抽灌同井运行特性实验研究—以上海地区为例

针对抽灌同井运行特性的研究不足,利用单井循环地下换热系统砂箱实验台,以上海地区的采暖期和空调期的时间尺度为依据,开展了抽灌同井夏冬、冬夏两种运行模式下运行特性的实验研究。结果表明,该砂箱实验台中的含水层热量流失较快,放热工况下热源井排放热量较容易,取热工况下热源井提取热量较困难。抽灌同井在冷负荷占优的地区运行时,需要采用辅助技术手段,分担地下含水层承担的供冷负荷,保证系统长期可靠运行。建议系统先进行冬季取热工况的运行,提取含水层储热量;继而进行夏季排热工况,保持热源井较低的抽水温度,提高热泵机组效率。     

Optical limiting of niobic tellurite glass induced by self-trapped exciton absorption of the AgCl nanocrystal dopant

Niobic tellurite glass doped by silver chloride nanocrystal was prepared with the melting-quenching and heat treatment method, and the self-trapped exciton absorption band of the silver chloride nanocrystal was observed at 532 nm in the UV-visible absorption spectrum. The glass structure characteristics were investigated by Raman spectroscopy, and the mechanism of self-trapped exciton was analyzed by Jahn-Teller model. Its optical limiting was measured with 532 nm picosecond laser pulses, and the corresponding nonlinear absorption coefficient was measured with open-aperture Z-scan. The experimental results showed that optical limiting at 532 nm was attributed to free carrier absorption between the self-trapped state and the continuum band. Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No. B408), National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB806006, 2006CB921105), Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University, Doctoral Program of High Education (Grant No. 20050269011) and Project sponsored by Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (Grant Nos. 06DJ14008, 07dz22025, 06QH14003)     

有机朗肯循环混合工质的热力学分析

有机朗肯循环是利用低品位余热的关键技术之一,在一定程度上可有效缓解能源危机。相比于传统的纯工质,混合工质因其在换热器中具有温度滑移特性,可以更好地与热源进行耦合。因此选用混合工质可以使机组的效率得到更进一步的提升。通过采用二次迭代的方法,热源温度为120℃时,理论分析了以R245fa为参考的6种混合工质对,其混合比例对系统输出功与效率的影响。结果表明:工质吸热量一定的情况下,系统采取混合工质可以获得比纯工质更高的输出功、热效率。当吸热量为197.29 k W时,以纯R245fa为工质的系统最大输出功与热效率分别为11.98 k W与6.07%。存在最佳混合工质对R113/R245fa(质量分数0.7∶0.3),相比于纯工质R245fa,输出功与热效率分别提高了22.87%和22.89%。同时发现,无量纲积分温差ΔT~*与系统净输出功、热效率之间存在反比关系。当工质为R113/R245fa(质量分数0.7∶0.3)时,在最大净输出功工况下,6种混合工质对下的最小值ΔT~*为0.233。     

A study on multifunction heat pipe type high efficient adsorption refrigerator using compound adsorbent-ammonia

Adsorption refrigeration systems have the advan- tages of environment benign, zero ozone depletion po- tential (ODP) as well as zero global warming potential (GWP) due to the use of natural refrigerants such as ammonia, water, methanol, etc. Adsorption re…     

寒区隧道地源热泵供热系统及优化分析

为解决寒区隧道冻害问题,将地源热泵型供热系统应用于内蒙古博牙高速林场隧道中.系统由取热段、加热段、热泵和分、集水管路组成,可用于隧道洞口段衬砌和排水系统加热.在分析研究该系统传热机理的基础上,建立考虑热阻和热源的隧道取热段传热模型,利用叠加原理、格林函数法和拉普拉斯变换法相结合的方法获得其解析解.热交换管间距对热交换管换热量有显著影响,随着管间距的增加,换热量呈线性增加.热交换管换热量随隧道埋深的增加而呈线性增加,热交换管应布置在埋深深的部位.与热泵持续运行相比,间歇运行有利于土壤温度场的恢复,有助于提高热泵运行效率.     

Design and experimental study of thermal control system for AMS cryocoolers

The Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer(AMS) is an instrument for the international scientific experiment,composed of six detectors and 650 micro-electronics.The objective of AMS experiment is to search for dark matter and anti-matter in space.In this paper,the thermal control system for AMS cryocoolers is designed,analyzed and experimentally studied.Using loop heat pipes(LHPs) as the main heat dissipation component,the thermal control system has sufficient heat dissipation capability to prevent the cryocoolers from over temperature(+40℃) in hot environment,meanwhile to ensure temperatures of the cryocoolers higher than their lower limit(-20℃) in cold environment.Experiment results show that the thermal control system for AMS cryocoolers functions stably satisfying design specification.     

