臭氧催化氧化技术深度处理印染废水的研究

为了提高臭氧催化氧化技术在印染废水深度处理中的去除效率,提高催化剂的使用寿命,本研究利用混合法自制非均相催化剂,并考察了其在深度降解印染废水中橙黄G的应用.对废水初始pH、催化剂的投加量和臭氧投放速率3个过程参数进行了优化.研究结果表明,臭氧催化氧化降解橙黄G废水的最佳工艺参数是废水初始pH6～7、反应时间60 min,催化剂的投加量为300 g/L、臭氧投放速率为1.60 mg/(L·min).利用该工艺参数对某印染厂二沉池出水进行深度处理,60 min后出水COD为58.7 mg/L,COD去除率为67.4%,出水COD已经达到国家排放标准(GB18918—2002)的一级B标准.臭氧催化氧化降解橙黄G的过程符合一级反应动力学模型,反应速率常数随废水pH、臭氧投放速率及催化剂投加量的变化规律与单因素实验结果相吻合.     

射流曝气系统在氧化沟中的应用

氧化沟是目前应用比较广泛的污水处理工艺,对其研究主要集中在结构和附属设备上,尤其重视对曝气系统的研究。本文对当前氧化沟工艺中应用较广的表面曝气系统和微孔曝气系统进行了简单的分析,并提出了改进的新方法—射流间歇曝气。通过实例验证了该方法的可靠性,并进行了经济、环境的和社会效益分析,证明该系统将有广阔的应用前景。     

臭氧氧化法对颜料废水中苯胺的深度降解研究

酸性颜料废水采用"物理、微电解及生物"组合工艺处理后,出水水质中苯胺和色度仍无法满足CJ 343—2010《污水排入城镇下水道水质标准》的要求,故采用臭氧氧化法对其进行深度处理.实验研究了废水pH、臭氧投加速率、反应温度以及苯胺质量浓度对臭氧氧化该废水的影响.结果表明:臭氧氧化的最佳工艺条件为pH=5、反应温度298.15K、臭氧投加速率0.92mg/(L·min),反应13min后色度由100降至40,苯胺由25mg/L左右能稳定降到2mg/L以下,出水水质满足排放标准.同时,对臭氧降解苯胺进行动力学拟合,其结果符合一级动力学方程.     

石化废水深度处理技术的研究进展

随着环境保护要求的不断提高,特别是2015年颁布的《石油化学工业污染物排放标准》,将石化废水的COD排放限值由原来的100 mg.L-1提高至60 mg.L-1,我国石化废水的处理面临巨大的挑战。目前石化废水的处理主要以二级生物处理为核心,出水可生化性差,提标难度大。因此对生物处理出水进行深度处理,以满足新的排放标准,是当前石化企业的迫切需求。本文结合石化废水二级处理出水的特点,介绍了目前较为成熟的深度处理技术,包括吸附法、高级氧化法、膜分离技术、电催化氧化法,并特别介绍了曝气生物滤池(BAF)技术及其工业化应用情况。最后提出,臭氧氧化与BAF技术组合,具有效率高、经济性好的优点,在石化废水深度处理中具有广阔的应用前景。     

臭氧催化氧化深度处理造纸废水研究

为了考察臭氧催化氧化深度处理工艺对造纸废水的处理效果,采用臭氧单独氧化、O3/H2O2、O3/CeO2及O3/AC技术,考察其对水中UV254、COD的去除效果,同时分析了H2O2投加量对O3/H2O2氧化造纸废水效果的影响.实验结果表明,臭氧氧化具有很好的脱色及氧化水中UV254的效果;在本试验条件下,原水经过臭氧氧化10 min便可以完全褪去,UV254去除率最高可达58%左右;在O3/H2O2深度处理过程中,增加H2O2投加量只是略微提高了UV254去除率,但COD去除率反而降低.所以,在臭氧氧化某些造纸废水时,并不需要采用臭氧催化氧化技术,单独臭氧氧化便可以达到较理想效果.     

