大跨度斜拉桥钢塔施工阶段振动控制

以南京长江第三大桥为例，进行了斜拉桥钢塔施工阶段的动力特性测试和振动控制．通过环境振动、人力激振和调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）激振的方式测试了代表性施工状态时，钢塔和塔吊结构体系的模态振型、频率和阻尼，结果表明，施工阶段南京三桥钢塔无控阻尼值高于国外（日本）同等规模钢塔阻尼平均值．依据实测的结构动力特性设计了TMD和调谐液体阻尼器（TLD）参数并实现了现场参数调节．为评价制振效果，分别对TMD和TLD工作与非工作状态（无控）时的结构阻尼进行了测试分析，表明安装TMD和TLD提高了结构的阻尼，具有良好的制振效果且满足设计的要求．     

南京长江三桥设计与施工创新概述

本文围绕南京长江三桥钢塔和深水基础两大关键项目,简述该桥在设计、施工中的创新要点。     

钢塔节段水平预拼装关键技术研究

通过对泰州长江公路大桥钢塔柱预拼装方案的选择和关键工艺的研究，提出结构形式复杂的钢塔节段预拼装工艺选择原则。在研究了钢塔节段预拼环境的影响、支撑条件、金属接触率等水平预拼装关键工艺控制项点后，成功地解决了泰州桥钢塔节段水平预拼装中的技术难题。钢塔节段水平预拼装填补了我国钢塔制造的技术空白，为后续复杂钢塔节段水平预拼装方案选择提供了有力基础。     

钢构拱门式斜塔斜拉桥主塔施工技术研究

本文通过对钢拱门式斜拉桥的施工,主要对钢拱门的制作、拼装、整体竖转的施工技术进行研究,通过施工实际应用,认为钢拱门主塔地面拼装、整体竖转施工技术等技术成功运用,尤其是地面拼装、整体竖转技术中的铰链设计与定位、承重塔设计与施工、钢塔竖转受力体系平衡及千斤顶同步控制技术等核心技术的应用为今后类似工程施工积累了丰富的经验。     

悬索桥钢索塔下塔柱大节段吊装施工技术

泰州大桥为国内首次主跨跨径超越千米的三塔两跨悬索桥,中塔首次采用纵向人字型、横向门字型钢结构塔。文章对钢塔下塔柱大节段安装、定位、调位及设备选型、精度控制等施工技术作简单的介绍。     

大跨径悬索桥钢塔塔底钢混连接处承压板后压浆施工技术

泰州大桥为三塔两跨悬索桥，中塔纵桥向为人字型钢塔，两条斜腿在塔座顶面用螺杆锚固，通过钢塔D0段承压板与塔座顶面传递压力。塔座顶面混凝土具有双向斜坡度，在塔座顶面预留压浆空隙，待钢塔D0段安装定位后，再对预留空隙采用压浆机压入无收缩高强度水泥浆作为承压板的支承面。文章简要介绍了D0段承压板压浆施工技术及施工工艺。     

桥梁钢塔涂料防火效果的实验研究

钢结构耐火性能差,钢塔作为桥梁的主要承重结构,在火灾中可能造成桥梁坍塌的严重后果。以泰州大桥钢塔为原型设计了缩比试验,以钢塔表面温度达到200℃作为钢塔受损判别准则,研究危化品罐车火灾场景中桥梁钢塔进行涂料防护的防火效果。实验表明:未涂覆防火涂料时,钢表面最高平均温度可达到临界温度200℃;超薄型、薄型、厚型防火涂料均能有效降低钢板表面温度;厚型防火涂料实验效果最为明显,最高平均温度只有64℃。实验研究结果可为制定桥梁钢结构防火设计规范提供基础数据。     

大跨度斜拉桥钢塔制振方案与参数分析

以南京长江第三大桥为例研究了大跨度斜拉桥钢塔施工阶段所需的制振目标及制振措施．参考相关资料确立了主塔制振所需的制振目标，并依据风洞试验结果建立制振器的设计目标值．根据该桥的固有频率范围和实际安装空间等条件选择了合理的制振方案，分别采用调谐质量阻尼器（TMD）和调谐液体阻尼器（TLD）完成不同施工状态和风速时对涡激振动的制振，进而进行了制振器的参数优化和装置设计．对制振器参数完成了敏感性分析，最终确认了使用环境下制振器对钢塔的不同施工阶段制振时的制振效果和鲁棒性能．     