电动汽车动力电池组液冷散热优化

电动汽车动力电池在充放电过程中快速产生大量的热量,开展高效散热设计有利于提升电池组工作效率及其安全性。采用冷板和电池组相结合的方式进行电池组液冷散热设计,以50℃作为临界最高温度进行研究,结果表明冷板与电池组采用侧面侧方布置时电池表面平均温度最低,温度均匀性较好。满足散热设计对应的相间侧向所需质量流量最小且为0.05 kg/s,而相间上向模型的压降最小。因此,电池组散热设计时可优先选择电池单体与冷板相间布置的结构。     

Heat driven refrigeration cycle at low temperatures

Absorption refrigeration cycle can be driven by low-grade thermal energy, such as solar energy, geothermal energy and waste heat. It is beneficial to save energy and protect environment. However, the applications of traditional absorption refrigeration cycle are greatly restricted because they cannot achieve low refrigeration temperature. A new absorption refrigeration cycle is investigated in this paper, which is driven by low-grade energy and can get deep low refrigeration temperature. The mixture refrigerant R23 R134a and an absorbent DMF are used as its working fluid. The theoretical results indicate that the new cyde can achieve -62℃ refrigeration temperature when the generation temperature is only 160℃. This refrigeration temperature is much lower than that obtained by traditional absorption refrigeration cycle. Refrigeration temperature of -47.3℃ has been successfully achieved by experiment for this new cycle at the generation temperature of 157~C, which is the lowest temperature obtained by absorption refrigeration system reported in the literature up to now. The theoretical and experimental results prove that new cycle can achieve rather low refrigeration temperature.     

CO2热泵热水器实验研究

为提高热泵热水器的效率,扩大CO2跨临界循环的应用领域,建立了CO2热泵热水器实验系统．实验结果表明：该系统在不同季节工况下均可正常运行,且均能制取出较高温度的热水,但在夏季工况运行时的性能系数和水流量均最高;从健康角度考虑,当该系统运行于夏季工况,且出水温度达到65℃时,性能系数在3．45以上;若系统冷量同时被利用（即空调热水两用机）,其综合性能系数可达5．9．可见,CO2热泵热水器在制取热水方面具有独特的优势,从能量利用角度分析,CO2空调热水器两用机在夏季运行时有很好的经济性．     

热电热泵在非设计工况条件下的性能分析

 采用直流电源模拟太阳能电池板输出不稳定电压驱动热电热泵工作,通过实验测试研究了在连续长时间工作、电压跳跃变化和极限电压工况下,热电热泵冷端温度T_c、热端温度T_h、冷热端温差T_d的变化对其制冷/制热的性能系数（COP）的影响。结果表明,在适宜的电压范围内,热电热泵的制冷速度快、工作性能稳定且能够长时间连续工作,而制热效果明显优于制冷效果,制热效率（E_h）平均高于制冷效率（E_c）约0.8;热电热泵的最佳工作电压区间为2~4 V,此时的冷端温度低、制冷量大、COP 值在理想范围(E_c=0.87~1.89,E_h=1.75~2.75);随着工作电压增高,热电热泵的冷热端温差增大,COP 值减小,当电压大于8V 后,冷热端温差大于45℃,COP 值降至最小,工作性能较差。     

Modeling and numerical simulation of a novel solar-powered absorption air conditioning system driven by a bubble pump with energy storage

This paper presents a novel solar-powered absorption air conditioning system driven by a bubble pump with energy storage. It solves the problem of unreliable solar energy supply by storing the working fluids and hence, functions 24 h per day. First, the working principles are described and the dynamic models for the primary energy storage components are developed. Then, the system is evaluated based on a numerical simulation. Based on the meteorological data of a typical day in a subtropical area, with the area of a solar collector being set at 19.15 m², whilst the initial charging mass, mass fraction and temperature of the solution are respectively set at 379.5 kg, 54.16% and 34.5 ℃, it is found that the respective coefficients of performance (COP) of the air conditioning system and the en-tire system (including the solar panel) are 0.7771 and 0.4372. In particular, the energy storage density of the system is 206.69 MJ/m³ which is much greater than those of chilled water or hot water storage systems under comparable conditions. This makes the new system much more compact and efficient. Finally, an automatic control strategy is given to achieve the highest COP when solar energy fluctuates.     

Process modeling of fuel cell vehicle power system

Constructed here is a mathematic model of PEM Fuel Cell Vehicle Power System which is composed of fuel supply model, fuel cell stack model and water-heat management model. The model was developed by Matlab/Simulink to evaluate how the major operating variables affect the output performances. It shows that the constructed model can represent characteristics of the power system closely by comparing modeling results with experimental data, and it can be used in the study and design of fuel cell vehicle power system. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA05Z145), State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No. 2007cb209707) and Shanghai Science and Technology Project (Grant Nos. 06SN07115 and 07JC14024)     

Applications of membrane distillation technology in energy transformation process-basis and prospect

Membrane distillation technology is a new type of efficient separation technology that combines traditional distillation technology and membrane separation technology. In the study, applications of membrane distillation technology in thermal engineering and refrigerating engineering with typical energy transformation process were presented. Desorption and regeneration process of saline solution by vacuum membrane distillation was proposed on the basis of the concentration and separation properties of membrane distillation. Membrane distillation technology could be used in lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system, energy storage system, and the regeneration process of liquid desiccant solution in temperature-humidity independent control air-conditioning system. The aim of the applications was to use the low-grade energy such as waste heat, solar energy and geothermal energy adequately and to improve the available temperature difference of heat source. According to latent heat transfer and thermal conduction across the membrane in direct contact membrane distillation process, a novel membrane heat exchanger with both heat transfer and mass transfer processes was proposed. The heat exchanger could be used as the solution heat exchanger of lithium bromide absorption refrigeration system and as the special heat exchanger that recovered heat and pure water simultaneously. Some feasible process flows about the applications of membrane distillation technology to energy transformation process were listed and analyzed. Finally, future research emphases were indicated.     

