共轨柴油机轨压控制研究

研究高压共轨柴油机共轨压力的控制策略及其控制参数优化.分析了调压阀特性及其控制参数,研究了调压阀控制频率、共轨压力采样周期和压力闭环调节周期对压力控制的影响及共轨压力对发动机性能的影响,确立了发动机全工况目标轨压控制策略.发动机台架试验表明,选取的调压阀控制频率、轨压采样周期、压力闭环控制周期及轨压的发动机匹配、修正策略可满足共轨柴油机的要求.     

基于流量特性的共轨系统前馈式压力控制策略研究

研究高压共轨柴油机关键部件对共轨压力的影响和极端工况下共轨压力的控制.分析高压共轨系统的油泵流量特性、燃油泄漏量和电磁阀特性等对共轨压力的影响,采用前馈式控制策略通过调节出油阀流量实现轨压的控制.实验结果表明,该方法对于不同类型的电磁阀具有很好的适应性,针对喷油量变化很大的工况能提前做出反应,实现快速、稳定和准确地控制压力.     

基于模型的车用柴油机轨压控制器设计及试验验证

针对现代车用柴油机高压共轨燃油系统在全工况范围内连续瞬态过程的轨压控制问题,提出了一种基于模型的轨压控制器.通过对高压共轨燃油系统轨压变化基本原理的分析,设计了一种基于模型的轨压前馈控制算法,并基于发动机转速和轨压偏差设计了轨压分段PID反馈控制算法.利用ETAS公司ASCET软件实现了该轨压控制器,在与自主高压共轨柴油机ECU进行集成后,开展了发动机台架和整车道路试验.试验结果表明:该轨压控制器在稳态过程可将轨压控制在±1.5,MPa波动范围之内,在连续瞬态过程可将轨压控制在±3.5,MPa波动范围之内,具备快速响应性、动态跟踪、高稳定性和高可靠性功能,满足全工况范围内轨压控制要求,为工程实际用轨压控制器设计奠定了基础.     

高压共轨式电控柴油机共轨压力的控制方法

为了对柴油机高压共轨式燃油喷射系统的共轨燃油压力进行准确、实时的控制以及满足喷油量和喷油压力柔性控制的需要,在对系统建模的基础上,提出并设计了共轨燃油压力神经网络模糊PID控制方法,并与其他控制方法进行比较.仿真结果表明:采用神经网络模糊PID控制器效果好,跟踪速度快,无静差,抗扰动性强.     

超高压共轨系统电控单元研究与设计

分析了基于燃油增压器的超高压共轨系统的工作原理,针对基于燃油增压器的超高压共轨系统,利用高性能微控制器MPC5634对超高压共轨系统电控单元进行研究.设计了基于电流反馈控制的电磁阀智能驱动控制电路,利用单片机内置的增强型时间处理单元研究了发动机正时同步和时序控制方法,基于CAN总线和LabVIEW开发了监测标定系统.利用监测标定系统和逻辑分析仪对电控单元开展了软件测试,结果表明电控单元工作稳定可靠;借助压力测试系统和喷油规律测试仪开展了台架试验,结果表明超高压共轨系统能够产生220 MPa的超高压燃油和靴形喷油率.     

共轨压力对柴油机噪声及声品质的影响

以某493型柴油机为例研究共轨压力的提高对发动机噪声及声品质的影响机理。对发动机转速1 600 r/min和2 600 r/min全负荷工况下不同共轨压力的发动机噪声和缸内压力进行试验测量,对比不同轨压下的发动机噪声和声品质客观评价指标,并通过燃烧噪声的分析对其影响机理进行研究。最后,从发动机结构衰减和燃烧噪声方面对降噪提出方案。研究结果表明:提高轨压后,发动机整机噪声增大,高频范围更加明显;噪声响度、粗糙度和尖锐度升高;主要原因是轨压的提升使滞燃期内产生更多的可燃混合气,使得缸内压力、高频振荡幅值、压力升高率和放热率增大,燃烧更剧烈,导致燃烧噪声变大,主要体现在高频范围。     

高压共轨系统高压泵试验台轨压控制方法

针对高压泵性能检测系统对轨压控制精度要求比实际车用系统高得多的情况,分析了共轨高压泵性能检测的要求,采用压力控制阀代替喷油器,避免了喷油器喷油产生的轨压波动和流量脉动对测试精度的影响.建立了试验台轨压控制模型,研究了轨压控制策略,以可驱动压力控制阀的试验控制器代替电控单元(ECU).根据系统的特点设计了以TMS320LF2407 数字信号处理器(DSP)为核心,采用模糊自整定PID控制算法的数字控制器.经试验验证,流量控制阀的电流控制误差小于0.2%,试验台轨压控制误差小于0.4%,满足了高压泵性能检测的要求.     

二甲醚发动机低压共轨系统轨压特性研究

以二甲醚发动机燃油系统为研究对象,建立发动机低压共轨系统的仿真模型,分析影响共轨管压力建立时间和压力波动的主要因素,并探讨了共轨管内的燃油压力特性。结果表明,共轨管的容积、内径、长度、长径比、油泵供油压力对共轨压力特性的影响较大,合理地选择共轨管尺寸和供油压力,既能维持共轨压力的稳定,也能保持较短的压力响应时间。     

电控柴油机共轨管进出油口位置对喷油压力波动的影响

现代电控柴油机共轨内压力的瞬态波动会直接影响到燃油喷射系统喷油量的均衡.采用AVL公司的workspace 4.0软件建立了燃油喷射系统模型,设定不同进出油口的连接方式,分析了电控柴油机共轨管进油口在不同位置时对喷射压力波动产生的影响.     

基于模型的高压共轨柴油机轨压控制

为满足新型低温预混合燃烧柴油机燃烧模式切换时的瞬态轨压控制的要求,在结合传统PID控制算法的基础上,提出了一种基于模型的共轨轨压控制结构。通过建立包括轨道、喷油器、高压泵和ECU(engine control unit)驱动特性的共轨系统的前馈物理模型,配合燃油泄漏补偿模块,并应用控制质量评估和切换策略,使得该方法不仅结合了传统PID算法稳定可靠的优点,还具有响应快、不超调以及标定简单等新特点。实验结果表明:该控制算法明显改善了瞬态过程中的轨压控制精度并能保证控制系统在实际应用中安全稳定的要求。目前该算法已应用于中国新一代低温预混合燃烧柴油机产品样机的开发。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.