Immunomodulating effects in vitro of a hydroxythiazolobenzimidazole in the absence of mitogenicity

Summary Wy-13, 876, a hydroxythiazolobenzimidazole, enhanced in vitro antibody formation by mouse spleen cells immunized with sheep red blood cells. The optimal dose was 25–50 g/culture. The compound did not have a mitogenic effect at any dose.     

Studies on experimental ancylostomiasis: transfer of acquired immunity to Ancylostoma caninum in mice through sensitized thymus and bone marrow cells.

An attempt has been made to transfer acquired immunity to Ancylostoma caninum infective larvae from infected Swiss albino female mice to nonimmune, isologous recipients of same sex, through immunized thymus and bone marrow cells. Immunized cells from donors infected with a single high dose of 1000 larvae were found to be more immunocompetent than cells from donors infected with a single, but low dose of 500 larvae.     

Studies on experimental ancylostomiasis: Transfer of acquired immunity toAncylostoma caninum in mice through sensitized thymus and bone marrow cells

Summary An attempt has been made to transfer acquired immunity toAncylostoma caninum infective larvae from infected Swiss albino female mice to nonimmune, isologous recipients of same sex, through immunized thymus and bone marrow cells. Immunized cells from donors infected with a single high dose of 1000 larvae were found to be more immunocompetent than cells from donors infected with a single, but low dose of 500 larvae.Acknowledgment. We are indebted to Professor B. M. Sinha for providing facilities and to Council of Scientific and industrial Research, New Delhi for funds.     

Differentiation of human megakaryocytes in culture starting from the primordial circulating cells in the newborn]

Human neonatal blood mononuclear cells were seeded in plasma clot containing high dose of a crude erythropietin. Pure megakaryocyte colonies were observed rarely and most of the colonies were mixed, megakaryocytes being located between subcolonies of erythrocytic bursts. The megakaryocytic nature of large cells could be clearly confirmed by the presence of platelet peroxidase, demarcation membranes, and alpha granules detected by electron microscopy; in addition mature micromegakaryocytes were recognized, shedding platelets.     

Steroid hormones enhanced sister-chromatid exchange in cultured CHO cells

The influence of steroid hormones on the induction of sister-chromatid exchange (SCE) in cultured CHO cells was studied. It was observed that estradiol-17 beta, estriol, estrone and ethynyl estradiol treatments enhanced SCE rates compared to the controls. Overall, these compounds produced a dose response effect. The importance of a detailed study on the long-term genetic effects of steroids on mammalian cells is emphasized.     

Rejection of worm load through singly and repeatedly sensitized peritoneal exudate cells during experimental ancylostomiasis

Sensitized peritoneal exudate cells from Swiss albino mice donors infected with a single dose of 1000 A. caninum larvae could expel a challenge dose of 500 larvae from recipients at a faster rate when compared to cells from repeatedly infected (250 + 250 + 500) donors. However, at 36 h after challenge, the larval expulsion was almost the same in both the groups. Because of the bowel sensitization by the cells, some larvae (not expelled) in the 1st group, readily migrated into muscles where they met allergic immobilization and death due to infiltration of inflammatory cells and their exudates at these sites.     

Effect of periodate oxidation of glycoconjugates of lymphocyte membranes on the immune response in vitro]

Mouse spleen cells treated with sodium periodate for 10 min. at 4 degrees C are stimulated to undergo blastogenesis and to incorporate thymidine. The effect of such treatment on the antibody response in vitro induced by Sheep red blood cells has been evaluated. Periodate-induced proliferation is accompanied by a marked inhibition of the immune response to this antigen. At concentrations leading to mitogenesis, no cytotoxic effect of periodate was observed and treated cells survived well on tissue culture. Cell recoveries from samples treated with periodate at the optimal mitogenic dose, were markedly enhanced when harvested at different days after culturing wheras lower antibody forming cells numbers wereconsistently observed during the culture period.     

解聚复肾宁对大鼠肾小球系膜细胞增殖和细胞周期的影响

目的 观察中药复方解聚复肾宁（JJFSN）对高耱环境下大鼠肾小球系膜细胞（mesangial cell,MC）增殖和细胞周期的影响.方法 以高糖诱导MC增殖,采用血清药理学方法制备不同浓度JJFSN舍药血清,加入培养液中,用MTT法检测细胞增殖,流式细胞技术检测细胞周期.结果 MTT显示：JJFSN含药血清可抑制高糖诱导的MC过度增殖（P＜0.05）,并且这种作用具有药物剂量和时间依赖关系.流式细胞技术分析表明：JJFSN可逆转高糖对细胞周期的影响,使G0/G1期细胞比例增加,S期细胞比例下降（P＜0.05） 在高浓度时还能促进MC细胞凋亡.结论 JJFSN可以通过调节细胞周期,促进细胞凋亡,从而抑制高糖诱导的MC过度增殖,这可能是JJFSN防治DN早期的作用杌理.     

Relationships between neural crest cells and catecholamine in suckling mice.

In suckling mice injected i.p. with a 27 mg/kg dose of L-hydrochloric acid isoproterenol, multiple neural crest tumors developed and cell death of neural crest cells occurred. It is speculated that neural crest derivatives may be beta-receptor cells and contain regulatory units of neurotransmission mediated through cyclic AMP.     

