TDEA、TDEB 提高丝绸湿弹性机理的研究

采用自制的整理剂 TDEA 和 TDEB 对丝绸进行整理。通过耐洗率度,DSC、红外光谱和氨基酸分析测试证明 TDEA、TDEB 与丝素发生了化学反应;并通过丝素的溶胀试验、溶解度试验进一步证明TDEA、TDEB 与丝素发生了共价交联反应,从而可以认为 TDEA、TDEB 与丝素间发生共价交联作用是使丝绸湿弹性获得显著提高的主要原因。     

The Effect of TDEA on Dyeability of Both Cotton and Silk

Effects of the non - alcohol finishing agent TDEA on dye-ing properties of cotton and silk fabrics were examined. TDEA improving substantivity and having a fixation ac-tion on cotton fabrics dyeing with reactive dyes and sharp increasing dry and wet crease recovery angles of cotton have been demonstrated. The slightly lower color yields and duller in shade on the TDEA finished silk fabrics dyeing with some acid dyes have been indicated.     

A New Catalyst in the Crease Recovery Finishing of Silk Fabrics with Epoxide

IntroductionSilk, among natural and synthetic fibers, is one of themost favored textile materials because of its excellent wearcomfort and elegant appearance. Because of theseproperties, it is regarded as a luxury material. Silk has acombination of many desirable properties. Unfortunately,its major weakness, a very low wet resiliency, causesconsiderable inconvenience in the use of silk textiles. Sincethe beginning of 1970 s, much research has been carriedout, ma…     

PRIMARY APPLICATION OF THE WATER SOLUBLE POLYURETHANE (WPU) TO PROTEIN FABRICS

The primary application of the water soluble polyurethane (WPU) in protein fabrics was investigated. Both WCRA (wet crease recovery angle ) and DCRA ( dry crease recovery angle ) of silk fabrics finished with WPU were increased, and the other properties were only slightly influenced. As a formaldehyde - free silk finishing agent, WPU was proved to have a great future. The felting shrinkage ratio of wool fabrics treated by only WPU was reduced to 12.5% from 36.7%. On the basis of Oxidation/ Resin process, the felting shrinkage ratio of treated wool was 8.7%, and almost reached "Machine washable" level.     

Preparation and Characterization of Silk Fibroin Aerogel

Silk protein fibroin,as a biomedical material,has good biocompatibility,biodegradability,regulation and excellent physical and chemical properties. In this work,a low density porous silk fibroin material is prepared from fibroin solution by high-speed shearing with impeller. By adjusting shear rate of the stirrer,silk fibroin aerogel with different sizes of the aperture is prepared. In general, this aerogel has small porosity, uniform pores, good mechanical properties and slow rate of degradation. It is observed that increasing the shear rate results in higher porosity of aerogel,while the diameter of the aerogel becomes smaller. This silk aerogel may offer a new option as biomaterial for the tissue engineering application based on the information on the structural behaviors.     

家蚕丝素溶液的粘弹性研究

采用Coucttc流变仪对家蚕丝素溶液的粘弹性进行研究。对于生丝丝素溶液,当丝素浓度较稀时(如4w/v％),溶液表现出牛顿流动行为;当丝素浓度较高时(如25W/V％),溶液表现出复杂的非牛顿流动行为。成烈的家蚕丝腺中的丝素,在剪切速率大于0.25s~1时,能引起纤维化。     

Fine Structure of Regenerated Silk Fibroin Solids

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丝素在NMMO·H2O中的溶解及溶液流变性能的研究

探讨了丝素在N-甲基吗啉-N-氧化物一水合物(NMMO.H2O)中的溶解行为,结果发现:天然蚕丝纤维脱胶后得到的丝纤维可以直接溶解在NMMO.H2O中,但是很难得到高于10%浓度的溶液,因而无法用于纺丝.而由再生丝素水溶液制得的再生丝素膜则易于溶解在NMMO.H2O中,并可以得到浓度高达25%的再生丝素/NMMO.H2O溶液,在上述研究的基础上,本文还对再生丝素/NMMO.H2O的流变行为进行了初步研究.     

Nanoscale control of silks for regular hydroxyapatite formation

The control of nanoparticle shape is still a challenge for different hydroxyapatite (HA) preparation ways.In the present study,silk fibroin with regular nanostructures was firstly prepared and then emp...     

丝素在生物医学领域中的应用

讨论了丝素（silk fibroin,SF)与生物医学领域应用相关的基本性质，以及在生物分析及药物缓释载体，人工器官及组织工程支撑体材料中的应用现状，结论认为：丝素具有固化结晶方式的多样化。易于保持高度生物亲和性以及形成特殊的多孔性网状结构。丝素还具有优良的成膜特性，并且通过与其它一些天然高分子材料的复合与化学改性，可以进一步改善其物理性能，从而适宜于构建新型药物载体与人工器官，同时，针对丝素蛋白在体的生物相容性，在体降解特性方面存在的问题，认为其在体变化机制不仅取决于与之接触体液的化学构成，也与温度，力学环境等生物物理因素有关，因此其在体变化机制是生物力学与生物流变学的因素与生物化学因素协同控制的。     

Examination of Subunit Composition of Bombyx Mori Silk Fibroin

Main subunits of the silk fibroin were separated by GFC(gel filtration chromatography)technigue.The nativesilk fibroin and α,c subunits were measured by gel elec-trophoresis.The aminoacid compositions of the nativesilk fibroin and α,c subunits were analyzed by means ofaminoacid measurement.Some properties of silk was inter-preted in view of subunit composition of silk fibroin.     

