槲皮黄素-3-α-阿拉伯糖苷胁迫对木麻黄小枝和根系渗透调节物质的影响

苗期是木麻黄(Casuarina equisetifolia L.)生长对化感胁迫比较敏感的时期,而渗透调节是植物适应逆境胁迫的重要生理机制之一.为明晰木麻黄应对化感胁迫的抗性机理,以"惠安1号"木麻黄水培幼苗为实验材料,在人为控制环境条件下,研究了在木麻黄化感物质槲皮黄素-3-α-阿拉伯糖苷(Q3A)0(CK),12.5,25,50,100,200,400mg/L质量浓度模拟胁迫下,木麻黄幼苗根系及小枝渗透调节物质0~72h的变化规律及其生理调节机制.研究结果表明:200和400mg/L质量浓度化感物质胁迫下,木麻黄幼苗小枝的有机渗透调节物质可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸含量均呈现先上升后下降趋势;其余胁迫处理的有机渗透调节物质均呈现上升趋势,而且胁迫质量浓度越高,有机渗透调节物质含量上升幅度越大;根系与小枝表现类似,但小枝的渗透调节能力优于根系.低质量浓度(12.5和25mg/L)化感物质胁迫结束后72h,小枝和根系的有机渗透调节物质含量可以恢复到对照水平.100,200,400mg/L质量浓度化感物质胁迫造成无机离子显著下降.其他不同程度的化感物质胁迫后,小枝和根系中的无机离子K+、Mg2+、Ca2+等含量轻微下降或变化不大.上述研究结果表明:木麻黄幼苗在经受低质量浓度和短期化感物质胁迫下能够有效地进行渗透调节,而且有机渗透调节物质对化感物质胁迫的反应较无机离子更为敏感.本研究结果可为筛选抗自毒木麻黄无性系提供实验依据.     

冬季4个常绿树种渗透调节物质的动态变化

以盆栽的方法研究了在冬季干旱胁迫条件下,女贞、侧柏、油松、小蜡4个常绿树种的渗透调节物质积累状况及动态变化。土壤含水量采用整体称重法来控制,设2个水分处理,即适宜水分(含水量19%~23%)和干旱胁迫(含水量9%~11%)。结果表明:干旱胁迫条件下,除可溶性糖外,脯氨酸和K 含量均不及适宜水分条件下积累的多,但变化趋势相似;适宜水分条件下,各树种的渗透调节能力较强;侧柏、女贞的主要调节物质为可溶性糖和K ,油松的为脯氨酸和可溶性糖,而小蜡则是三种物质都具有明显调节作用。     

干旱胁迫下红砂渗透调节和抗氧化保护系统的响应研究

采用盆栽试验,测定了在不同土壤水分胁迫下红砂一些渗透调节物质和抗氧化保护酶,探讨渗透调节物质和抗氧化保护系统对干旱胁迫的响应。结果表明:叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和可溶性糖含量在中度干旱条件下增加,在重度干旱胁迫下减少并且低于对照;POD活性和CAT活性在中度和重度干旱胁迫下上升,但中度干旱胁迫高于重度;随着干旱胁迫程度的加强,脯氨酸含量、MDA含量、SOD活性一直呈上升趋势。研究表明,可溶性糖在中度干旱胁迫下起到了很重要的渗透调节作用,但在重度干旱胁迫下没有起到积极的作用;无论在中度还是重度干旱胁迫下,脯氨酸都起到了很重要的渗透调节作用。胡萝卜素、MDA、脯氨酸、SOD、POD和CAT在防御干旱引起的氧化胁迫中起到了显著保护作用,POD和CAT在中度干旱胁迫的保护作用更显著;无论在中度还是重度干旱胁迫下,MDA、脯氨酸和SOD都有显著的保护作用。     

干旱和碱胁迫对不同狗牙根品种生理指标的影响

以狗牙根品种普通不脱壳、萨旺那和佳宝为实验材料,以PEG6000和NaOH模拟干旱和碱胁迫,测定了3种狗牙根品种叶片的H2O2的摩尔分数、电解质渗透率、丙二醛(MDA)的质量分数和过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白质的质量分数、游离脯氨酸的质量分数等逆境生理指标,结果表明:受到干旱和碱双重胁迫时,细胞活性氧增加,对细胞膜造成损伤,激活保护酶系统、产生渗透调节物质.3个品种叶片的H2O2的摩尔分数总体随着时间推移上升;电解质渗透率都表现为先上升后下降的趋势;SOD酶活性先降低后升高再降低,而MDA则与SOD变化趋势相反;3个品种叶片的可溶性蛋白质质量分数前期变化不大,4d后明显上升.     

