水厂排泥水处理的化学调质研究

通过测量Zeta电位、界面沉降性能及比阻,对应用高分子絮凝剂、表面活性剂、石灰、酸和碱进行水厂排泥水的化学调质处理效果进行了研究.结果表明:有机高分子絮凝剂对污泥的调质效果明显优于无机絮凝剂,且调质效果随絮凝剂相对分子质量的增大而加强;阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTAC)调质对污泥处理有促进作用而阴离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)却有负面影响;投加石灰能有效地降低污泥比阻(SRF),但对污泥沉淀无明显改善且增加了泥饼干重;污泥的沉淀和脱水性能随pH值的降低而改善.     

铁法矿务局煤泥水过滤性能的研究

通过实验得出,铁法矿务局煤泥水不经加药处理,污泥比阻ｒ＝３１６×１０１１ｃｍ／ｇ,该值太大,属于极难过滤污泥·经过加药处理后,ｒ＝００５７×１０１１ｃｍ／ｇ,该值变小,可以采用机械脱水设备进行脱水·     

嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌对市政污泥脱水性能的影响

嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌具有氧化亚铁离子及产酸的特性,可改变污泥颗粒表面电化学性质,从而改善污泥的脱水性能.本文研究了一株嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌生物酸化铁氧化效果,从pH、Fe(Ⅱ)含量及污泥比阻等方面探究其改善污泥脱水性的可行性及效果,并探究菌群不同接种量对污泥脱水效果的影响.实验结果表明,Fe2+可通过促进嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌进行生物酸化铁氧化生化过程,最终反应体系pH降为2.6左右,Fe2+含量基本为0,比阻降为0.57×1012m·kg-1,从而使污泥更易脱水.不同接种量会影响污泥的脱水性能.接种量越大,菌体氧化Fe(Ⅱ)能力越强且时间也越短,平衡时pH越低;当接种量大于50%时,最终pH可降至2.8;污泥的脱水性能得到明显改善.     

活性污泥的表面特性与其沉降脱水性能的关系

为改善活性污泥的沉降脱水性能,测定了实验室规模的反应器中培养的泥龄5、10、20 d的污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的总量和组成、絮体的粒径分布、Zeta电位及其沉降和脱水性能.研究结果表明:随着泥龄的延长,EPS的组成松散附着物(LB)和紧密粘附物(TB)两部分的质量比值(mLB/mTB)减小,小于10 μm的微小絮体数量减少,Zeta电位值也减小.EPS的总量对污泥的沉降脱水性能的影响很小,但其组成(LB、TB)有显著影响,mLB/mTB越大;污泥表面的Zeta电位值越大,小粒径的污泥颗粒则越多,污泥的沉降脱水性能变差.因此,通过改变运行条件,减小mLB/mTB和Zeta电位,可改善污泥的沉降脱水性能.     

微波联合Fenton试剂对污泥脱水性能的影响研究

将微波辐射应用于污泥脱水,研究污泥在不同微波辐射强度和辐射时间后污泥比阻、泥饼含水率和溶解性化学需氧量的变化,探讨微波辐射对污泥结构破坏的相关机理.结果表明,微波辐射可明显改善污泥脱水性能,微波辐射能越高,最佳微波辐射时间越短,低强度短时间的微波辐射难以改变污泥性质.微波联合Fenton试剂能提高污泥脱水性能,先微波后投加Fenton试剂比先投加Fenton试剂后微波效果更好.     

九龙江流域水厂污泥脱水性能的实验研究

根据九龙江流域净水厂污泥的颗粒性质,进行絮凝实验、污泥比阻和过滤实验,研究污泥的脱水性能.根据试验结果,适当投加聚丙烯酰胺可以降低污泥比阻,改善脱水性能.其中阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺对该地区水厂污泥的调制效果较好,并确定PAM投加范围以低于0.5‰为佳,不仅可以降低运行成本,而且在改善污泥的脱水性能及上清液水质的回用效果上,均可以达到最佳的状态.     

