光亮镀镍工艺走位性能的研究

本文就镀镍工艺的现状，结合生产实践，对如何改善防护－装饰性光亮镀镍工艺镀液的分散能力，进行了一些研究。     

长寿命全光亮镍化学镀液的研制

研制出可以镀出镜面光亮镀层的化学镍液。试验用均匀设计进行，用综合指标Z表示镀液性能和镀层质量，实验数据用计算机处理。在此基础上研究了诸因素对镀液寿命及镀速的影响，用正交循环试验确定了补加液的组成，乳酸和次磷酸钠的补加量对寿命的影响最大，当装载量为1．4dm^2／L时，施镀1h，每升镀液补加3mL乳酸，次磷酸钠与镍之摩尔比按3．7：1补加，可使使用周期大大提高。     

化学镀镍液的循环利用及废水处理研究（Ⅰ）：循环利用

研究了镀液组成、ＰＨ值、温度、时间、装载量对镀速及Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金中磷含量的影响。对化学镍镀液的循环利用作了系统的考察。结果表明：镀液再生后完全可以循环利用。     

焦磷酸盐仿金镀镀液性能的研究

对焦磷酸盐仿金镀镀液的性能进行了研究，讨论了温度、电流密度及添加剂对镀液性能的影响，找出了该镀液的最佳工艺条件。     

锌酸盐镀锌镍合金添加剂研制及其镀液性能研究

以碱性锌酸盐为基液,加入适量的镍盐、络合剂和自制的添加剂,即得碱性锌酸盐镀Zn-Ni合金的电镀液.通过霍尔槽实验优选出最佳的镀液配方和工艺条件,并对镀液的分散能力、阴极电流效率、沉积速度、稳定性和镀层的耐腐蚀性等进行了测试.结果表明:该镀液成分简单、操作方便,分散能力为77.16%,平均阴极电流效率为75%,平均沉积速率为34.88μm/h,所得Zn-Ni合金镀层结晶均匀细致、光亮平整,耐腐蚀性能好.     

化学镀Ni—P合金镀液稳定剂的研究

研究了化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金镀液中不同稳定剂在对镀液稳定性和镀层性能的影响。结果表明复合稳定剂ＷＨ５是一种性能极值的镀液稳定剂。     

柠檬酸体系光亮镀铅锡合金

提出了柠檬酸电镀体系,通过添加新型光亮剂MHA和MTA,可获得均匀光亮,可焊性好的镀层,镀层颗粒明显变细,光亮范围大大加宽,镀液分散能力和深镀能力得到明显改善,电流效率显著提高.     

Ni-P-B4C复合电刷镀工艺研究

在Ni-P-B4C合金电刷镀技术的基础上,研究了在镀液中加入B4C微粒,通过改变镀液浓度、电压、pH值以及镀速等条件,达到改变镀层的厚度、硬度以及耐蚀性等。经过多次实验比较,得到了Ni-P-B4C合金复合电刷镀镀液较佳的浓度配制。并对电刷镀镀液各成分在刷镀中的作用以及它们对镀速和镀层成分的影响等方面作了较详细的分析。进而对复合电刷镀中微粒的共沉积机理作了初步的探讨。从而提出了一套较完整的Ni-P-B4C复合电刷镀工艺方案。     

化学镀Ni—P—B4C合金的研究

研究了化学复合镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ－Ｂ４Ｃ合金镀液的组成、工艺和镀层性能，研究的结果表明，镀液中的Ｂ４Ｃ微粒含量在１０－１５ｇ．ｌ＾－１时，能获得性能较好的镀层，且具有特别高的硬度。     

钢材热浸镀铝质量影响因素探讨

热浸镀铝是一种经济有效的表面处理方法,热浸镀铝件质量的好坏主要受镀前对钢基体进行处理的各工序的优劣及浸镀时几个工艺参数的影响,本文主要从助镀剂、浸镀液成分、浸镀温度和浸镀时间等几方面分析了这些因素对浸镀件镀层的影响,阐述了热浸镀铝技术当前存在的问题及前景展望。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the