基于非集计模型的中长途客运旅客选择方式

近年来,随着我国高铁的快速发展,给公路客运产生了巨大的冲击。为了提高公路客运企业竞争力,结合中长旅客出行需求和发展态势,笔者从旅客特性、出行特征、运输方式特性等角度,分析了旅客出行行为偏好影响因素,构建了基于非集计的多元Logistic旅客选择方式回归模型。论文依据北京公路客运数据,对0～400km和400～800km的中短途和中长途旅客出行选择行为进行了敏感度分析实验。实验表明,0～400km中短途出行的旅客对便捷性和准时性的敏感度高,而400～800km中长途出行的旅客对出行费用、出行时间、舒适性和安全性的敏感度高。     

寒旱地区混凝土箱形渡槽湿热耦合效应

针对冬季渡槽的湿热全耦合效应问题,避免渡槽在冬季输水过程中出现裂缝现象,以寒旱地区某渡槽为工程背景,利用湿热耦合传输理论分析,实测2023年1月5至1月20日的环境温度、环境湿度及风速,采用Fluent有限元软件建立了不同环境参数的混凝土箱形渡槽温度场、湿度场、湿热耦合场有限元模型。并分析不同工况对冬季渡槽的非耦合和全耦合状态下的温度效应的影响。分析结果表明,渡槽通水时冬季最不利温差为-14.7℃,不通水时为-6.3℃;渡槽通水时冬季最不利横向温差为-10.2℃,不通水时为-6.2℃;在湿度扩散过程中,沿板厚方向湿度由内向外逐渐减小,且吸水速度随时间的增大而减小;在湿热耦合过程中,全耦合场温度值小于非耦合场温度值,湿热全耦合作用的挠度变化值小于湿热非耦合作用下的挠度变化值,湿热耦合作用的拉应力小于湿热非耦合作用下的拉应力值,因此,湿热全耦合作用对渡槽结构变形有利。     

太原日报社新闻大楼蓄能系统的改造

冬季供暖系统采用的是电热锅炉。为了利用电网的分时电价差以节省运行费用,太原日报社新闻大楼的电锅炉只在夜间用电低谷时段运行,将热水储存于三个水箱中(共有四个水箱)供白天大楼里各房间采暖,但夏季空调系统却没有利用水箱蓄冷。在原有蓄热水的基础上,提出了夏季蓄冷的改造方案。根据现有设备的情况和对多种水蓄冷系统进行比较。本着投资小、蓄冷量大、系统简单和操作方便的原则,确定采用自然分层的水蓄冷方案。该方案在满足用户冷负荷的需求下,一个夏季可节省运行费27 022.8元。     

Influence of O2/Ar ratio on the properties of transparent conductive niobium-doped ZnO films

Niobium-doped ZnO transparent conductive films are deposited on glass substrates by radio frequency sputtering at 300℃. The influence of O2/Ar ratio on the structural, electrical and optical properties of the as-deposited films is investigated by X-ray diffraction, Hall measurement and optical transmission spectroscopy. The lowest resistivity of 4.0×10^-4Ω· cm is obtained from the film deposited at the O2/Ar ratio of 1/12. The average optical transmittance of the films is over 90%.     

回热型三元溶液吸收式制冷系统实验研究

基于无回热型氨-水-溴化锂三元溶液无泵吸收式制冷系统较传统系统的热力性能好、初投资费用少和安全性高,提出了3种回热型系统的改进方案,并做了系统比较和实验分析.方案Ⅰ,在wNH3=50%,wLiBr=15%时,系统性能系数(COP)提高约27.8%;方案Ⅱ,在同等条件下,COP提高约65%.可见,增加回热流程后,COP得到了显著提高.对改进型方案Ⅱ存在的问题做了讨论,提出了新的改进方案Ⅲ.     

用于余热回收的三压力氨水动力循环的热力性能

为了提高低温余热动力回收系统的吸收驱动力和增强蒸发器抗低温腐蚀的能力,提出了三压力氨水吸收式动力循环(3p-AWPC).在卡列纳循环的基础上,添加了一个预热器,以分离器出口的稀溶液加热来自高压氨泵的工作溶液.采用Schulz方程、质量与能量守恒定律,对循环倍率、工作成分、基本成分、热源温度和冷源温度进行优化分析,研究工作浓度与基本浓度最佳配对关系.给出了在热源温度为200℃及冷却水温度为25℃条件下,3p-AWPC方案的热力性能优化算例.结果表明,动力回收效率为9.62%,比相同冷热源进口参数条件下水蒸气朗肯循环(SRC)的动力回收效率约增加16.5%.