内蒙古乌奴格吐山铜钼矿床围岩蚀变特征浅析

位于外贝加尔裙皱系与大兴安岭褶皱系的交接地带,中生代火山岩带相对隆起区,德尔布干成矿带中段的乌山斑岩铜钼矿床是一大型以铜钼为主的多金属矿床。其围岩蚀变具有典型的斑岩型矿床蚀变特征。蚀变范围7km^2,分带为：石英—钾长石化带、石英—绢云母—水白云母化带、伊利石—水白云母化带。蚀变类型主要有：硅化、钾长石化、绢云母化、水白云母化、伊利石化、碳酸盐化,次为黑云母化、高岭土化、白云母化、硬石膏化。蚀变与矿化关系密切。     

云南中甸普朗斑岩铜矿成因探讨

普朗斑岩铜矿位于义敦岛弧带南段,产于印支-燕山早期普朗复式斑(玢)岩中。主要岩性由石英闪长玢岩、石英二长斑岩和花岗闪长斑岩组成,岩石化学和地球化学特征显示为碱性岩石系列I型花岗岩。成矿流体具高盐度和成矿温度150～300℃变化。硫同位素δ34SCDT为-2.23‰～3.75‰,来源于深源岩浆。矿床的构造作用、液压致裂作用和蚀变脉体形成等成矿机理经历了一个复杂过程。成岩和成矿作用的时间大致为235～206Ma,具多阶段性,其中石英-辉钼成矿阶段为(213±3.8)Ma,成岩和成矿时代主体为印支期。矿床蚀变由中心向外依次为硅化钾化带—绢英岩化带—青磐岩(角岩)化带的面型蚀变特征。成因类型属岛孤斑岩型铜矿床。     

胶东大庄子金矿微量元素及Pb-S同位素地球化学研究

报道了大庄子金矿Pb、S同位素 ,稀土和微量元素等地球化学特征 ,并讨论了其地质意义 .大庄子金矿Pb同位素组成与胶东群和荆山群相似 ,而S同位素组成 (δ34Scdt=1 1 .9‰±0 .4‰ )与荆山群更为相近 ,Pb、S同位素组成与胶东主要金矿基本一致 ,研究显示其成矿物质可能主要来源于胶东群和荆山群 .对蚀变岩和较新鲜原岩的稀土 (REE)和微量元素含量研究发现 ,钾化蚀变过程中两者都从流体中带入围岩 ;而绢英岩化蚀变过程中 ,REE从围岩中带出 ,微量元素既有带入也有带出 ;Cu、Pb、Zn等主要金属元素在两蚀变过程中主要是带入 .围岩及黄铁矿的稀土元素分配曲线特征 ,揭示了成矿物质的沉淀明显受微观环境的制约 ,浸染状黄铁矿的沉淀伴随着成矿流体与围岩之间的蚀变作用而发生 ,此时水 /岩反应进程导致的成矿流体PH值和Eh值等因素的变化 ,可能是成矿物质沉淀的主导因素 ;而脉状黄铁矿则直接从成矿流体中沉淀而出 ,围岩的影响不明显 ,成矿流体演化过程中温度、压力的变化 ,可能是成矿物质沉淀的主导因素     

合仁坪金矿H-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学特征及其成因机制

对合仁坪金矿的H-O-S-Pb同位素地球化学分析研究显示,其硫化物的δ³⁴S值介于-4.8‰~2.0‰之间,硫化物的²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值为17.419~17.436, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值为15.519~15.535, ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb比值为 37.86~37.90.成矿流体的δD介于-62.3‰~-53.0‰之间,δ¹⁸O 介于4.2‰~11.8‰之间.合仁坪金矿的S, Pb, O和H同位素研究结果表明,成矿物质具有深源特征,成矿流体为岩浆热液水来源,成矿作用存在明显的氧化还原特征,并形成本区特色的褪色蚀变带.该金矿是一个与深部岩浆作用有关的金矿床,找矿应着眼于赋矿地层内的氧化还原界面,褪色蚀变带是其主要的找矿标志.     

