木质素催化固化苯并噁嗪及其产物热性能研究

以对甲酚-苯胺型苯并噁嗪为模型化合物,玉米秸秆木质素为固化催化剂,用¹H-NMR研究木质素催化苯并噁嗪的聚合机理。随后将木质素与双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪共混,得到不同木质素质量分数（0、0.5%、1%、2%、5%）的共混体系。通过DSC研究了共混体系的固化行为,并用DMA、TGA对固化产物热性能进行测试。结果表明：在木质素催化作用下,苯并噁嗪首先开环聚合生成含苯氧结构和Mannich桥结构的中间体,而苯氧结构中间体不稳定,会重排生成Mannich桥结构的最终产物;木质素的引入显著降低了苯并噁嗪的固化温度,且随着木质素含量的增加,共混体系的起始固化温度和固化峰值温度均逐渐降低;与聚苯并噁嗪相比,共混体系固化产物的玻璃化转变温度升高,分解温度略有下降,800 ℃时的残炭率有所提高。     

芴基苯并噁嗪单体的合成及热性能研究

以双酚芴、环己胺和甲醛为原料,采用混合溶剂法合成了一种新型双官能度芴基苯并噁嗪单体,利用FTIR,1H NMR和13C NMR对产物结构进行了表征,以差式扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了芴基苯并噁嗪单体的固化行为,通过DSC和热重(TGA)分析了聚苯并噁嗪的热性能.结果表明,芴基聚苯并噁嗪树脂呈现出典型的热开环固化特征,放热峰顶温度为251℃,玻璃化转变温度Tg为189.4℃,初始热分解温度(热失重5%)达329℃,800℃时的残碳率达到31%.     

生物基聚醚胺型苯并噁嗪树脂的制备与性能研究

以生物质原料双酚酸甲酯(MDP)和双酚A(BA)为酚源,以聚醚胺D230为胺源与多聚甲醛经Mannich反应制得不同比例BA与MDP的苯并噁嗪前驱体.利用核磁共振(~1H NMR)和红外光谱(FTIR)对苯并噁嗪前驱体的化学结构进行了表征,结果表明制备得到的产物与所设计的结构相符.利用差示扫描量热法(Differential Scanning Calorimeter,DSC)对得到产物的热性能进行表征,结果表明所得前驱体的固化起始温度(T_(onset))为208.0～225.9℃,固化峰值温度(T_(peak))为240.0～246.6℃,与石油基纯BA制备得到的前驱体样品比较,两者固化温度相当.通过热重分析(Thermogravimetric Analysis,TGA)和拉伸试验对聚苯并噁嗪的力学性能进行了测试,结果表明,制得的聚苯并噁嗪具有较好的热稳定性和力学性能,得到的产物中MDP所占比例最高的聚苯并噁嗪PBA/MDP010-D230具有最佳综合性能.热重分析结果表明,PBA/MDP010-D230在氮气氛围下的5%热失重温度和10%热失重温度分别为356.3℃和373.0℃,且其在氮气氛围中800℃下的残炭率可达38.3%.PBA/MDP010-D230的力学性能测试显示其拉伸强度高达68.9 MPa,同时具有6.6%的断裂伸长率,这一结果表明了其具有较好的力学性能.     

单宁对苯并噁嗪开环聚合及其热稳定性影响研究

为研究单宁对苯并噁嗪开环聚合的影响,首先制备了单宁/双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪(Ba)和单宁/苯酚-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷型苯并噁嗪(p-MDA)混合物。然后通过凝胶化时间和DSC测试研究单宁对Ba和p-MDA开环聚合的影响,结果表明单宁可以催化苯并噁嗪的开环聚合。接着,通过TGA测试研究单宁对苯并噁嗪热稳定性的影响,结果表明除单宁含量在1%时会使双酚A-苯胺型苯并噁嗪固化物(PBa)的800℃残炭率增加约20%外,单宁对PBa和苯酚-4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷型苯并噁嗪固化物(Pp-MDA)的热稳定几乎没有影响。因而,单宁可以作为苯并噁嗪开环聚合的催化剂使用。     

烯丙基苯并噁嗪及其中间体的合成工艺研究

以3-氯丙烯、苯酚、甲醛和苯胺为原料,制备了烯丙基苯并噁嗪及其中间体烯丙基苯基醚、邻烯丙基苯酚.探讨了原料比、反应温度、反应时间对产物收率的影响.结果表明,邻烯丙基苯酚与苯胺、甲醛反应物质的量之比为1∶1∶2、反应温度为80℃、反应6 h时,烯丙基苯并噁嗪的收率可达到98.8%.     

