人胚神经干细胞的体外培养

目的　探讨人胚神经干细胞体外培养的条件和分化情况 ,以摸索出一种切实可行的能获得较纯且多潜能人胚神经干细胞的方法 .方法　采用取 3月龄人胎脑 ,用胰蛋白酶消化法分离单个细胞 ,部分冻存 ,另一部分进行细胞培养 ,加EGF ,bFGF刺激生长 ,有限稀释法获得单细胞克隆 ,血清诱导分化 ,并用免疫组化方法进行鉴定 .结果　EGF和bFGF同时存在于无血清培养基中 ,有大量神经干细胞团生成 ,含血清培养基则诱导神经干细胞分化成为神经元、星型胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞 .结论　神经干细胞的存活和分裂有赖于EGF和bFGF的共同作用 .经冻存后的胎脑细胞同样能分离培养出有活性的神经干细胞 .     

大鼠骨髓基质干细胞分离培养及向成骨、成脂诱导分化的研究

目的利用细胞原代及传代培养技术将大鼠骨髓基质干细胞诱导分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞,为其进一步应用奠定基础.方法全骨髓法分离大鼠骨髓基质干细胞,传代后分别在成骨、成脂诱导条件下继续培养,采用碱性磷酸酶染色、茜素红染色及油红"O"染色观察其成骨及成脂分化结果.结果第2代大鼠骨髓基质干细胞成骨诱导9 d后碱性磷酸酶染色呈阳性细胞,连续诱导14 d后可见矿化结节形成,成脂诱导14 d后可见脂肪细胞形成.结论随着诱导条件的不同,大鼠骨髓基质干细胞在体外可定向分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞体外扩增和向神经细胞定向诱导分化的研究

骨髓间充质干细胞(MSC)是一类存在于骨髓中的具有多向分化潜能的干细胞,在体外不仅可以分化为间充质类细胞,而且可以分化为非间充质类细胞.研究了人骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离、扩增和向神经细胞的定向诱导分化条件.从骨髓中分离MSC,用MesenCult培养基进行纯化和扩增培养.每扩增一代,细胞数量增加约2～3倍,在体外扩增12代后扩增约4.6×10 4 倍;诱导不同扩增代数的MSC向神经细胞分化,诱导后的细胞平均有80%以上呈现典型的神经元样表型.免疫组化法检测发现,神经元样细胞强表达神经丝蛋白和神经元特异性烯醇化酶,组织化学法检测观察到神经元特有结构尼氏体,表明MSC在体外具有向神经细胞分化的潜能.     

精原干细胞体外培养的方法改进

探讨精原干细胞体外培养优化方法,为进一步探讨其生物特征、生殖干细胞移植及生殖损伤及药物保护等研究提供实验基础.制备骨髓基质饲养层,将生后5 d~7 d雄性小鼠生精细胞接种在饲养层上,并于IMDM培养基及37 ℃下共培养,在倒置显微镜下观察细胞生长行为,并对培养后的细胞进行组织学、细胞化学、免疫组化、遗传学鉴定.精原干细胞能在以骨髓基质细胞饲养层上进行增殖和生长,且增殖后的表现出呈簇、团状生长,细胞间可表现出明显的胞质间桥,细胞核大,核/质比高,碱性磷酸酶及C-KIT受体阳性,染色体核型为20对(40条)等精原干细胞的生物学行为特征.原代培养的骨髓基质细胞作饲养层具有取材及制作简便等优点,且能在不添加外源性生长因子的前提下能通过自分泌足够的细胞生长因子,满足精原干细胞体外增殖和抑制分化的需要,是精原干细胞培养的一种良好的饲养层.IMDM培养基、血清及适宜的环境温度是精原干细胞体外培养的重要条件.     

体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞表达酪氨酸羟化酶

目的:探讨体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)表达酪氨酸羟化酶,为帕金森病细胞移植替代治疗提供特异性分化的细胞.方法:在无菌条件下从SD大鼠的股骨中分离骨髓间充质干细胞,体外培养传3代后,用表皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子和抗坏血酸诱导MSCs 表达酪氨酸羟化酶.在镜下,观察MSCs 在诱导前后的形态变化;用免疫荧光染色检测酪氨酸羟化酶的表达.结果:MSCs经诱导分化后,胞体逐渐变圆,并伸出神经轴突、树突样突起;免疫荧光化学表明细胞酪氨酸羟化酶染色呈强阳性反应.结论: SD大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞在体外能被定向诱导表达酪氨酸羟化酶,有可能为帕金森病治疗提供特异性分化的细胞.     

骨髓基质细胞的生物学特性及应用潜能

骨髓基质细胞(BMSCs)是骨髓中造血干细胞(HSC)以外的非造血干细胞.研究发现其具有贴壁生长的特性、自我更新的能力和多分化潜能.大量的实验研究表明,骨髓基质细胞在细胞治疗、基因治疗、组织工程等方面有广阔的应用前景.     