ASTER数据在遥感蚀变填图中的应用研究——-以内蒙古半拉山钼矿床为例

使用ASTER数据对内蒙古半拉山隐爆角砾岩型钼矿床进行矿床尺度的蚀变填图。 使用VNIR和SWIR谱段的单波段RBD分析、简单波段组合分析提取岩性分带信息, 使用PCA主成分分析, 提取黏土化、青磐岩化、碳酸盐化和褐铁矿化的蚀变信息, 使用TIR谱段提取硅化、钾化和碳酸盐化的蚀变信息, 获得半拉山矿床自西向东分布青磐岩化带、碳酸盐化带和黏土化带的蚀变带分布图。结合实地勘测结果, 证实ASTER数据对斑岩型矿床及相关的隐爆角砾岩型矿床蚀变带的识别具有较好效果。在矿床尺度上可以应用VNIR数据和SWIR数据有效区分黏土化、青磐岩化和碳酸盐化, 在矿田尺度上可以应用TIR数据区分硅化和钾化, 但对于只在VNIR谱段具有光谱特征的铁氧化物, 蚀变解译效果较差。     

ASTER数据在遥感蚀变填图中的应用研究——以内蒙古半拉山钼矿床为例

使用ASTER数据对内蒙古半拉山隐爆角砾岩型钼矿床进行矿床尺度的蚀变填图。使用VNIR和SWIR谱段的单波段RBD分析、简单波段组合分析提取岩性分带信息,使用PCA主成分分析,提取黏土化、青磐岩化、碳酸盐化和褐铁矿化的蚀变信息,使用TIR谱段提取硅化、钾化和碳酸盐化的蚀变信息,获得半拉山矿床自西向东分布青磐岩化带、碳酸盐化带和黏土化带的蚀变带分布图。结合实地勘测结果,证实ASTER数据对斑岩型矿床及相关的隐爆角砾岩型矿床蚀变带的识别具有较好效果。在矿床尺度上可以应用VNIR数据和SWIR数据有效区分黏土化、青磐岩化和碳酸盐化,在矿田尺度上可以应用TIR数据区分硅化和钾化,但对于只在VNIR谱段具有光谱特征的铁氧化物,蚀变解译效果较差。     

个旧西凹铜-锡多金属矿床花岗岩蚀变带稀土元素特征及意义

通过分析西凹铜-锡多金属矿床蚀变岩的稀土元素特征,研究该矿的成矿物质、成矿流体来源及成矿环境等。研究结果表明:蚀变花岗岩的稀土元素配分模式与未蚀变花岗岩类似,但也存在一定的差异。相对于未蚀变花岗岩,钾化花岗岩稀土总量增高,重稀土元素(HREE)的富集程度比轻稀土元素(LREE)的大,轻稀土元素中的La,Ce的富集程度比Pr和Nd的大,次生钾长石继承了蚀变流体的稀土元素特征,可能与蚀变流体温度较高有关,且富含F,Cl和CO2有关,成矿流体来源于岩浆期后热液。绿帘石-绿泥石化花岗岩稀土总量略有降低,LREE亏损而HREE略微富集,由流体蚀变、云母类矿物的吸附作用及早期钾化蚀变共同造成。Eu异常和Ce异常,表明钾化处于相对高温氧化条件下,而绿帘石-绿泥石化则处于相对低温和还原的环境中。蚀变花岗岩中REE与成矿元素关系密切,对岩体内部找矿具有一定的指示意义。     

新疆乔尕山金矿床稀土元素地球化学特征及其意义

乔尕山金矿床为产于中天山脆韧性剪切带中的石英脉型或破碎带蚀变岩型金矿床,南部矿床产于受剪切的志留泥盆系地层中,北部矿床产于受剪切的闪长岩体中。不同阶段形成的含金石英脉及其赋矿围岩具有相似的稀土元素地球化学特征,呈轻稀土富集型,出现不明显的Ｅｕ负异常及明显的Ｔｂ和Ｅｒ正异常。成矿流体Ｈ、Ｏ同位素变化范围小,δ１８ＯＨ２Ｏ＝４４．５‰～１０．９５‰,δＤＨ２Ｏ＝－６３．０‰～－４２．０‰,其成矿物质具     