末端带苯并噁嗪环的树枝状高分子的合成

采用溶剂法,以1.0GPAMAM和2.0GPAMAM为原料,与苯酚、多聚甲醛反应分别制备了2种新型的树枝状苯并噁嗪:1.0G苯并噁嗪(1.0GBZ)和2.0G苯并噁嗪(2.0GBZ).利用1 H NMR,FT-IR和DSC对其结构和固化行为进行了表征.通过TGA考察了所得聚合物的耐热性能.     

二胺型聚苯并噁嗪涂层在低碳钢表面的防腐蚀性能

以二胺型苯并噁嗪为前驱体,通过浸涂和热固化的方法在低碳钢表面制备了聚苯并噁嗪涂层。二胺型聚苯并噁嗪涂层具有良好的成膜性,并对低碳钢基体具有良好的附着力。采用动电位极化测试和交流阻抗测试考察了固化温度对聚苯并噁嗪涂层防腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:不同固化温度制备出的聚苯并噁嗪均具有良好的防腐蚀效果;其中,固化温度为150℃时所制备的涂层防腐蚀性能最佳,腐蚀电流为1.49×10~(-8) A/cm~2,相比空白低碳钢样品的腐蚀电流(6.91×10~(-6)A/cm~2)下降了2个数量级。     

取代基效应对烯丙胺型苯并噁嗪及其树脂的影响

选取六种不同酚源的烯丙胺型苯并噁嗪，研究苯并噁嗪官能团结构上不同取代基团对此类苯并噁嗪中间体的性质及其树脂热性能的影响。FT-IR测试结果显示，取代基团影响噁嗪环的特征吸收峰值，噁嗪环特征峰随场/诱导效应常数的增大而降低。同时，场/诱导效应的增大降低了苯并嗪中间体中官能团的反应温度。通过DMTA和TG分析了六种聚苯并噁嗪树脂，结果显示，场/诱导效应的增大虽能增大噁嗪树脂的残碳率，但降低了噁嗪树脂的耐热性能和热稳定性。     

含氰基和乙炔基苯并噁嗪树脂的固化行为及性能研究

以4-氨基苯氧邻苯二甲腈(BZN)、间氨基苯乙炔(APA)和多聚甲醛为原料制备了含氰基和乙炔基的苯并噁嗪树脂(BZ-BPA)。利用差示扫描量热法(DSC)、傅里叶变换红外光谱法(FT-IR)、热重分析法(TGA)分析了BZ-BPA的固化行为,得到：BZ-BPA在固化反应过程中存在两个放热峰(225℃和274℃);在氮气氛围下,BZ-BPA固化物热失重5%的温度(T_d5)为502.6℃,800℃时质量残留率为79.8%;在空气氛围下,T_d5为506.0℃,800℃时质量残留率为29.6%。采用Kissinger法计算得到两个固化反应的表观活化能(E):E₁=228.31 kJ/mol,E₂=87.97 kJ/mol;由Ozawa法计算得到：E₁=225.98 kJ/mol,E₂=92.26 kJ/mol;固化反应接近一级反应。考察了石英纤维增强的BZ-BPA复合材料(QF/BZ-BPA)的力学性能和耐热性能,结果显示：QF/BZ-BPA的玻璃化转变温度(T<...     

含氟苯并噁唑聚合物的合成

以双酚AF为原料,通过硝化和还原合成得到含氟苯并噁唑聚合物的单体2,2-双(4-羟基-3-氨基苯基)六氟丙烷(3)。将等摩尔量的对苯二甲酰氯与化合物3反应制得邻羟基酰胺聚合物5,然后再高温脱水环化即得到含氟聚苯并噁唑聚合物6。通过红外、质谱和核磁等表征手段确定了双酚AF的硝化产物2和含氟苯并噁唑聚合物单体3结构。邻羟基酰胺聚合物5及含氟聚苯并噁唑聚合物6的结构由红外表征确定。热重分析表明,含氟聚苯并噁唑聚合物6的5%失重温度为530℃,分解温度为573℃,具有良好的热稳定性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that