低含铟浸出渣中铟的氧压酸浸实验及动力学研究

采用氧压酸浸的方法浸出低含铟浸出渣中的铟,研究铟的氧压酸浸过程及动力学;研究搅拌速率、浸出温度、初始硫酸浓度、氧分压、物料粒度对铟浸出率的影响。研究结果表明:在浸出温度为220℃,物料粒度为75~80μm,硫酸浓度为1.53 mol/L,转速为650 r/min,氧分压为0.60 MPa时,铟、锌和铜的浸出率分别为99.5%,95.36%和95.94%;铟的浸出过程符合未反应收缩核模型,前期受化学反应控制,然后转为混合控制,后期受固体产物层扩散控制;化学反应控制和固体产物层扩散控制过程的表观活化能分别为46.09 k J/mol和11.62 k J/mol。     

湿锌法净化钴渣中金属回收

从氨浸法和酸浸法两方面分析了湿法炼锌工艺净化钴渣中的金属回收方法,认为传统的硫酸浸出工艺是适合湿法炼锌高钴锌渣处理的最佳方法。酸浸后锌以硫酸锌溶液的形式返回主流程,再通过氧化沉钴或中和沉钴的方法回收钴。通过试验探讨了适合锌湿法冶金高钴锌渣的浸出方法,采用MgO选择性分步沉淀,可以得到含钴约40%的钴渣和含铜约36%的铜渣,钴总计沉淀率约94%。     

助溶酸浸硫铁矿烧渣的研究

采用常压下助溶酸浸的方法对提取硫铁矿烧渣中的铁进行了研究,得到硫铁矿烧渣中铁浸出率的影响因素及规律。结果表明,影响铁浸出率的主要因素为硫酸浓度、反应时间和温度、硫酸用量系数、助溶剂用量及热水用量;当硫酸用量系数为1.05、硫酸浓度为65%-70%、反应温度为125℃、反应时间为3-4 h、助溶剂用量为烧渣量的16%-20%、热水用量为烧渣量的1倍或1.8倍时,铁的浸出率可达95%以上。     

锌冶炼中酸浸渣的锌铅分离

研究了含亮铅锌矿经沸腾炉焙烧的挥发氧化物酸浸处理的浸渣的锌、铅分离，使用添加剂ＬＨＹ后，常压下用硫酸浸取，在实验条件下，锌的浸取率达９８％以上，而铅仍以硫酸铅的形式留在浸渣中，从而有效地将锌、铅分离，而其中稀有元素铟的浸出率也较高。     

用AC法从高锑低银类铅阳极泥中回收银和铅

用AC法处理高锑低银类铅阳极泥,其氯化浸出渣经转化脱氯、硅氟酸浸铅、氨水浸银和水合肼还原,得到含Ag大于95%的银粉,铅以硅氟酸铅溶液返回电解精炼.在V苏打溶液/m浸出渣=4mL/g,n苏打实=1.6n苏打理,转化时间为4h及温度为80℃的最佳转化条件下,铅、银、氯的平均转化率为91.42%;在V(H2SiF6)/m浸出渣=4mL/g,浸出时间为1h,温度为50～60℃的最佳浸铅条件下,硅氟酸浸铅率为85.74%～86.07%,硝酸浸铅率大于95%;在浸银过程中,银的浸出率约为94.0%,沉银率约为98.0%.在整个工艺中,银的直收率及总回收率分别为93.63%及98.80%,铅直收率为85.91%,总回收率98.99%.     

黑铜泥综合回收工艺研究

以黑铜泥为原料,分别以硫化钠浸出法、酸浸法、碱浸-硫浸联合法进行黑铜泥综合回收的实验研究.结果表明:硫化钠浸出法与酸浸法均不易实现黑铜泥中Cu、As、Sb的有效分离,而碱浸-硫浸联合法的分离效果较好,在NaOH物质的量浓度1mol/L、液固比为10∶1、反应时间为6h、温度80℃的条件下,黑铜泥中As的浸出率为92%,Cu、Sb的浸出率均低于3%.碱浸渣中的As、Sb采用硫化钠浸出,对硫浸液进行氧化处理可获得砷酸钠和锑酸钠产品.     