大鼠胚胎神经干细胞的培养和鉴定

目的　体外培养和鉴定神经干细胞 .方法　从胎鼠前脑取出脑组织 ,采用酶消化、机械吹打、对倍稀释成单个细胞 ,经无血清培养获得单细胞克隆 ,由免疫细胞化学方法鉴定分离的神经干细胞 .结果　从胎鼠脑中分离的细胞具有连续传代形成克隆的能力 ,表达神经干细胞蛋白 (nestin) ,并能诱导分化成神经元和神经胶质细胞 .结论　分离的细胞是神经干细胞 .     

利用成体干细胞体外小口径血管的构建

设计了一套血管生物反应器系统,采用有限元的方法对组织工程小血管托架材料进行了分析,从而开发完成了一套用于构建直径为2 mm的小血管托架;通过收集人的原代骨髓基质干细胞(hBMSCs)和脂肪基质干细胞(ADSCs)进行体外扩增和培养,并选用第3代细胞与聚羟基乙酸酯(PGA)复合后置于血管生物反应器中动态培养;在生物反应器中动态培养4周后,对材料复合物进行取材,分别进行大体观察、HE染色和扫描电镜等指标检测.结果表明:血管色泽明亮,有一定的弹性,细胞分泌的胶原基质排列较规则,免疫组化结果表明血管含有平滑肌弹性肌动蛋白的成分.说明改进的血管生物反应器能模拟血管的力学环境,并能利用人骨髓间充质干细胞扣脂肪基质干细胞成功构建组织工程小血管组织.     

人骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠神经干细胞增殖与分化培养的影响

通过在体外培养、鉴定人的骨髓间充质干细胞与小鼠神经干细胞,用骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基分别在增殖与分化条件下对神经干细胞进行培养.发现,间充质干细胞条件培养基在增殖条件下能加快神经球内神经干细胞的迁移,使神经球解聚,对神经干细胞增殖没有影响;而间充质干细胞条件培养基在分化条件下,能增加神经干细胞向少突胶质细胞分化的能力,降低向星型胶质细胞的分化能力,对向神经元分化能力没有影响,间充质干细胞可能是通过促进神经干细胞迁移、分化而加快神经损伤的修复的.     

兔骨髓基质细胞的分离培养研究

目的分离培养兔骨髓基质细胞,观察其体外生长特性.方法用密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法分离兔骨髓基质细胞,进行体外培养,传代扩增,测定其生长曲线,用相差显微镜、细胞化学染色观察细胞生物学性状及功能特点.结果密度梯度离心结合贴壁培养法可有效分离并且纯化兔的骨髓基质细胞.传代细胞均一性较好,呈纺锤形,细胞增殖快,加入地塞米松(Dxm 10-5 mmol/L),β-甘油磷酸钠(β-GP 2 mmol/L)、L-抗坏血酸(AA 50 mg/L)可诱导BMSCs分化为成骨细胞,von kossa法检测骨钙素阳性.结论体外培养的骨髓基质细胞生长稳定,增殖力强,可诱导分化.     

Role of Notch expression in premature senescence of murine bone marrow stromal cells

The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the Notch signaling pathway in premature senescence of murine bone marrow stromal cells in vitro. The intracellular domain of Notch 1 (ICN) was transfected into cultured murine bone marrow stromal cells by lipofectamine transfection. After three days, the proliferation of transfected cells was measured by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribution was analyzed by flow cytometry. Senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-beta-gal) was measured, and the percentage of positive cells was evaluated by assessing 1000 cells in random fields of view. The expressions of p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 were analyzed by both RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. The results showed that activation of Notch signaling inhibited proliferation of murine bone marrow stromal cells with induction of G1 arrest, increased the percentage of SA-beta-gal positive cells, and upregulated p53 and p21Cip1/Waf1 mRNA and protein expression levels. Thus, the activated Notch signaling could induce premature senescence of bone marrow stromal cells through the p53-p21Cip1/Waf1 pathway.     

成人骨髓基质细胞的体外培养

本研究从成人的髋骨抽取骨髓液，离心后将骨髓基质细胞悬液接种培养，待细胞贴壁融合后，进行传代扩增培养．并采用流式细胞术进行细胞周期分析，结果表明原代培养和传代培养的细胞均为贴壁、形态不一的骨髓基质细胞，且此体外培养的骨髓基质细胞具有很强的增殖能力．本研究成功地建立了一套完整、简单、可行的体外分离、长期培养扩增人骨髓基质细胞(Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells hBMSCs)的系统，证明成人骨髓基质细胞能够在体外长期增殖，为人的骨髓基盾细胞的理论研究和临床应用奠定了基础.     

