溶液加冷剂回热双吸收式热变换器循环性能分析

基于溶液回热双吸收式热变换器循环,提出了一种溶液加冷剂回热双吸收式热变换器循环方案,即在溶液回热双吸收式热变换器的吸收蒸发器稀溶液出口增加了一个溶液与冷剂间的热交换器.计算并比较了吸收蒸发器稀溶液出口溶液无回热、有溶液回热以及同时有溶液和冷剂回热3种双吸收式热变换器循环的性能系数和效率.结果表明,溶液加冷剂回热双吸收式热变换器循环不仅具有较宽的吸收蒸发温度变化范围,而且在整个吸收蒸发器操作范围内可使循环性能系数和效率进一步提升,当吸收温度、发生温度、冷凝温度和吸收蒸发温度分别为120~150,70,25和80~115℃时,性能系数和效率较有溶液回热双吸收式热变换器循环增加约2.5%~3.5%.同时分析了吸收温度、冷凝温度、发生温度和吸收蒸发温度变化时吸收蒸发器稀溶液出口无回热、有溶液回热以及同时有溶液和冷剂回热3种循环的性能系数和效率的变化趋势.     

高温LiBr双吸收式热变换器分析

基于热力学第一、第二定律建立了高温LiBr双吸收式热变换器热力学模型.模型考察了系统各操作温度、循环倍率(Rf)、溶液热交换器换热效率(Ef)和系统温升(Tgl)对系统性能(ECOP)、主要部件损失(Ed)和总损失(Et)的影响.结果表明,吸收器和再生器是整个系统损失最大的部件;ECOP随着再生温度、蒸发温度、吸收-蒸发温度和溶液热交换器换热效率增加而增加;随着吸收温度、冷凝温度、循环倍率和系统温升增加而减小.为了获得较好的系统性能,系统温升不应该超过72K.     

高温LiBr双吸收式热变换器 火用 分析

基于热力学第一、第二定律建立了高温LiBr双吸收式热变换器热力学模型。模型考察了系统各操作温度、循环倍率（Rf ）、溶液热交换器换热效率（Ef ）和系统温升（Tgl ）对系统火用性能（ECOP）、主要部件火用损失（Ed ）和总火用损失（Et ）的影响。结果表明,吸收器和再生器是整个系统火用损失最大的部件;ECOP随着再生温度、蒸发温度、吸收-蒸发温度和溶液热交换器换热效率增加而增加;随着吸收温度、冷凝温度、循环倍率和系统温升增加而减小。为了获得较好的系统性能,系统温升不应该超过72 K 。     

具有新的溶液循环双吸收式热变换器(火用)分析

依据溴化锂溶液的热力学性质和热力学第二定律,对具有一种新的溶液循环的双吸收式热变换器的热力过程进行了(火用)分析. 结果表明:与普通循环相比,新的溶液循环不仅具有更高的性能系数和(火用)效率,而且吸收蒸发器具有更宽的操作范围. 当热源温度、冷凝温度和吸收器的温度分别为70、25和150 ℃时, 普通循环的(火用)效率是56.2%, 而新循环的(火用)效率是65.7%. 当在吸收蒸发器和再生器之间增加第二溶液热交换器时,新循环的(火用)效率可以达到 69.6% ,而且吸收蒸发器的操作范围进一步增加. 同时也讨论了其他操作参数对系统(火用)效率的影响.     

具有新的溶液循环双吸收式热变换器灯用分析

依据溴化锂溶液的热力学性质和热力学第二定律，对具有一种新的溶液循环的双吸收式热变换器的热力过程进行了炯分析．结果表明：与普通循环相比，新的溶液循环不仅具有更高的性能系数和炯效率，而且吸收蒸发器具有更宽的操作范围．当热源温度、冷凝温度和吸收器的温度分别为70、25和150℃时，普通循环的炯效率是56．2％，而新循环的炯效率是65．7％．当在吸收蒸发器和再生器之问增加第二溶液热交换器时，新循环的炯效率可以达到69．6％，而且吸收蒸发器的操作范围进一步增加．同时也讨论了其他操作参数对系统炯效率的影响．     

以溴化锂溶液为工质的吸收式热转换器热力学分析

以溴化锂溶液为工质的吸收式热转换器为对象,对不同操作温度下的可逆性能系数、基于焓的性能系数、基于有效能的性能系数和循环比与操作温度之间的关系进行了计算和分析．另外,分析了溶液换热器的换热效率对吸收式热转换器系统性能系数的影响．所得结论对于吸收式热转换器的设计和实际操作具有指导意义．     

水-溴化锂-硝酸锂单效吸收式制冷循环研究

比较了水-溴化锂-硝酸锂三元工质与传统的水-溴化锂工质的单效吸收式制冷循环,分析了发生温度、冷凝温度和蒸发温度对系统性能的影响。结果表明:采用新工质后,系统的热力系数COP有了明显的提高,其它表征系统热力性能的经济指标也均有不同程度的改善。因此,该新工质与传统的水-溴化锂工质相比,具有较好的热力性能。     

氨-水和氨-水-溴化锂在吸收式制冷机中的对比实验研究

通过吸收式制冷实验,对比研究了溴化锂对于氨水吸收式系统性能的影响,包括浓溶液发生过程气-液相平衡特性和系统性能系数的变化.测定了氨-水-溴化锂三元吸收式系统发生过程中的温度-压力关系,计算了系统的性能系数.温度范围从15℃到80℃,压力达1.5 MPa.实验采用了3组溶液:A(X(NH3)=48%),B(X(NH3)=51.8%,X(LiBr)=42%),C(X(NH3)=58.7%,X(LiBr)=42%).对比发现,溶液B、C的发生压力分别比相同氨含量的二元溶液下降了约21%和30%,且发生温度越高,发生压力降幅就越大.采用溶液A时系统的性能系数为0.242,而采用溶液B、C时性能系数分别为0.293和0.334,分别提高了17.2%和33.6%.因此,在氨水吸收式制冷机中加入溴化锂可以明显提高机组的性能系数.     

蒸汽型双效吸收式冷水机组部分负荷性能

为了分析蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式冷水机组部分负荷工况性能,建立了机组非线性耦合数学模型．由于该模型变量多,溶液温度、浓度取值范围相互制约,采用子空间置信域法进行求解．通过机组部分负荷工况性能测试试验,验证了模型的正确性．最后模拟分析了4种运行模式下机组部分负荷工况的蒸汽耗量、机组性能系数（COP）和综合部分负荷性能系数（IPLV）．结果表明以冷水入口温度为控制信号,变溶液循环量的运行模式下机组性能最好,比定溶液循环量调节运行模式可节省约20％的能耗量．     

工业余热回收的耦合压缩-吸收式高温热泵循环

针对常规吸收式热泵和压缩式热泵无法兼顾温升与效率的问题,本文提出采用热耦合压缩-吸收式热泵来达到高效高温输出的目的,并根据不同场景需求构建大温升型循环和高温输出型循环.采用R245fa和溴化锂-水溶液作为工质,针对100℃以上输出温度,利用Aspen Plus软件建立数学模型并对循环性能进行计算.研究结果显示:在采用大温升型循环回收30～40℃余热时,循环最优能效比(COP)可以达到2.58以上;在采用高温输出型循环回收60～70℃余热时,循环最优COP可以达到2.83;两种新循环在温升、输出温度和效率上比R245fa压缩式循环均有明显提升.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that