应力强度因子KⅡ的光弹性测定

作者采用了四点剪切加载方案,作了纯Ⅱ型裂纹K_I的测定.实验表明:光弹性法既能应用于测试Ⅰ型及混合型裂纹的应力强度因子,且能应用于纯Ⅱ型裂纹应力强度因子的测试,本文对Ⅱ型裂纹的断裂研究有一实的参考价值.     

关于裂纹扩展速率测度中几个问题的分析

本文疲劳试验表明．在疲劳裂纹扩展过程中，试件表面和内部裂纹扩展情况不同，其 本质是扩展速率不等，不是滞后问题，由表面与内部裂纹长度的差别而引起的k误差不可 忽视。本文提出了对表面直读法的修正公式和修正方法．最后讨论了直三点弯曲试件在da／ dN测试中裂纹长度的合理取值范围。     

岩石断裂韧度测试技术研究

提出了在Instron电液伺服控制试验机上进行岩石断裂韧度测试的一种新的测试技术和方法．对控制中的应变通道作了有效的扩展改进，从而可成功地同时获得试样上3个点的位移信号（2个加载点位移LPDⅠ，LPDⅡ以及裂纹嘴张开位移CMOD），文中所提出的V型切口三点弯曲、短棒拉伸测试装置以及多功能岩石加工机成功地解决了岩石断裂试样制备中的难题．试验表明，本文提出的测试技术和研制的加工测试装置不但具有很高的精度，而且也非常方便、经济和有效．特别适用于岩石、混凝土和陶瓷材料的断裂韧度测试和研究．     

压剪应力作用下复杂形状多裂纹应力强度因子

探讨了压剪条件下复杂形状裂隙间的相互作用对应力强度因子的影响．利用裂纹孤立原理将原始问题分解为5个只含单一直裂纹的问题．根据裂纹表面应力自由的边界条件，利用伪力的Legendre多项式展开和连续分布位错使相互作用裂隙边界条件得以满足，最后推导了第1种Cauchy型和第1种Fredholm型奇异积分方程．该方法可以解决弯折裂纹、周期性排列的裂纹相互作用对应力强度因子的影响．数值结果表明，本文解与精确解、BEM解吻合较好，表明本方法是正确、可行的．     

双材料悬臂梁孔边界面裂纹应力强度因子计算

采用有限元方法求解了在压缩载荷作用下双材料悬臂梁孔边界面裂纹问题．在界面裂纹尖端的周围,使用了由8节点二维等参单元退化而产生的四分之一节点奇异单元来模拟裂尖应力的奇异性．在有限元分析中,考虑了裂纹面的接触作用．应用最小二乘法计算了Ⅱ型应力强度因子．数值结果表明：孔的尺寸对Ⅱ型应力强度因子和裂纹面接触压力有很大的影响;随着摩擦系数的增大,Ⅱ型应力强度因子减少．忽略裂纹面的摩擦作用,Ⅱ型应力强度因子可能被高估．     

Ⅰ型裂纹尖端圆弧对应力强度因子的影响

应力强度因子表征了裂纹尖端奇异应力场的强度,它是研究裂纹扩展规律和带裂纹构件强度的基础。本文采用有限元法,对受均布荷载作用存在边缘Ｉ型裂纹的平面板进行了数值分析。研究了裂纹尖端圆弧对应力强度因子的影响,分别计算了具有不同裂尖圆弧 的Ｉ型裂纹的应力强度因子。采用应力法计算不同半径处的表观应力强度因子,插值到裂尖圆弧而得。根据计算结果,绘制KⅠ-r0曲线,利用最小二乘法拟合至尖裂纹（r0=0）即得理想尖裂纹的应力强度因子,与解析解相差仅0.7%。该曲线为带圆弧裂纹的应力强度因子测试和带圆弧裂纹构件强度计算提供了依据     

纤维增强摩阻材料增强增韧机理的SEM研究

利用日本JXA-840型扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对研制的新型摩擦制动材料冲击断口进行测试，结果表明纤维的断裂、纤维的拔出、纤维的桥接、界面脱粘及裂纹分叉、转向对提高摩阻材料的冲击韧性有极大的贡献，纤维对主裂纹的发展有阻碍作用，延缓了主裂纹的增长速度，在其他条件不变的情况下，纤维拔出的长度增加，吸收能量增大，材料的冲击强度也提高．裂纹的扩展方向对摩阻材料的韧性起着很重要的作用．     

反平面剪切(Ⅲ型)加载下岩石断裂特征的有限元分析

采用有限元方法分析了在反平面剪切（Ⅲ型）加栽下岩石裂纹尖端的应力场及其尺寸效应，探讨了岩石在Ⅲ型加栽下的起裂角与断裂机理，并与实验结果加以对比．结论表明，在Ⅲ型加栽条件下，岩石不一定产生沿原裂纹面裂纹扩展的Ⅲ型断裂．当试件的最大剪应力与最大拉应力之比τmcr／σ1小于其临界值之比τ1／σ2时，往往产生偏离原裂纹面方向而沿着最大拉应力方向的拉伸（Ⅰ型）断裂，断裂轨迹为一空问螺旋面．为实现Ⅲ型加栽下沿原裂纹面扩展的Ⅲ型断裂，建议采用S／L〉0．8和a/w〈0．2的反平面冲剪试件．     

激光散斑法对冻土微裂纹形貌和发展过程的研究

将激光散斑法用于冻土材料,得出了裂纹尖端存在一个微裂纹损伤区（或称为断裂过程区）的结论．通过对裂纹尖端一系列散斑图的逐点分析,绘出了微裂纹区随载荷增加而发展的形貌及其全过程,测定了裂纹嘴张开位移的临界值δＣ,从而为冻土材料的宏微观力学行为研究及弹塑性断裂韧度测试分析提供了有效的途径．     

虚裂纹扩展法计算J积分的研究

本文将虚裂纹扩展法用于断裂问题的有限元分析，编制了计算二维Ⅰ型静态和动态Ｊ积分的程序，并对受静载的线弹性材料和线性硬化弹塑性材料的中。Ｃ裂纹问题以及受动载的线弹性材料中心裂纹问题进行了具体计算．将所得结果与位移外推法、直接积分法作了比较，表明采用虚裂纹扩展法计算Ｊ积分具有方法简单、精度很高、一致性好等优点．计算也表明，采用裂端楔形奇异单元可大大提高计算精度．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has