脉动风作用下气象钢塔的结构风振响应研究

以脉动风作用下沿海某气象钢塔的风振响应为研究对象,采用谐波叠加法对脉动风载荷进行模拟并验证其有效性,得到作用于气象钢塔各层上的脉动风载荷时历。建立塔架结构的空间三维有限元分析模型,进行有限元仿真,采用时域方法计算钢塔的风振动力响应,为气象钢塔的前期设计和振动控制提供必要的技术参考。分析结果表明,在50年一遇风载荷作用下,该气象钢塔的最大风振位移为0.013 m,在规范要求范围内,塔架设计具有合理性。     

人字型钢塔制造总体工艺设计

泰州大桥钢中塔首次采用纵向人字型钢塔结构,制造安装难度大,通过对钢混结合段、整体式塔柱节段、下塔柱合龙段等不同结构形式的钢塔节段的特点开展针对性分析,提出不同的钢塔节段制造工艺方案,并通过泰州大桥实践,为今后采用高强厚钢板、结构形式复杂的钢塔柱制造提供了借鉴及技术保障。     

Introduction to steel pylon hoisting of Taizhou Yangtze Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge is the first three-pylon two-span suspension bridge in the world. The middle pylon adopts deep water caisson foundation. The superstructure of the middle pylon employs herringbone shape along the bridge, and portal shape in the transverse direction for the first time in China. In this paper, the basic construction procedure, equipment, construction steps, the key construction technologies and methods of steel pylon are introduced.     

Key technology for construction of connection between steel pylon and concrete pile cap of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge is a suspension bridge with three pylons and two 1080m main spans. The middle pylon is a steel frame with longitudinal herringbone shape and lateral gate shape. The connection between steel pylon and concrete pile cap is a key part to transfer the huge inner force from the pylon to the foundation. Its construction quality is a critical factor to the overall structural loading of the whole bridge, therefore the contact ratio between the bearing steel plate of pylon and concrete pile cap is required to be over 75%. The inclined joint surface in two directions, longitudinally at 39/1920 and laterally at 1/4, posted a challenge to the construction works. Technological tests were carried out to find an optimal construction method by comparison, and finally the Post-Injection method was selected as it can meet the requirement of concrete strength and contact ratio at the connection. The successfully application of the Post-Injection method at Taizhou Yangtze River Bridge has provided an example and reference for similar projects in the future.     

Wind tunnel study on wind induced vibration of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

Full aero-elastic model tests are carried out to investigate wind-induced vibration of middle steel pylon of Taizhou Bridge. Model of the pylon under different construction periods is tested in both uniform and turbulent flow field. And the yaw angle of wind changes from transverse to longitudinal. Through full aero-elastic model testing, wind-induced vibration is checked, which includes vortex resonance, buffeting and galloping. Vortex resonance is observed and further studies are carried out by changing damping ratio. Based on wind tunnel testing results, wind-resistance of middle pylon is evaluated and some suggestions are given for middle pylon’s construction.     

Construction and alignment control of the middle steel pylon of Taizhou Bridge

In this paper, the general construction procedure of the steel middle pylon is briefly introduced. The alignment control of the pylon is carried out during the whole process of the construction. The control concept is extended to the manufacture stage. The manufacturing alignment errors are strictly controlled in the segments precast process in factory, and the errors are recognized and predicted precisely during the installation stage. The adjusting joints are employed to amend the accumulated errors, which ensure that the steel pylon alignment could satisfy the precision requirements after installation.     

苏通大桥挑战与创新

由于复杂的气象条件和地理环境,建设苏通大桥是一个巨大的挑战.苏通大桥采用2.85m大直径工程钢护筒作为支撑桩成功搭设施工平台,将平台误差控制在5cm以内,将100m长桩的倾斜度控制在1/200以内;将临时结构钢套箱用作防船撞结构,有效解决桥墩防撞安全问题;采用集中控制的千斤顶群顶技术实现了双向潮汐河段6000t钢套箱整体沉放,同步误差控制在1cm以内;采用临时防护与永久防护相结合的冲刷防护方法,有效抑制河床冲刷,保证了基础施工和运营安全;采用温度与风修正和追踪棱镜法解决了索塔施工测量与控制难题,提高了复杂条件下高耸结构施工测量工效,将300m索塔施工误差控制在10mm以内,倾斜度控制在1/40000以内.     

