二硅烯及其相关分子的量子化学计算研究

使用密度泛函法、MP2法和考虑组态相关作用的QCISD和CCD法，对重主族双键化合物二硅烯、二锗烯等进行了优化构型的量子化学计算．计算结果表明，H2X＝XH2(X＝Si，Ge，Sn，Pb)型分子均为非平面反式弯曲几何构型，亚甲基XH2的基态为单线态．利用计算的“单线态-三线态”能量差ΔEST和双键键能量Ea n分析并解释了非平面反式弯曲几何构型的形成条件和标题物中双键的相对强度．     

环三硅烯及其相关分子的量子化学计算研究

使用密度泛涵法（B3P86，B3LYP）和MP2法，在6-311 G（d,p）和6-311 G（3df,2p）基组下，对环三硅烯、环三锗烯和相关分子进行了优化几何构型的量子化学计算，计算结果表明，环三硅烯、二硅杂环三锗烯为平面分子，环三锗烯、二锗杂环三硅烯为反式弯曲几何构型，利用计算的分子总能量比较了二硅杂环三锗烯两种异构体和二锗杂环三硅烯两种异构体的相对稳定性。     

1,3-磷锗丙二烯及其相关分子的量子化学计算研究

用量子化学从头计算(HF)和密度泛函理论(DFT)对1,3-磷锗丙二烯及其相关分子进行了研究.在6-311 G(d,p)和6-311 G(3df,2p)基组水平优化上计算了各标题物的平衡几何构型.结果表明:1,3-磷锗丙二烯及1,2,3-磷硅锗丙二烯为弯曲几何构型,负离子也为弯曲几何构型.另外,在B3LYP/6-311 G(d,p)水平上计算了各标题物的旋转势垒,定性估算了各标题物分子中Ge=C、Ge=Si、C＝P、Si＝P和Ge=P等双键的相对强度.     

硅杂硫烯酮及其相关分子的量子化学计算研究

使用abinitio(HF)和密度泛函法(B3LYP,B3P86),在6-311 G(d,p)和6-311 G(3df,2p)基组水平下,对硅杂硫烯酮及其相关分子进行了优化构型的量子化学计算.计算结果表明,标题物Ⅰ和Ⅲ为反式弯曲几何构型,Ⅱ为弯曲几何构型,Ⅳ为线性平面分子.NBO分析表明,Ⅰ中Si原子上有孤对电子,Ⅱ和Ⅲ中有弯曲Si-Cπ键.     

重主族累积多烯分子中的非经典多重键

综述了重主族累积多烯化合物的最新研究进展和非经典多重键的理论研究方面的成果.使用abinitio和密度泛函法对磷杂硫烯酮、硅杂磷杂丙二烯及其相关分子进行了量子化学计算,计算结果表明,这些分子都具有弯曲几何构型.     

重主族累积多烯分子中的非经典多重键

综述了重主族累积多烯化合物的最新研究进展和非经典多重键的理论研究方面的成果．使用ab initio和密度泛函法对磷杂硫烯酮、硅杂磷杂丙二烯及其相关分子进行了量子化学计算，计算结果表明，这些分子都具有弯曲几何构型．     

二卤代双环[2.2.2]-辛三烯及其相关分子的量子化学计算研究

运用从头算方法 ,在RHF/6 -31G(d)水平下 ,全优化几何构型计算了二卤代 (卤原子为F ,Cl,Br)双环 [2 .2 .2 ]-辛三烯及其相应母体二烯的分子几何和电子结构 .结果表明 ,与相应的母体二烯相比 ,二卤代双环 [2 .2 .2 ]-辛三烯分子中存在着明显的桥双键跨越空间的相互作用和低能级δ骨架对高能级πMO的越键相互作用     

亚累积烯基卡宾的两个最低能态

本文用量子化学从头计算方法对一些不饱和卡宾进行了研究。采用STO—3G极小基组,对不饱和卡宾H_2C=C=C:,F_2C=C=C:,Li_2C=C=C:,和H_2C=C=C=C:的两个最低能态的几何构型进行了能量梯度法优化。选用3—21G价层分裂基对STC—3G优化几何构型下的分子进行了RHF计算,得到了两个最低能态的能隙。结果预言了不饱和卡宾类X_2C=C=C:和H_2C=C=C=C:的基态是单重态。X原子或基团的电负性影响分子的几何构型和基态的稳定性。亚累积烯基长度对分子构型及能隙的影响较X的电负性影响要小。     

丁硅烯双键转移异构化反应机理的研究

利用从头计算法(6-31G)对丁硅烯的双键转移异构化反应进行了研究,采用Berny能量梯度法优化出了产物、过渡态、中间体和反应物的几何构型,并对过渡态进行了振动分析确认.计算结果表明:丁硅烯的双键转移异构化反应的机理是:一个氢原子先从1号硅原子迁移至2号氢原子,然后再形成一个五元环,另一个氢原子从4号硅原子迁移至1号硅原子,这样,2,3双键转移为3,4双键.     

磷杂硅杂丙二烯及其相关分子稳定性的理论研究

简要综述了重主族多重键,尤其是重主族累积多烯化合物的合成及结构表征和理论研究方面的最新进展.使用Gaussian98量子化学计算程序包中的abinitio计算法(HF)、密度泛函数(B3LYP)和MP2法,在6 311G(d,p)和6 311+G(d,p)基组水平下,对磷杂硅杂丙二烯及其相关异构体进行了全优化几何构型的量子化学计算.计算结果表明:丙二烯型分子具有弯曲几何构型,在炔烃异构体中,含SiP和CC三键的异构体近乎为直线分子.含CSi三键的异构体是最不稳定的分子,且在硅原子上有强的棱锥化效应和明显的孤对电子特征.利用计算的分子总能量,原子净电荷分布和分子偶极矩对各标题的分子几何构型、物理和化学性质进行了分析和讨论,并由计算的相对稳定化能比较和确定了磷杂硅杂丙二烯及其相关异构体的相对稳定性,得到了含CP和SiP三键的异构体比相应的累积二烯异构体稳定的结论.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.