基于 VANETs 下的决策树多副本机会路由协议

在车载自组织网络（vehicular Ad hoc networks,VANETs）中,当节点缓存和消息副本数目被限制的情况下,如何合理地选择车载网络的路由节点是实现VANETs高效转发和投递的关键问题。为此提出了一种基于学习方法的决策树理论的多副本VANETs机会路由协议（D-Tree）。D-Tree将VANETs中节点间的传输和连接因素看做多个属性的集合,并与决策树方法得到一个消息转发规则,同时结合多副本路由与机会路由的“存储─携带─转发”优势进行消息投递。真实数据集上的实验结果表明,在场景密集的情况下,D-Tree相比于Bubble和S＆W路由算法投递成功率提高了近10％,同时在投递延迟等方面也具有明显优势。     

基于移动agent的机坪机会传输控制方法

针对民航机坪设备监控网络中存在过量数据分组而造成的数据拥塞和网络时延等问题,提出基于机会转发的路由算法.结合机坪与特种车辆的工况运行特点,建立了基于机会网络的机坪设备监控系统和节点移动模型;详述了基于移动agent的机坪机会网络路由算法机制,即依据消息权重计算消息副本的产生数量,将节点移动方向和自由度考虑进消息副本的产生与二叉发送中,再根据消息分组的优先级和缓存时长确定数据的缓存与释放顺序;在ONE环境下进行了试验验证.仿真结果表明:优化后的算法能有效减缓消息副本数量过多造成的数据冗余,降低路由开销和通信时延,将消息投递率提升27.78%;在路由资源有限的情况下,保障机坪设备工况数据在传输时具有稳定性和时效性.     

基于混合策略的机会网络路由算法

针对机会网络中传统路由算法对转发节点的选择考虑不周,导致消息投递率较低和网络性能不高的问题,提出一种基于混合策略的路由算法BHS(routing algorithm for opportunistic network Based on Hybrid Strategy)。该算法根据转发节点的剩余缓存空间百分比、剩余能量状态、与目的节点相遇概率以及信任度4个因素,计算各个转发节点将消息成功投递到目的节点的混合策略值,通过综合转发策略来决定消息最佳的下一跳转发节点。仿真结果表明,与传染路由以及单方面考虑转发节点能量、缓存空间、概率和信任度的路由相比,BHS在消息投递率、平均延迟时间和平均缓存时间等方面比上述路由协议的性能更好。     

一种用于信息隐蔽传输的高效DTN路由算法

作为一种间歇性连接的网络,延迟容忍网络(DTN)中的消息通过节点间的机会性相遇完成投递,这种多跳、随机的传递方式使得消息难以被追踪,因此DTN非常适合实现信息的隐蔽传输.然而在DTN中节点之间的连接频繁断开限制了传输效率,且现有的DTN路由并未针对隐蔽传输的安全性进行相关研究.为保证隐蔽传输的通信质量和安全性,提出一种路由算法,首先利用节点的静态社会特征和实时相遇情况设计一种高效的消息转发策略以提高消息的投递效率;其次考虑到过多的消息副本在增加投递概率的同时也会增加暴露的风险,根据网络连通情况对副本数进行了动态设置.最后,将提出的算法与DTN经典算法进行仿真对比,结果显示本算法能够提高DTN的消息投递率,减少网络开销,同时提高消息的安全性.     

基于社交效用向量的机会网络路由算法

针对传统机会网络路由协议未考虑到节点社会性的问题,根据机会社会网络中节点呈现出周期稳定性和规律性,利用节点累计的历史信息组成"社交效用向量"来预测网络拓扑结构的变化,提出了基于社交效用向量的机会网络路由算法.该算法中每个节点都携带各自的社交效用向量,根据节点与目标节点是否属于同一社区及节点的社交延迟度控制消息的转发次数,同时将连通时长、社交有效性用于决策消息转发,避免消息的碎片化.在真实数据集PMTR上进行仿真实验,从转发消息数、数据包平均延迟及投递成功率三方面将该算法与Epidemic、Prophet经典算法对比,分析了消息生存时间和节点缓存空间对路由性能的影响.仿真实验表明,该算法与Epidemic、Prophet算法相比,减小了延迟率和误码率,提高了投递成功率,同时在转发消息数方面略优于两种经典算法.     

机会网络中基于消息副本数量的自适应缓存管理策略

机会网络中,消息副本数越多,其成功投递的概率越大.首先根据网络历史信息来估计消息的副本数量,并证明网络中生存时间相同的消息的副本数服从正态分布,进而设计出基于消息副本数量的自适应缓存管理方案.仿真结果显示,此缓存管理方案在不增加网络负载率的条件下,可以有效提高消息成功投递率,降低网络平均时延.     

基于局部社会关系预测的机会网络路由协议

由于机会网络中的节点具有移动性,因此网络中的路由链路都是暂时的、不稳定的.并且这些移动设备都是由人类使用者携带,节点之间具有很强的社会关系.根据节点间的社会关系,提出了一种依靠过去局部社会性信息,预测中继节点转发能力的机会网络路由协议PLSR(Prediction of Local Sociality Routing).PLSR综合考虑节点间相遇频次和相遇接触时间长度对转发能力的影响,利用熟悉度和中介中心性的效用函数进行消息的转发,同时对消息的副本数量进行控制.采用Cambridge数据集进行仿真实验,结果表明,该路由与Epidemic路由、Bubble Rap路由相比具有较高的成功消息传递率和较低的转发成本,但消息的平均传输延迟较高.     

DTNs中一种基于节点有效交互度和效用的节能路由算法

延迟容忍网络是一种通过节点机会通信的网络类型.由于该网络中节点不易预测的移动性模式和容易中断的连接,路由算法一直是DTNs中研究的重点.但是目前从节省能量消耗角度提出的路由算法较少.文章提出一种基于节点有效交互度和效用的节能路由策略.首先,从节点有效交互度出发来进行转发传输速率控制,在节能与转发成功率之间自适应调整.其次,从节点效用出发设置消息携带者转发概率,选择合适的节点进行消息转发,避免网络产生过多消息副本.再次,仿真实验结果显示,与其他路由算法相比,该文提出的算法在保障网络消息传递率的基础上可以降低约6%～15%节点能量消耗.     

移动社交网络中基于朋友圈的路由机制

针对移动社交网络(mobile social network,MSN)中节点连接的间断性和资源的有限性问题,提出一种基于朋友圈的路由机制,以快速高效地实现数据路由.以园区型MSN为应用场景,首先提出了基于核心边和阈值的朋友圈构造算法,将网络划分成联系紧密的重叠朋友圈结构;所提机制采用单副本模型,引入萤火虫智能优化算法,利用其趋光行为和随机扰动行为在朋友圈内部和朋友圈之间智能地选择中继节点,从而进行高效的消息路由.仿真结果表明,与直接投递路由、先知路由以及社区感知机会路由相比,该机制显著提高了消息交付率,平均跳数较少,降低了网络开销及平均延迟,具有较好的性能.     

一种基于转交效用的多副本机会网络路由协议

为了提高机会网络的传输效率,该文在分析现有“存储-携带-转发”传输模型的的基础上,提出一种基于转交效用的多副本传输方法.该方法根据节点历史相遇的时间和空间信息计算节点的递交概率预测值,并将其应用到散发策略和转发递交策略中,使节点在选择下一跳节点时能够预先判断其到达目的节点的效率,从而选择一条最优路径,提高了副本投递的能力.仿真结果表明,该路由算法具有较高的报文成功递交率、较低的平均网络延时,以及较低的网络开销,适合于通信不稳定的机会网络.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has