多孔柞蚕丝素支架的制备及其在药物缓释中的应用

采用冷冻干燥法制备了多孔柞蚕丝素支架,分析了丝素溶液浓度与支架孔径、孔隙率之间的关系,并研究了多孔柞蚕丝素支架负载5-氟尿嘧啶的缓释性能.研究表明,当丝素浓度较低时,支架中的孔洞分布较为均匀,孔径和孔隙率也较大,而随着丝素溶液浓度增大,支架的孔径和孔隙率逐渐减小;支架的药物释放过程可分为快速释放和缓慢释放两个阶段.     

人工气候条件下的人体着装试验的研究

本文通过物理试验方法对棉、毛、丝、棉麻及毛涤五种面料进行性能测试,得出其风格数值、透湿阻抗.为了反映面料对人的生理、心理的影响,有必要在人工气候条件下进行人体模拟着装试验,得出面料的人体舒适感觉值。借助多元线性回归方法,通过物理测试与人体试验的对照分析,发现它们之间具有良好的一致性。     

蒸呢定型对精纺毛织物尺寸稳定性的影响

精纺毛织物的尺寸稳定性不仅影响到服装加工,而且关系到成衣形状的稳定性。作者就普通蒸呢和罐蒸与尺寸稳定性(松弛收缩、吸湿膨胀)和织物风格的关系进行研究,对织物的吸湿膨胀机理作了探讨。实验结果表明:蒸前织物的剩余应力愈大,蒸后松弛收缩率愈大,KES测试中的EMT指标愈小;经普蒸织物的吸湿膨胀率明显小于罐蒸织物的吸湿膨胀率,而纤维的吸湿膨胀率却相反,经普蒸后织物单元截面内纱线充满度亦较小;吸湿膨胀率与织物内摩擦损耗成线性关系等。可以认为,毛织物整理以小张力上机加工为宜,高档毛织物采用普蒸定型为佳;织物组织结构是影响织物吸湿膨胀的主要因素。     

天然丝素制备三维多孔支架

研究盐沥滤法制备三维多孔丝素支架,在丝素多孔支架上培养人成骨肉瘤细胞、成纤维细胞及肝细胞.研究材料的细胞相容性,发现多种动物细胞在盐沥滤法所制备的丝素多孔支架材料上能够很好地黏附和增殖.通过调整丝素水溶液的浓度、溶解丝素溶剂体系、NaCl添加量和NaCl粒径,制备出结构和性质可以调控的三维支架.该结果为丝素多孔支架材料的制备提供了新的研究思路和方法.     

明胶/丝素共混多孔膜的制备

采用冷冻干燥法制备明胶与家蚕丝素的共混多孔蛋白膜，探讨了交联剂用量，共混比例及冷冻温度对膜结构和性能的影响，指出戊二醛对共混多膜具有明显的交联作用，膜内丝素与明胶的相容性较好，蛋白质的结构以无定形为主，通过与明胶共混，能够改善多孔丝素膜的拉伸性能。     

砂洗对丝织物结构的影响初探

本文从织物切片结构着手分析砂洗工艺对丝织物结构的影响,对织物经、纬向的屈曲波高及纱线的大小直径作了观察和测试,并采用 u 检验法进行了统计检验;同时通过电镜实验观察到砂洗后织物表面的微纤化结构。     

切变速度和Ca~(2+)对再生丝素蛋白溶液构象转变的影响

采用偏光显微镜和拉曼光谱研究了切变速度和Ca2+对再生丝素蛋白水溶液构象转变的影响.结果表明:切变速度和Ca2+是影响再生丝素蛋白溶液性质的两个主要因素,对于同一再生溶液,切变速度增大,溶液中丝素蛋白分子沿切变方向的有序排列也随之增加,丝素溶液更容易从无规线团或α-螺旋向β-折叠转变,并且转变的程度随着剪切速度的增加而加强;透析溶液中Ca2+含量增加,则样品出现偏光现象的临界切变速度有所降低.拉曼光谱显示丝素蛋白分子构象由SilkⅠ向SilkⅡ转变.     

近代中国人造丝及其制品的进出口贸易

本文首先简述了人造丝进口贸易情况,分析了人造丝的进口国别和到达港口的变化。然后分别论述了人造丝织品和人造丝交织品的进、出口贸易的发展,分析了进出口额变化的原因。文中给出了人造丝及其制品进出口的一些资料。     

稀土固着丝胶增重真丝纤维的结构变化

用稀土金属离子通过形成配位结合来固着丝胶，制备了不同增重率的丝纤维，研究了增重丝纤维结构变化。与未增重丝纤维相比，增重丝纤维的纵向形态和截面形态发生了变化，增重丝纤维中氮元素和碳元素的含量呈下降趋势，增重丝纤维中极性氨基酸含量增加，增重丝纤维的结晶度随着增重率的增加而下降，增重丝纤维热分解峰顶温度变化不明显。