表面活性剂对活性污泥脱水性能和机理的研究

通过对污泥含水率和胞外聚合物（EPS）含量的测定,考察了阳离子表面活性剂(CTAC)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺（CPAM）对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,它们都有助于改善污泥的脱水性能,CPAM的最佳投药量为0.0106g/100mL污泥,表面活性剂投药量约为0.738g/100mL污泥,分别使污泥滤饼含水率降至80.28%,68.73%.为了进一步探讨表面活性剂对污泥的作用机理,实验通过观察表面活性剂处理前后污泥的电镜扫描照片（SEM）和粒径分布,发现经过表面活性剂处理的污泥原絮团被破坏,污泥表面呈网状结构;占体积分数90%的颗粒粒径都在52m以下,较原泥明显减小.实验表明,表面活性剂主要是通过破坏污泥结构释放内部结合水和溶出EPS来改善污泥脱水性能.     

表面活性剂CTAC对活性污泥的脱水性能及其机理研究

通过对污泥含水率和胞外聚合物(EPS)含量的测定,考察了阳离子表面活性剂(CTAC)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明,它们都有助于改善污泥的脱水性能,CPAM的最佳投药量为0.0106g/100mL污泥,表面活性剂投药量约为0.738g/100mL污泥,分别使污泥滤饼含水率降至80.28%和68.73%.为了进一步探讨表面活性剂对污泥的作用机理,实验通过观察表面活性剂处理前后污泥的电镜扫描照片(SEM)和粒径分布,发现经过表面活性剂处理的污泥原絮团被破坏,污泥表面呈网状结构;占体积分数90%的颗粒粒径都在52μm以下,较原泥明显减小.实验表明,表面活性剂主要是通过破坏污泥结构释放内部结合水和溶出EPS来改善污泥脱水性能.     

工业石膏在自来水厂污泥调解和脱水中的作用

自来水厂污泥的处理和利用是一个至今没有得到完全解决的问题,通常的做法是将其直接排放或脱水后填埋.在实验研究的基础上,论述了采用工业石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)和有机聚合物对自来水厂污泥进行双重调解进而脱水的方法.实验结果表明,用11(工业石膏和有机聚合物的重量比)的投量对自来水厂污泥进行双重调解可明显改善污泥的过滤性能.脱水实验证明双重调解后的污泥经机械脱水,其泥饼含水率可比单纯有机聚合物调解后脱水的泥饼含水率低大约7个百分点.此项研究的意义在于探索自来水厂污泥脱水后农用及作为人工湿地填料的可能性,同时也为自来水厂污泥脱水后的最终处置探索新思路.     

Fenton-絮凝联合调理对污泥脱水性能影响

为改善污泥脱水性能并比较不同调理方法的优劣,采用絮凝、Fenton氧化及Fenton-絮凝联合对城市污水处理厂剩余污泥进行调理。研究以滤饼含水率、污泥比阻(SRF)、上清液浊度、胞外聚合物(EPS)作为评价指标,综合考察试剂投加量、反应时间、污泥pH等因素对污泥脱水性能的影响及其最佳条件。结果表明:在H_2O_2、Fe~(2+)的投加量分别为4 g/L、30 mg/L,Fenton反应时间为60 min时,Fenton氧化对污泥絮体的破解效果最佳。该最佳Fenton反应条件下进行污泥絮凝调理,投加CPAM 60 mg/L、调节初始pH为5,污泥调理效果最佳,使得滤饼含水率、上清液浊度、SRF分别降低了24.56%、42.12%、66.67%。Fenton-絮凝联合调理对于污泥脱水性能的改善显然优于单独絮凝调理。Fenton试剂可通过强氧化作用有效破解污泥絮体的EPS,进而有效降低污泥含水率;CPAM的絮凝作用使污泥比阻大大降低,提高了污泥脱水性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

正~~