从采样间隔和取样面积的角度对金刚石砂轮表面三维形貌测量仪器的选择进行了探讨. 应用数字滤波消除砂轮表面三维数字信息中的高频分量,然后提取金刚石磨粒的几何特征,提出了依据磨粒轮廓频率特征、磨粒间距和磨粒曲率半径识别金刚石磨粒的方法. 采用基于扫描白光干涉原理的三维表面轮廓仪?3000金刚石砂轮表面形貌进行了测量,对砂轮表面中包含的金刚石磨粒进行了识别,实验结果证明所提出的磨粒识别方法合理有效.     

球形金刚石的生长机理研究

用热丝化学气相沉积设备研究了钢渗铬层、P-Si（100）基片和三氧化二铝基底表面形成的球形金刚石．研究结果表明：在不适合球形金刚石形成的工艺爷件下,在P-Si（100）基片和三氧化二铝表面沉积的晶形很好的金刚石膜中也存在球形金刚石团块（称为异常长大金刚石团块）;首次使用金刚石“异常晶核”解释了异常长大金刚石团块的形成．球形金刚石膜由异常长大金刚石团块组成．异常长大金刚石团块的形成不但与沉积工艺参数有关,而且与CVD金刚石生长特性有关．     

Field electron emission of diamond films on nanocrystalline diamond coating by CVD method

Generally, nucleation and growth of diamond were difficult on substrates without being pretreated when diamond films were prepared with the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. To improve nucleation, two methods were adopted; one is mechanically treating sur-faces of substrates with superhard particles, the other is introducing substrate bias to the substrates. However, these two processes were difficult to bring about industri-alization owing to their complicated procedures and the diffic…     

铜基底上外延生长金刚石薄膜的密度泛函理论研究

基于密度泛函理论对铜上外延生长的金刚石薄膜的几何结构及其能量特征进行了计算,计算结果表明外延生长金刚石薄膜的几何参数与体金刚石的几何参数相似(特别是(111)面);在铜多晶基体的<111>方向更有利于金刚石薄膜的外延生长.     

Epitaxial self-assembly of block copolymers on lithographically defined nanopatterned substrates

Parallel processes for patterning densely packed nanometre-scale structures are critical for many diverse areas of nanotechnology. Thin films of diblock copolymers can self-assemble into ordered periodic structures at the molecular scale (approximately 5 to 50 nm), and have been used as templates to fabricate quantum dots, nanowires, magnetic storage media, nanopores and silicon capacitors. Unfortunately, perfect periodic domain ordering can only be achieved over micrometre-scale areas at best and defects exist at the edges of grain boundaries. These limitations preclude the use of block-copolymer lithography for many advanced applications. Graphoepitaxy, in-plane electric fields, temperature gradients, and directional solidification have also been demonstrated to induce orientation or long-range order with varying degrees of success. Here we demonstrate the integration of thin films of block copolymer with advanced lithographic techniques to induce epitaxial self-assembly of domains. The resulting patterns are defect-free, are oriented and registered with the underlying substrate and can be created over arbitrarily large areas. These structures are determined by the size and quality of the lithographically defined surface pattern rather than by the inherent limitations of the self-assembly process. Our results illustrate how hybrid strategies to nanofabrication allow for molecular level control in existing manufacturing processes.     

偏振方向对H型金纳米结构光热性质影响的研究

采用离散偶极近似方法(DDA)计算了在不同偏振方向的入射光激励下,H型金纳米结构在水介质环境中的共振吸收光谱及近区电磁场分布;在此基础上,利用付里叶热传导定律数值模拟了该结构产生的热效应。结果表明:该金属纳米结构在近红外波段存在两个主要等离激元共振模式,在单一波长的共振光激励下,改变入射光的偏振方向可调节吸收峰值大小;同时,也可以有效地调节结构的近场电磁场耦合作用,在结构周围形成高度限定的局域热增强现象,在较大的温差范围内调控该结构及其周围介质环境的局域温度。     

不同溶剂中三聚茚酮在基底表面的可控自组装纳米结构

三聚茚酮被合成后用于研究在不同溶剂中的自组装行为.通过扫描电镜观察可知,更换不同的溶剂,三聚茚酮分子随着溶剂的挥发在衬底表面自组装成不同的结构.研究结果表明,选用较高的极性和沸点的溶剂有利于三聚茚酮分子的叠加,分子排列成形状规整的纳米线结构.这种结构在有机薄膜器件中进一步的应用还在探索当中.     