植抗4号试验结果初报

干旱是一世界性问题,也是甘肃、中国乃至世界农业发展的首要限制因素。在干旱逆境环境下要获得稳产、高产,需要提高作物自身抗旱能力及改善环境条件以满足作物生长发育需要。研究证明,在干旱环境条件下,特别是在干旱半干旱地区无灌溉条件下,适期喷施抗旱药剂可提高作...     

干旱胁迫对胡麻游离脯氨酸累积的影响

用PEG－6000高渗溶液模拟干旱胁迫，研究了干旱胁迫对胡麻累积游离脯氨酸的影响实验结果表明，在相同时间内，干旱胁迫强度越大累积游离脯氨酸量越多；在胁迫强度相同条件下的一定范围内，随着处理时间的延长累积游离脯氨酸量越来越多；最多累积量为对照的11．5倍这一结果与前人在小麦、水稻、高粱等作物上所得结果一致，证明游离脯氨酸是胡麻幼苗的渗透调节物质，累积游离脯氨酸是胡麻幼苗对干旱环境的适应性表现．     

干旱胁迫对芦竹生理特性的影响

基于芦竹耐旱特性的研究,以芦竹幼苗为试材进行控水胁迫模拟盆栽试验,测定了前期(20 d)、中期(40 d)和后期(60 d)不同水分梯度胁迫下芦竹的根系活力、丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(Pro)、可溶性蛋白(SP)和抗氧化物酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT)的变化,并采用灰色关联度法分析了各指标与芦竹抗旱性的关系。研究表明:1)干旱胁迫导致芦竹根系活力下降,膜质过氧化产物MDA、渗透调节物质Pro和SP含量显著增加;2)抗氧化物酶SOD、POD、CAT在20 d和40 d时随干旱胁迫的增强呈现上升趋势,而在60 d时则呈现下降趋势;3)芦竹各项生理指标的抗旱性关联顺序为:SPSODMDAPODProCAT根系活力;芦竹SP含量的关联度虽然大于0.9,但芦竹并不是依靠这一种机理来适应干旱生境,而是通过调节自身的代谢功能来提高其抗旱性;4)在不同梯度干旱胁迫下,芦竹的生长受到不同程度的抑制,但整体而言,芦竹能够通过调节自身的保护酶系统和渗透物质的调节来减轻干旱损伤,以维持正常生理功能,对干旱胁迫具有一定的适应性。     

苦荞对干旱胁迫的应答及外源物质的缓减效应研究

苦荞属于药食两用类作物，适应性广，抗逆性强，表现出耐瘠耐旱的特性。现对苦荞干旱的研究还不够深入，且种植和生产易受干旱胁迫影响。本文阐述近年来对苦荞干旱的研究进展，简述干旱对苦荞生长发育的影响，主要表现在形态、生理、产量等指标，从抗氧化物质、渗透调节等分析其干旱胁迫的生理生化机制以及分子机制，归纳了矿质元素（氮、磷、钾）以及外源激素（褪黑素、烯效唑等）可以缓减苦荞的干旱胁迫，以期为苦荞抗旱性研究和生产应用提供理论基础及参考，对国内外农业中苦荞可持续发展具有重要意义。     

茉莉酸类化合物的抗逆生理作用研究进展

本文简要概述了茉莉酸类植物生长调节物质的生物合成及其生理作用,包括促进作用、抑制作用和抗逆境生理。重点阐述了茉莉酸类化合物在植物的抗高温胁迫、抗低温胁迫、抗干旱胁迫、抗盐胁迫、抗虫害胁迫等方面的研究进展。     

PEG处理对甘薯叶片渗透调节物质的影响

用不同浓度的ＰＥＧ对甘薯进行根际干旱处理，研究了叶片中几种主要渗透调节物质的变化．在轻度水分胁迫下，脯氨酸和Ｋ￣＋的反映较敏感，可溶性糖和其他游离氨基酸几乎平行增加．抗旱性较强的渝薯２０渗透调节物质（脯氨酸除外）的积累均高于抗旱性弱的农大红，对渗透调节的贡献由高至低依次为：总游离氨基酸＞Ｋ￣＋＞可溶性糖＞脯氨酸；并随水分胁迫的加剧而渐次减弱．脯氨酸积累的数量与品种抗旱性无关．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with