Rejection of worm load through singly and repeatedly sensitized peritoneal exudate cells during experimental ancylostomiasis

Summary Sensitized peritoneal exudate cells from Swiss albino mice donors infected with a single dose of 1000A. caninum larvae could expel a challenge dose of 500 larvae from recipients at a faster rate when compared to cells from repeatedly infected (250+250+500) donors. However, at 36 h after challenge, the larval expulsion was almost the same in both the groups. Because of the bowel sensitization by the cells, some larvae (not expelled) in the 1st group, readily migrated into muscles where they met allergic immobilization and death due to infiltration of inflammatory cells and their exudates at these sites.Acknowledgment. We thank Professor H. Swarup for providing facilities and to the Council of Scientific and Industrial research, New Delhi for financial assistance.     

Uninterrupted protein synthesis is essential for survival in the early stages of carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatocellular necrosis in the mouse

The fatal syndrome produced by cycloheximide given 6 h after a hepatonecrogenic dose of CCl4 is due neither to direct toxic synergism between CCl4 and cycloheximide nor to transient sinusoidal thrombosis. It is suggested that survival in the presence of unknown factors released from dying liver cells requires uninterrupted protein synthesis. The life-saving effect of sterilization of the intestine by antibiotics indicates that the gut flora or its products play a vital role in pathogenesis.     

Evaluation of the hepatotoxicological effects of a drug in an in vivo/in vitro model

Both in vivo and in vitro models have certain disadvantages for the study of the chronic hepatotoxicity of drugs. The aim of this work was to evaluate a new approach based on an in vivo/in vitro model. After chronic in vivo treatment of rats with Vincamine and Vindeburnol (an eburnamenine derivative which exhibits hepatotoxic properties in man) liver cells were isolated, and functional and metabolic disorders (metabolic utilization of fructose and protein biosynthesis) were studied to determine injury. The results showed no modification of blood parameters, but a direct relationship between the dose of Vindeburnol administered in vivo and the metabolic disorders observed in vitro, evidencing the high sensitivity and reliability of this model.     

Evaluation of the hepatotoxicological effects of a drug in an in vivo/in vitro model.

Both in vivo and in vitro models have certain disadvantages for the study of the chronic hepatotoxicity of drugs. The aim of this work was to evaluate a new approach based on an in vivo/in vitro model. After chronic in vivo treatment of rats with Vincamine and Vindeburnol (an eburnamenine derivative which exhibits hepatotoxic properties in man) liver cells were isolated, and functional and metabolic disorders (metabolic utilization of fructose and protein biosynthesis) were studied to determine injury. The results showed no modification of blood parameters, but a direct relationship between the dose of Vindeburnol administered in vivo and the metabolic disorders observed in vitro, evidencing the high sensitivity and reliability of this model.     

Relationships between neural crest cells and catecholamine in suckling mice

Summary In suckling mice injected i.p. with a 27 mg/kg dose of L-hydrochloric acid isoproterenol, multiple neural crest tumors developed and cell death of neural crest cells occurred. It is speculated that neural crest derivatives may be -receptor cells and contain regulatory units of neurotransmission mediated through cyclic AMP.     

Parenteral soya bean fat emulsions potentiate the hepatotoxicity of E. coli endotoxin in suckling rats

A dose of soy bean fat emulsion which was injected i.v. in suckling rats accumulated in the cells of liver parenchyma, both in hepatocytes and in reticuloendothelial cells. Subsequent i.p. injection of E. coli endotoxin was followed by extensive liver tissue necrosis and increased activities of serum aspartic and alanine aminotransferase. These signs of liver damage were markedly more pronounced than those observed after the administration of E. coli endotoxin only.     

Stimulation of proliferation of rat spleen cells, in vitro, by a nonspecific acute inflammatory exudate. Modulation of cell response to phytohemagglutinin (PHA)]

The effect of an acute non-specific inflammatory exudate with mitogenic activity on macrophages in culture has been tested on the spontaneous and PHA-induced DNA synthesis of spleen cells in vitro. Stimulatory effect of this exudate was observed on spontaneous DNA synthesis which was detectable over a range of 1 : 4 to 1 : 4,000 concentrations. After optimal PHA stimulation, an inhibition of mitogen-induced DNA synthesis was observed when the cells were exposed to the highest concentrations (up to 1 : 128) of the exudate. Thereafter, the phenomenon could be reversed and the stimulation was maximal at a concentration of 1 : 2,000. When a sub-optimal dose of PHA was used, the simulatory effect was more pronounced and detected from 1 : 8 up to 1 : 4,000 concentrations.     

Combined action of nickel sulfate and x-irradiation on human lymphoblastoid leukemic cells]

In a first experiment, cells were cultured in media supplemented by nickel sulphate, irradiated in same media and cultured in same media after irradiation. In a second experiment, cells were cultured during 18 hrs. in media supplemented by nickel sulphate, and then cells were washed and cultured in normal media where they were irradiated. The nickel sulphate toxicity appears as a creasing function of the nickel sulphate concentration and the nickel sulphate action endurance. The nickel sulphate toxic effect is amplified by X-Rays. This amplification is a time function that depends on the X-Ray dose, nickel sulphate concentration and period of time from the outset of culture to the irradiation. The nickel sulphate toxic effect appears faster when nickel works after X-Rays.