微气泡臭氧氧化处理酸性大红3R废水的影响因素

为了研究微气泡臭氧氧化技术处理废水的影响因素,采用微气泡臭氧氧化技术处理酸性大红3R废水,考察臭氧投加量、酸性大红3R废水初始浓度和投加活性炭对微气泡臭氧氧化过程中脱色率、TOC去除率、pH值以及臭氧利用率的影响。结果表明,提高臭氧投加量或降低酸性大红3R废水的初始浓度,酸性大红3R废水的脱色速率和TOC去除速率均有所上升,但臭氧利用率下降。煤质活性炭对微气泡臭氧氧化具有较强的催化活性,能够显著提高酸性大红3R废水的脱色速率和TOC去除速率。臭氧投加量为48.3 mg/min、酸性大红3R废水的初始质量浓度为100mg/L时,处理效果较好。此条件下,处理30min时脱色率达到100%,处理120min时TOC去除率达到78.0%,TOC去除表观反应速率常数为0.015min~(-1),臭氧利用率始终高于99%。而投加5g/L煤质活性炭后,处理15 min后脱色率达到100%,处理120 min时TOC去除率可达到91.2%,TOC去除表观反应速率常数提高至0.037min~(-1)。处理过程中出现中间产物小分子有机酸的积累并继续氧化降解,使得废水的pH值呈现先下降后升高的趋势。可见,对微气泡臭氧氧化影响因素进行优化,可提高污染物去除速率及臭氧利用率,显著改善处理性能。     

曝气充氧对一体式A/O反应器好氧段去除硫化物效果的影响研究

含硫污废水经过厌氧处理会产生硫化物,如果以H2S的形式溢出,会与大气中的臭氧发生氧化反应形成酸雨,污染大气环境。为了降低污废水中的硫化物,本文在一体式A/O反应器好氧段进行曝气充氧去除硫化物试验,研究不同曝气量QAIR(1 m3/h、2m3/h、3m3/h)对污水中硫化物去除效果的影响,并考察硫化物的氧化效果。试验结果表明:硫化物去除率随着曝气量的增加而增大,硫化物的氧化效果随着曝气量的增加先增大后减小。在最佳曝气量2m3/h时,硫化物平均去除率为86%,硫酸盐平均生成率为32.7%,单质硫平均生成率为46.8%。     

曝气生物滤池（BAF）工艺原理及印染废水深度处理中应用

本文介绍了曝气生物滤池的工艺原理和应用现状，在此基础上，结合印染废水深度处理的特点，给出了应用曝气生物滤池处理印染废水的组合工艺。     

气液混合方式和臭氧量对精制竹醋液的影响

由于原竹醋液是一种很复杂的混合物,很难有广泛的用途,为了更好地利用竹醋液的功能,必须对复杂的原竹醋液进行精制;采用臭氧氧化方法,气液混合的方式对原竹醋液进行了处理;讨论了氧化时间、氧化方式和通入臭氧量对竹醋液中理化性质的影响;可知实验条件最佳的是微孔曝气、氧化时间7 h和臭氧量为23.76 g/h,精制后的竹醋液吸光度、p H值、焦油量减少,而且提高了总酸度和醋酸的含量。     

氧化铜催化臭氧氧化模拟费托合成废水

费托合成废水COD高达40～60 g/L,pH低至2～3,必须采用化学方法进行预处理才能有效续接生物处理方法。本研究利用氧化铜对模拟费托合成废水进行臭氧催化氧化降解实验,考察单独臭氧氧化、催化臭氧氧化、催化剂投加量、初始COD对模拟费托合成废水COD去除率的影响,并对COD的降解动力学进行分析。实验结果表明:对于COD的定量分析,与分光光度法相比,重铬酸钾滴定法测定COD的精确性比较高;单独氧化铜吸附和单独臭氧氧化对模拟废水COD的去除率为20%～30%;采用氧化铜和臭氧组合工艺,对模拟费托合成废水COD的去除率较高。当COD初始值为1 000 mg/L时,氧化铜投加量为1 g/L,反应120 min后对模拟费托合成废水的COD去除率达到76.62%;随着初始COD浓度的提高,COD的绝对降解量也成比例逐渐增大。CuO/O_3体系氧化机制分析表明,·OH对模拟费托合成废水中小分子有机酸醇的去除发挥了主要作用。动力学分析结果表明,采用氧化铜催化臭氧氧化工艺,模拟费托合成废水COD的降解过程符合准一级动力学方程,相关性系数高达0.97以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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