Advances in tissue engineering

Tissue engineering is a newly developed specialty involved in the construction of tissues and organs either in vitro or in vivo. Tremendous progress has been achieved over the past decade in tisse construction as well as in other related areas, such as bone marrow stromal cells, embryonic stem cells and tissue progenitor cells. In our laboratory, tissues of full-thickness skin, bone, cartilage and tendon have been successfully engineered, and the engineered tissues have repaired full-thickness skin wound, cranial bone defects, articular cartilage defects and tendon defects in animals. In basic research areas, bone marrow stromal cells have been induced and transformed into osteoblasts and chondrocytes in vitro. Mouse embryo stem cell lines we established have differentiated into neuron precursor, cardiac muscle cells and epithelial cells. Genetic modifications of seed cells for promoting cell proliferation, delaying cell aging and inducing immune tolerance have also been investigated.     

Host origin of marrow stromal cells following allogeneic bone marrow transplantation

Although it is generally agreed that stromal cells are important in the regulation of haematopoietic cell development, the origin of these phenotypically diverse cells has been a subject for debate for more than 50 years. Data which support the concept of a separate origin for the haematopoietic stem cell and the marrow stroma are derived from cytogenetic or enzyme marker studies of explanted and expanded stromal cells grown under conditions that do not allow haematopoiesis in vitro. Recent evidence in man and in mouse suggesting that the stromal cells capable of transferring the haematopoietic microenvironment in vitro are transplantable seemingly questions this dichotomy, one interpretation being the existence of a common haematopoietic/stromal 'stem cell'. We used in situ hybridization to discriminate donor cells from host in blood and bone marrow samples obtained from patients with functioning sex-mismatched but HLA-identical allografts. Without exception, marrow-derived stromal cells that proliferate in long-term cultures were found to be of host genotype, whereas the macrophage component of the adherent layer in these cultures originated from the donor.     

人胚胎骨髓基质干细胞的长期培养及体外成骨特性

研究了人胚胎骨髓基质干细胞(hBMSCs)在体外长期培养时的基本特性和向成骨细胞的分化能力。结果表明：前三代hBMSCs多数呈长梭形,生长快速,增殖能力强;而后几代细胞变得比较扁平,生长缓慢,增殖能力下降;至第六代,细胞已失去增殖能力。每一代细胞生长均分为延滞期、对数生长期和稳定期,延滞期一般为6～7d,对数生长期为4～5d,最后是稳定期。前三代细胞对数生长期的群体倍增时间(PD71)基本相同,而第四代细胞的PDT略有上升,第五代细胞的PDT最大。在体外扩增能力方面,前三代细胞均可以扩增18倍左右,而第四、第五代细胞则下降至11倍、5倍。实验结果表明扩增后的细胞经过诱导可以形成钙化小结,与未诱导细胞相比碱性磷酸脂酶(ALP)活性显著提高。     

人基质细胞中新基因的获得及目的基因的克隆

取连续培养的骨髓基质细胞并提取其mRNA,合成cDNA后,收集＞400bp的片段,连接到真核表达载体pcDNA3.0上,构建人胎儿骨髓基质细胞真核cDNA质粒文库,并以PCR的方法从文库中扩增出编码人IL－6、SCF的基因序列,随机对文库克隆进行测序,得到了3个新基因EST,其中2个在GenBank的登录号分别为AF244998及AF244999。     

Compartmentalization of a haematopoietic growth factor (GM-CSF) by glycosaminoglycans in the bone marrow microenvironment

Haematopoietic progenitor cells proliferate and mature in semisolid media when stimulated by exogenous haematopoietic cell growth factors (HCGFs) such as granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). They also proliferate in association with marrow-derived stromal cells although biologically active amounts of HCGFs cannot be detected in stromal culture supernatants. It is possible that HCGFs are synthesized in small amounts by stromal cells but remain bound to the stromal cells and/or their extracellular matrix (ECM). This interpretation accords with haematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation in close association with stromal layers in long-term cultures. Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are found in the ECM produced by stromal cells. They are prime candidates for selectively retaining HCGFs in the stromal layer; they influence embryonic morphogenesis and cyto-differentiation and they may regulate haematopoiesis. We now report that granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating activity can be eluted from cultured stromal layers and that exogenous GM-CSF binds to GAGs from bone marrow stromal ECM. Selective compartmentalization of HCGFs in this manner may be an important function of the marrow microenvironment and may be involved in haematopoietic cell regulation.     

Establishment and characterization of murine bone marrow stromal macrophage line

The authors established a murine bone marrow stromal cell line QXMSC1 by discarding the suspensible hematopoietic cells and passaging the adherent stromal cells many times in long-term bone marrow culture. QXMSC1 cells have been passaged 65 times for 15 months and immortalized. The mean number of QXMSC1 chromosomes is 66 ± 4. The appearance of the cells is elliptical. There are many pseudopods and mononuclei under the optical microscope. Many lisosomes and phagosomes in cytoplasm exist under the transmission electron microscope. There are no desmosome junction between the cells, no lipid drops, no intermediate filament. Vimentin is positive and keratin is negative by stain of immunocytochemistry. Nonspecific lipase staining is positive. These results indicate that QXMSC1 cells are murine bone marrow macrophages.