Research on dynamic characteristics model test scheme for middle pylon of multi pylon multi span suspension bridges

Multi-pylon multi-span suspension bridge is a new type super flexible structure system, and the rigidity design of middle pylon is one of the main difficult technical issues. Due to the requirements of longitudinal rigidity, the structural form and the corresponding foundation type of middle pylon are different from those of the ordinary steel pylon, and the complicated dynamic characteristics make the calculation quite difficult. In this article, exploration has been made in selection of similarity ratio, selection of model materials, section simulation, restriction conditions simulation, fixing of mass blocks, fabrication scheme and testing method by taking into account different construction and working conditions such as restriction conditions and working environment of a 3-pylon suspension bridge, to conduct the test experimental design of the dynamic behavior of the middle pylon, with the purpose to reveal its dynamic characteristics and make comparison and analysis with theoretical assumptions, to provide basis for anti-wind and anti-seismic design and as a reference for the design and research of 3-pylon 2-span suspension bridges in the future.     

Research on key technologies in design of middle pylon of Taizhou Bridge

At the middle pylon of a three-pylon two-span suspension bridge, the effect of unbalanced loads on the adjacent spans may result in a series of technical bottlenecks in design, such as stability and anti-slippage between saddles and main cables. This article presents the researches conducted on structure selection and behavior characteristics of middle pylon, interaction mechanism between main cables and saddles and their anti-slippage safety performance, elastic and plastic stability analysis and safety assessment of steel middle pylon, and fatigue design load and method for steel pylon of Taizhou Bridge. According to the research results, a longitudinal inverted Y shape steel middle pylon is used in design, effectively solving many technical difficulties, and this type of pylon has become a suitable middle pylon structural form for many three-pylon two-span suspension bridges.     

钢桥塔的塔形力学特性分析

采用空间梁单元建立了几种典型钢桥塔的数值分析模型,对不同塔形进行静力和稳定分析,得到了不同塔形、相同塔形采用不同构造的静力和稳定特性.分析结果表明：不同塔型、构造对索塔的稳定性具有显著影响,在抵抗面内失稳、扭转失稳的能力方面,倒V形、A形桥塔具有明显优势;H形桥塔随横梁的上移,其抵抗面内失稳和抗扭转能力明显增加;对于A形桥塔,横梁的上移,降低了抵抗面内失稳能力;可以根据工程要求选择不同塔形.将采用空间梁单元进行第二类稳定分析得到的极限承载力与采用板壳单元分析模型得到的结果进行了对比.结果表明：局部失稳比整体失稳早先发生,局部失稳控制钢桥塔的设计;在稳定极限承载能力状态下,两种模型计算得到的桥塔应力分布规律接近,两者进入塑性区域的位置基本一致.     

钢桥塔与塔吊联合体系抖振响应试验研究

研究了自立状态钢桥塔与塔吊组成的联合体系的抖振性能及塔吊对钢桥塔抖振响应的影响.通过钢桥塔与塔吊共同作用的联合气弹模型风洞试验与自立状态桥塔气弹模型风洞试验,识别出了两种体系的模态参数并获得了不同风速及不同风偏角下两种体系的抖振响应,对风速与风偏角的影响规律进行了总结与比较,对比研究了联合体系中塔吊与桥塔在顺桥向、横桥向的振动响应差异.结果表明,钢桥塔与塔吊的风致抖振位移响应均值可以近似表示为风速的二次函数,位移响应均方差则表现出一定的波动性,塔吊会显著减小钢桥塔抖振位移响应的均值与均方差,钢桥塔与塔吊风致抖振响应存在明显的风偏角效应,塔吊的局部振动效应使得顺桥向塔吊位移相对桥塔位移存在明显的放大效应,而横桥向存在一定的缩小效应.     

基于ANSYS的主塔施工阶段静风受力分析

帆型桥体造型优美,倒映在水中的桥影恰似一艘帆船,给人以简约大方,迎风前行的感觉。某斜拉桥在横向桥采用单柱式塔型,纵桥向采用了帆型桥塔,主塔迎风面积较大,风对帆型结构产生的侧向推力也较大,有必要对桥塔施工过程进行抗风分析。为验算某斜拉主塔施工过程中,桥塔抗风是否符合安全要求,本文利用有限元程序ANSYS对其中三个工况进行分析计算。在模型中设置横撑和拉杆,对比有无横撑和拉杆对桥塔的影响,为工程施工提供参考依据。验算不均匀风速对帆型桥塔的影响,为结构设计提供参考依据。