面向对象技术中的对象映射

应用面向对象技术,用一个实例叙述了这种对象映射的过程.实践证明,该方法可行有效,并且为其它类似的软件开发提供了可行的建设方案.     

Intrinsic differences in the growth rate of early nerve fibres related to target distance

Target field innervation in the developing vertebrate nervous system coincides with the onset of important trophic interactions. Two factors that determine the timing of this event are the distance axons have to grow to reach their targets, which are known to vary, and the rate at which they grow. There have been few studies of axonal growth rate at this stage of development and no comparative study of the relationship between growth rate and target distance. Embryonic chick cranial sensory neurons are located in discrete ganglia and the distance axons have to grow to reach their targets is different for each ganglion, ranging from several hundred to several thousand microns. Here, I show that these neurons differ in their in vivo growth rates; neurons with more distant targets growing faster. In vitro, single isolated neurons from each of these populations grow at a similar rate to that observed in vivo, indicating that growth rate is an intrinsically determined property of neurons before they reach their targets.     

Block of Na current and intramembrane charge movment in myelinated nerve fibres poisoned with a vegetable toxin

In nerve membrane, the non-linear capacity current (displacement current) is assumed to reflect the movement of intrinsic membrane charges which control the opening of specific pathways for sodium ions (Na channels). However, various discrepancies have been reported between the effects of pharmacological agents on sodium and displacment currents (for a review see ref. 1). It is generally supposed that the opening and closing of Na channels constitutes one step of multi-step system in which each configuration change may or not give rise to a measurable charge movement. New drugs affecting either sodium or displacement currents may elucidate the relationship between charge movement and the control of sodium conductance. We therefore now report a comparison of the effects of a vegetable toxin (oenanthotoxin or OETX) on both sodium current (INa) and intra-membrane charge movement (Q) in Ranvier nodes. We show that OETX reversibly blocks both sodium and displacement current. Studies of INa and Q during partial supression by the toxin reveal differences in the effects of OETX on the remaining INa and Q. The findings are discussed in relation to recent models for the Na-channel gating process and for Na-channel block by local anaesthetics.     

论新时期民居建设的技术更新

文章以党的新农村建设为契机,首先阐述了历史上民居自身的发展规律,针对当前民居混乱的建设状况,指出新时期民居更新的原则与方法.接着从技术和经济两个方面来探讨当下民居更新的可能性,并着重从建造材料和施工工艺两个角度进行分析.最后指出新农村建设的艰巨性与复杂性.     

高强度聚焦超声在治疗癌症中的应用

综述了高强度聚焦超声（HIFU）治疗肿瘤技术的研究进展，并分析了该技术近年来在临床上的应用。资料表明，高强度聚焦超声治疗肿瘤在临床上是可行的，因而是一项有应用前景的肿瘤治疗新技术。     

平面上一阶椭圆型方程组的广义Riemann-Hilbert问题

讨论一阶椭圆型方程组的广义Riemann-Hilbert问题,利用广义解析函数和奇异积分理论以及不动点原理,证明在适当的假设下,此边值问题可解.     

Microstructure of a spatial map in the entorhinal cortex

The ability to find one's way depends on neural algorithms that integrate information about place, distance and direction, but the implementation of these operations in cortical microcircuits is poorly understood. Here we show that the dorsocaudal medial entorhinal cortex (dMEC) contains a directionally oriented, topographically organized neural map of the spatial environment. Its key unit is the 'grid cell', which is activated whenever the animal's position coincides with any vertex of a regular grid of equilateral triangles spanning the surface of the environment. Grids of neighbouring cells share a common orientation and spacing, but their vertex locations (their phases) differ. The spacing and size of individual fields increase from dorsal to ventral dMEC. The map is anchored to external landmarks, but persists in their absence, suggesting that grid cells may be part of a generalized, path-integration-based map of the spatial environment.     

稠油油井出砂实时监测关键技术研究

在油井出砂监测系统中,出砂信号检测传感器为其关键技术之一.提出采用PVDF压电薄膜为敏感材料,设计了缠绕型的出砂信号检测传感器.给出了传感器的结构、工作原理和信号处理原理.传感器应用在稠油油井出砂模拟系统中,识别出了砂粒对管壁碰撞后产生的声波信号,从而验证了该新型传感器工作的有效性,且其具有易于安装、灵敏度高的特点.试验结果表明,由该传感器检测流体中的含砂量具有较高的精度.     

A relative signalling model for the formation of a topographic neural map

The highly ordered wiring of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) neurons in the eye to their synaptic targets in the superior colliculus of the midbrain has long served as the dominant experimental system for the analysis of topographic neural maps. Here we describe a quantitative model for the development of one arm of this map--the wiring of the nasal-temporal axis of the retina to the caudal-rostral axis of the superior colliculus. The model is based on RGC-RGC competition that is governed by comparisons of EphA receptor signalling intensity, which are made using ratios of, rather than absolute differences in, EphA signalling between RGCs. Molecular genetic experiments, exploiting a combinatorial series of EphA receptor knock-in and knockout mice, confirm the salient predictions of the model, and show that it both describes and predicts topographic mapping.     

Angular-based spatially resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy: a new technique for the effective enhancement of signals without an external time delay system

In this study, we developed a novel angularbased spatially resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy(ABSR-LIBS) technique. This new method allows the spatially resolved spectroscopic properties of laserinduced plasma to be investigated using different angles and polar distances with a spatially adjustable fiber optics probe. The experimental evaluations suggested that the intensity of the Al signal distributions in the ‘‘side-view'depended greatly on the angle of the collection probe. The location of a collection probe at 50° would facilitate efficient spectral collection and minimize the disturbance of the plasma plume. The spectral signals in the plasma emissions had different distribution at various polar distances using the same collection angle, and the highest signal intensity was observed between 15 and 35 mm polar distances. This ABSR-LIBS technique improved both the LIBS signal and the maximum emission intensity of Al atoms by several times at the best spatial position in our experimental conditions. Furthermore, we successfully obtained well-resolved line emission spectroscopy signals without any external time delay using a nongated spectrometer based on the ABSR-LIBS system. We consider that the ABSR-LIBS technique has great potential for obtaining new insights with laser-induced plasma instruments and it could facilitate the development of a low-cost instrument.