桃园钼矿床围岩蚀变特征及其研究意义

桃园钼矿床属中温热液脉型矿床，围岩蚀变具线型对称特征。蚀变以钾化与硅化和成矿关系最为密切。根据蚀变岩在空间上的分带特征与矿化强度之间的规律，可以确定成矿范围，指导找矿。     

安徽沙溪斑岩铜(金)矿床蚀变岩地质地球化学特征研究

沙溪斑岩铜(金)矿床位于庐枞火山岩盆地西北外围,处于郯庐断裂带内部.本文从矿物学、岩石学及地球化学等方面对区内蚀变岩进行了详细的研究,研究结果表明:本区以存在有其为发育的硬石膏化和青磐岩化而有别于其他斑岩铜矿,蚀变分带自内向外可归结为:硬石膏～黑云母～钾硅酸盐蚀变带—钾硅酸盐青磐岩化迭加蚀变带—石英绢云母化带—青磐岩化带,推测其更深部位存在有钠交代蚀变带.蚀变岩中氟的存在有利于铜、金矿质沉淀,铅、锌、锰等元素的地球化学异常可指示矿体的赋存部位,蚀变的进行将导致稀土的淋滤和轻、重稀土的分异,轻、重稀土的分异有利于矿化.     

东风山前寒武纪含铁建造金矿床的同位素地球化学特征

东风山金矿体赋存在含铁层之下的东风山群角岩层中。赋矿层位中富含磁黄铁矿、黄铁矿、锰铝榴石和锰铁闪石。通过对该矿床的硫、氧、碳和铅同位素研究,表明硫化物中的硫和地层铅主要来自深源,其次地层中的含硫有机物被生物分解形成的硫也产生一定影响。东风山群形成于早元古代。东风山金矿属高温热接触变质的同生床。     

山西省柳林奥陶系马家沟组第五段第一亚段的白云石化作用

山西省柳林奥陶系马家沟组第五段第一亚段主要由白云岩组成，顶部为灰岩、沉积于浅的、局限的、低能、基底起伏小、蒸发作用强的克拉通内陆表海环境下．白云石的δ１３Ｃ值为－８．１～０．１‰，平均－３．０‰；δ１８Ｏ值为－１０．９～７．１‰，平均－８．９‰；白云石的碳氧稳定同位素值与泥晶方解石差别不大．准同生白云石的δ１３Ｃ为－４．９～０．１‰，平均－２．１‰；δ１８Ｏ值为－１０．３～－７．１‰，平均－８．７‰．成岩白去石的δ１３Ｃ值为－８．１～－３．３‰，平均－５．４‰；δ１８Ｏ值为－１０．９～－７．７‰，平均－９．２‰．白云石的Ｆｅ２Ｏ３含量为０．５１％～２．９９％，平均１．３６％，白云石较泥晶方解石的铁含量高．白云石的Ｓｒ含量为１３～４７（１０－６），平均２３（１０－６），白云石和泥晶解石的Ｓｒ含量均低．白云石较方解石的晶胞体积减少１２．７％左右．白云石化所引起的体积缩小，产生了大量的晶间孔．有利于淡水的渗透、淋滤，晶间孔进一步改造，形成了晶间溶孔和溶蚀孔、洞、缝．白云石样品的ＭｇＣＯ３含量几乎都大于５０ｍｏｌ％，白云石化，是淡水与富镁海水混合的结果．     

Research progress in studies on the coalbed gas geochemistry

The current situation of geochemical studies on coalbed gas is reviewed in this paper. Generally, coalbed gas is compositionally dominated by methane with δ¹³C₁ values ranging approximately from -80‰ to -10‰. However, few isotopic studies have been carried out on other components of coalbed gas except for hydrogen and carbon dioxide, whose δD_CH4 values available for utilization vary from -333‰ to -117‰, and δ¹³C_CO2 values from -29.4‰ to +18.6‰. Two major types of coalbed gas, thermogenic gas and secondary biogenic gas, have been identified, and there are also some other classification criteria. Compared with conventional natural gases, coalbed gas has a wide distribution range of δ¹³C₁ and δ¹³C_CO2 values, especially possessing some extremely heavy values. Current problems that remain unsolved in the coalbed gas geochemistry include the variation mechanism, controlling factors and application of carbon and hydrogen isotopes of methane, the relation between the values of δ¹³C₁ and Ro, the systematic classification scheme and criterion of genetic types, and the application of the coalbed gas geochemistry in evaluating target districts of the coalbed gas exploration.     