水热法合成MoO_2纳米结构的形貌控制研究

氧化钼纳米材料因其特殊的性能和应用价值而备受关注,广泛应用于催化剂、显示设备、传感器、智能窗、电池电极和润滑油等领域.水热法是合成纳米材料的有效方法.以钼酸铵为原料,采用水热法在酸性条件下制备了MoO2纳米线和MoO2纳米球.对合成的纳米结构进行XRD、SEM、TEM表征,讨论了酒石酸的用量、pH值和反应温度等条件对纳米结构形成的影响.研究结果表明,随着酒石酸在混合溶液中用量增加,产物从MoO3纳米带转化为MoO2纳米线和MoO2纳米球.酒石酸对特殊产物的形貌和相行为起重要的作用.根据实验探究,提出了钼的氧化物从纳米带到纳米线和纳米球的转变机理.     

复合磁电垒纳米结构中的电子自旋过滤器

采用转移矩阵法,我们研究了在偏压存在的情况下,由沉积在InAs半导体异质结上的两条铁磁条带和一条肖特基金属条带构建的电子自旋过滤器中电子的自旋过滤特性.研究发现,该电子自旋过滤器中,电子自旋极化的大小和幅度与偏压密切相关,这些有趣的性质对如何制造一个偏压可调的电子自旋过滤器十分有益.     

聚晶金刚石研磨机理研究

通过 PCD表面干研磨、湿研磨、钝湿研磨等对比试验 ,观察干研磨、湿研磨表面形貌 ,研究了 PCD材料研磨机理 .试验结果表明 ,干研磨去除率远大于湿研磨去除率 ,并可使 PCD表面达到镜面 ;湿研磨、钝湿研磨不能使其达到镜面 .干研磨时 ,材料的去除机理以热化学去除为主 ,基本不发生疲劳脆性去除 ;湿研磨时 ,材料去除机理以疲劳脆性去除为主 ,同时存在局部的热化学去除     

金刚石排列模式对钻进时效的影响

 研究金刚石宏观排列模式与金刚石钻头碎岩的时效关系, 不仅有助于设计有序排列金刚石钻头, 而且有利于更好地理解金刚石有序排列下岩石的破碎机理。本文应用ANSYS-LSDYNA 有限元软件对3 种不同金刚石排列模式(弧形排列、均匀排列和射线排列)的平底孕镶金刚石钻头进行孔底碎岩模拟研究, 考察金刚石的排列模式对其钻进时效的影响, 并对采用钎焊法试制的3 种有序排列金刚石钻头进行室内钻进试验。研究表明, 3 种钻头的钻进时效由高到低分别为弧形排列、均匀排列和射线排列钻头, 室内钻进试验结果与数值模拟结果吻合较好。     

Raman spectral research on MPCVD diamond film

Raman spectra of MPCVD diamond film have been studied. Based on the resonance size selection effect, we think that there is no nano-crystalline diamond in the sample and the Raman peak at 1145 cm-~ can not be considered as the characteristic peak of nano-crystalline diamond though it has been used as the characteristic peak of nano-crystalline diamond widely for many years.     

基于DNA纳米结构的药物递送系统用于癌症治疗的研究进展

DNA作为生物界中用于传递遗传信息的物质,具有良好的生物相容性.因此,以DNA为模板自组装的DNA纳米结构在无转染剂时能顺利通过细胞膜,且高效无毒.与其他纳米材料相比,DNA纳米结构还具有高度的可编程性和精确的可寻址性,体内稳定性和易于修饰等优点.近年来,随着DNA纳米结构的发展,其特异性的靶向识别能力以及高载药量的优...