硫酸固化–浸出含钛高炉渣回收钛、铝、镁并分离硅

本研究采用了一种节能路线处理含钛高炉渣，即低温硫酸固化，低浓度硫酸溶液浸出的方法同时提取钛、铝、镁。系统地研究了硫酸固化–浸出含钛高炉渣的工艺参数，在最佳条件下钛、铝、镁的回收率分别达到85.96%、81.17%、93.82%。采用快速浸出模型，限制硅的溶解和聚合，硅的溶出率仅3.18%。研究了硫酸固化-浸出的机理。在硫酸固化过程中反应快速发生并急剧放热，在氢离子的进攻下，渣的结构被破坏，硅酸盐解聚形成可滤性二氧化硅，钛、铝、镁、钙离子被置换形成硫酸盐包裹在无定型二氧化硅颗粒表面。浸出液中钛、铝、镁得到回收，浸出残渣中富集硫酸钙和二氧化硅。该方法有效避免浸出过程硅溶胶的形成，固液分离得到加速。     

钛白废酸无焙烧直接浸出提钒短流程新工艺及装备研究

钒钛磁铁矿是我国主要提钒资源,广泛地分布于我国的攀枝花、承德地区。以钠化焙烧—水浸为代表的焙烧浸出工艺存在着污染环境、金属回收率不高的问题,目前正被逐步改进。据统计每生产1 t钛白粉就会排出20%的废酸8~10 t,而中国钛白行业年产废硫酸达到600万吨,直接排放将造成严重的环境污染。该报告围绕无焙烧直接加压酸浸提钒技术中的直接加压酸浸、浸出液中有价元素分离、新型加压连续浸出反应器研发、系统内物流循环与利用、浸出渣的综合利用、工艺放大等研究内容进行,通过相关研究取得以下成果:(1)研究并对比了无焙烧常压酸浸、无盐氧化焙烧常压酸浸、无焙烧氧压酸浸3种提钒过程的现象,结果表明:相比无焙烧常压酸浸、无盐氧化焙烧常压酸浸等2个工艺,明显地具有反应快速、高效的特点。(2)采用硫酸体系加压浸出四川攀枝花地区的转炉钒渣,矿物学表明,转炉钒渣中的主要物相为尖晶石相、钛铁矿相以及铁橄榄石。加压浸出过程中,铁橄榄石和尖晶石相逐渐分解,钒、铁被浸出进入浸出液,部分未反应的钛、硅相在浸出渣中富集。(3)对该技术核心加压酸浸过程进行了放大实验研究,对实验室研究结果进行了验证,放大实验研究结果表明:钒的浸出率随着初始酸度的增加而增加,随着液固比的增大而增大。在加压温度150℃,硫酸浓度300 g/L,搅拌转速300 rpm,浸出时间90 min,液固比8∶1的条件下,钒的浸出率可达到99.10%。(4)提钒酸浸液萃取最优工艺条件为:常温,还原剂用量20 g/L、浸出液p H=2.0、有机相组成为20%P2O4,5%TBP,75%磺化煤油、相比(O/A)=1∶1、震荡时间5 min,钒的一级萃取率达到74.49%,Fe的萃取率仅为1.92%。在最优条件下,进行4级错流萃取,钒的总萃取率可达97.89%。以硫酸为反萃液进行反萃,其最优工艺条件为:反萃时间t=4 min、反萃液浓度200 g/L、反萃相比(O/A)=1∶1时,钒的反萃率达到98%以上。     

硫酸渣脱硫制备高品质铁精矿研究进展

利用硫酸渣脱硫制备高品质铁精矿具有良好的的工业利用价值,不仅可以解决烧渣的综合利用问题,而且可以解决其对环境影响的问题.本文系统介绍了硫酸渣脱硫制备高品质铁精矿的脱硫技术方法、工艺流程及最新研究进展.硫酸渣脱硫方法主要有化学法、联合法和生物法.化学法主要包括酸浸、碱浸,联合法可分为碱浸-酸浸、浮选-磁选、重选-浮选、磁化焙烧-磁选等联合工艺方法.比较了这些方法的工艺路线及存在的优缺点,提出了生物法具有良好的工业应用前景,展望了该方法未来的研究方向为:高效脱硫菌种的选育,生物脱硫液的循环使用,硫酸渣生物脱硫协同回收有价金属,生物脱硫过程基础理论及工程化技术研究等.     

从高铅碲渣中浸出碲的热力学分析及实验

通过对Te（Ⅳ）-Pb（Ⅱ）-Sn（Ⅱ）-Cu（Ⅱ）-As（Ⅲ）-H2O系热力学分析和计算，得到溶液中Te（Ⅳ），Pb（Ⅱ），Sn（Ⅱ），Cu（Ⅱ）和As（Ⅲ）浓度与溶液pH值的关系。热力学分析结果表明：可以采用酸浸方法从高铅碲渣中提取碲。并通过硫酸浸出高铅碲渣中碲的条件实验验证了热力学分析的结果。采用硫酸浸取高铅碲渣可以获得铅含量低于0.06％的粗TeO2，硫酸浸含铅高的碲渣较氢氧化钠浸出具有明显的优势。实验所得较为适宜的硫酸浸出条件是：硫酸浓度为3mol／L，液固比为6：1，原料粒度为0.125～0.074mm，浸出时间为180min，酸浸温度为80℃，搅拌浆转速为300r／min，在此条件下碲的浸出率可达86％。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with