Oxygen isotope geochemistry of phosphorite and dolomite and palaeo-ocean temperature estimation: A case study from the Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation, Guizhou Province,South China

The Neoproterozoic Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an in Guizhou Province of South China consists of phosphorites and dolomites.Three types of samples are recongnized for the phosphate-bearing rocks.In Type I samples, interstitial phosphates occur within the dolomite rocks, whereas in Type III samples, interstitial dolomites occur within the phosphorites; both of them may have diagenetic origin.The Type II samples are interbedded phosphorites and dolomites.Oxygen isotopic compositions of phosphate and coeval carbonate were analyzed.Phosphates of Type I and II samples show similar low δ18Ophos (SMOW) values of 10.9‰～12.1‰ and 10.7‰～12.8‰, respectively, whereas Type III phosphates show higher δ18Ophos (SMOW) values of 13.2‰～15.0‰.Dolomites from Type I and II samples have δ18Ocarb (PDB) and δ13Ccarb (PDB) values of -6.2‰～-3.4‰ and -2.2‰～-0.7‰, respectively, whereas interstitial dolomites from Type III samples show lower δ18Ocarb (PDB) and δ13Ccarb (PDB) values of -12.9‰～-8.6‰ and -4.4‰～-2.6‰.Petrology and oxygen isotope data suggest that diagenetic alteration may have partially affected the studied rocks, but the dolomites from Type I and phosphates from Type III samples represent the most pristine isotopic compositions of primary carbonates and phosphates precipitated from seawater.Calculations of palaeocean temperatures from the most 18O enriched dolomite and phosphate indicate a temperature range of 32.2 ℃ to 34.0 ℃ for the seawater of the Doushantuo Formation period.Ce anomaly also suggests more oxic conditions and possibly shallower water depth in the upper strata of the Doushantuo Formation at Weng'an, Guizhou Province.     

冷水坑矿田层状铅锌银矿稳定同位素特征与矿床成因

赋存于火山岩地层层间破碎带中的层状铅锌银矿是冷水坑矿田重要的矿化类型之一。层状矿体内碳酸盐岩与矿石中金属硫化物碳氧硫铅同位素测定表明,铁锰碳酸盐矿物的δ13CV-PDB变化范围在-4.8‰～-5.5‰之间,δ18OV-SMOW为12.6‰～14.1‰,白云质灰岩分别为-3.3‰～-5.9‰,9.8‰～17.2‰。金属硫化物δ34S值为-3.9‰～+5.6‰,多集中在-1‰～6‰之间,与矿田斑岩型矿床硫同位素组成一致。矿石铅同位素组成比较一致,其中206Pb/204Pb,207Pb/204Pb,208Pb/204Pb分别为17.786～17.809,15.572～15.605,38.281～38.386。层状矿体矿石铅同位素组成位于矿田铅同位素分布范围内且比斑岩型矿石铅分布集中。矿石硫、铅同位素组成表明层状矿床成矿物质来自矿田火山(岩浆)系统。含矿地层内的碳酸盐岩层为火山喷发间歇局限陆相湖正常沉积而成,铁锰碳酸盐为火山(岩浆)热液成因而非喷流沉积。冷水坑层状铅锌银矿为火山热液型矿床。     

Petroleum-contaminated soil extent recorded by δ15N and δ13C of plants and soils

Petroleum contamination in terrestrial environments caused by industrial activities is a significant problem that has received considerable attention. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions (δ13C and δ15N) effectively describe the behavior of plants and soils under petroleum contamination stress. To better understand plant and soil responses to petroleum-contaminated soil, δ13C and δ15N values of the plants (Trifolium repens, Leguminosae with C₃ photosynthesis pathway, and Agropyron cristatum with C₄ photosynthesis pathway) and the soil samples under one-month exposure to different extents of petroleum contamination were measured. The results showed that petroleum contamination in the soil induced the soil δ15N values to increase and δ13C values to decrease; from 1.9‰ to 3.2‰ and from ?23.6‰ to ?26.8‰, respectively. However, the δ13C values of Agropyron cristatum decreased from ?29.8‰ to ?31.6‰, and the δ13C values of Trifolium repens remained relatively stable from ?12.6‰ to ?13.1‰, indicating that they have different coping strategies under petroleum-contaminated soil conditions. Moreover, the δ15N values of Trifolium repens decreased from 5.6‰ to 0.8‰ near the air δ15N values under petroleum-contaminated soil, which implies that their nitrogen fixation system works to reduce soil petroleum stress. The δ13C and δ15N values of Agropyron cristatum and Trifolium repens reflect changes in the metabolic system when they confront stressful environments. Therefore, stable isotopic compositions are useful proxies for monitoring petroleum-contaminated soil and evaluating the response of plants to petroleum contamination stress.     

轮古西地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层碳、氧同位素地球化学特征

中—下奥陶统鹰山组碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层是塔里木盆地轮古西地区的主要油气产层 .为了弄清储层的成因类型、储层古岩溶过程中的流体性质和古水文条件 ,为预测和评价此类储层提供有关的地球化学信息 ,讨论了储层形成过程中记录的碳、氧稳定同位素特征 .结果表明 :轮古西地区奥陶系鹰山组碳酸盐岩古岩溶储层中的δ13C和δ18O值的变化范围较大 ,δ13C值为 -0 .70‰～ -6.5 0‰ ,平均值 -1 .76‰ ;δ18O值为 -3 .75‰～ -1 7.1 0‰ ,平均值 -9.42‰ .碳酸盐岩基质、冲积岩和方解石胶结物的δ13C和δ18O分布具有一定的差异 .三类样品的δ18O值均具有明显偏负特征 ,表明在碳酸盐岩成岩过程中受到大气成因的淡水影响 ,反映了当时的风化壳岩溶成岩环境 .冲积岩样品的δ13C值的偏负程度较高 ,其物源可能来自石炭—二叠系地层     

The possible contribution of a mantle-derived fluid to the Ningwu porphyry iron deposits-Evidence from carbon and strontium isotopes of apatites

Apatite is a characteristic mineral for the iron deposits in the Ningwu region. Apatite shows a range of δ^13CPDB values from -9.6‰ to -0.6‰, and most of them with the δ^13CPDB values distributed in a range of mantle carbon （i.e., -2‰to -9‰）, except for samples T-06-1 and J-06-3. Apatites in the Ningwu porphyry iron deposits yield a narrow variation range of ^87Sr/^86Sr values from 0.706326 to 0.707577, similar to those of the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks and higher than that of a typical mantle-derived magmatic apatite （i.e., about 0.7040）, indicating that formation of the apatites was involved with crust material contamination.δ^13CPDBand ^87Sr/^86Sr values of the apatite indicate a possible contribution of mantle-derived fluid and material to formation of the Ningwu porphyry iron deposits, supported by regional geology, regional gravities and geochemistry of the volcanic and subvolcanic rocks in the Ningwu region.     

基于氮氧同位素示踪的滨州市水体硝酸盐污染来源解析

利用硝酸盐氮氧双同位素技术和同位素混合模型,对滨州市水体硝酸盐的氮氧同位素组成进行分析,在此基础上进行硝酸盐污染溯源,确定各污染源的贡献率．结果表明:研究区地表水和地下水硝酸盐质量浓度分别为0~168.07、0~336.04 mg·L?1,超标率分别为8.70%和27.78%;从河流上游到下游,地表水硝酸盐污染有加重的趋势,地下水硝酸盐污染空间变异性较大．地表水和地下水δ（15N-NO₃）范围分别为4.02‰~10.10‰、9.07‰~18.75‰,δ（18O-NO₃）范围分别为2.24‰~6.14‰、4.93‰~10.64‰;有机肥和污水是本地地表水和地下水硝酸盐污染的主要来源,其平均贡献率分别为45%和81%,其次为含氮化肥,分别占26%和17%。通过定量分析地表水及地下水硝酸盐污染来源,可以为本地区制定防治水体污染措施提供科学依据．