Spectral absorption coefficient of phytoplankton and its relation to chlorophyll a and remote sensing reflectance in coastal waters of southern China

The spectral absorption coefficient of phytoplankton in coastal waters of southern China is investigated. Large variations in the absorption coefficient of phytoplankton are found. The absorption coefficient of phytoplankton at 443 nm ranged from 0. 006 m- 1 to 0. 484 m - 1, with an average value of 0. 067 m - 1. The chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton is also a bio-optical varito pigment composition of phytoplankton and package effect. The chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient of phytoplankton decreases with the increasing of chlorophyll a concentration. This relationship can be described by a power law function, with the parameters and the coefficient of determination r2 as functions of wavelength, but the parameters describing the relationships in present study differed from that in Case 1 waters, thus the regional adjustment of model parameters was of particular significance for improving the accuracy of bio-optical algorithms for estimation of Chl-a concentration and primary production from remotely sensed data. Regression analysis of reflectance (R rs) ratio and absorption coefficient of phytoplankton (a ph) indicates a close correlation between them, which means that it is possible to retrieve absorption coefficient of phytoplankton using ocean color remote sensing data in optically complex coastal waters.     

On the Pólya conjecture and the weak Weyl-Berry conjecture

The Pólya conjecture and its connection with the weak Weyl-Berry conjecture are studied Specifically let Ω⊆R ⁿ (n≥1) be a non-empty bounded open set with boundary ∂Ω. LetN ₀(λ, −Δ,Ω) be the Dirichlet counting function and φ(λ) the associated Weyl term. If the interior Minkowski dimension of ∂Ω is δ∈[n−1,n], then under certain realisable conditions we prove that for λ sufficiently large the Pólya conjecture φ(λ) −N ₀(λ,−Δ,Ω)≥0 is true. Under related conditions we also prove thatϕ(λ)−N ₀(λ,−Δ, Ω)≈λ^5/2, as λ→+∞. That is, the Weak Weyl-Berry conjecture is true. Similar results are obtained for the Neumann counting function. Partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Royal Society of London Chen Hua: born in March 8, 1956, Professor     

Remote sensing of algal blooms using a turbidity-free function for near-infrared and red signals

HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOM ACTS UPON IMPORTANT ENVIRON-MENTAL PROBLEMS IN COASTAL WATERS.A UNIFIED AND IM-PLEMENTING METHOD FOR SURVEY AND MONITORING ALGALBLOOMS HAS BEEN DEVELOPED SINCE LAST DECADE.HOWEVER THERE IS A DATA GAP OF ABOUT TENS YEARS IN THE PERIOD W…     

An exact expression for fractional absorption in Mossbauer spectroscopy

The fractional resonance absorption ε(0) in transmission Mossbauer spectroscopy is defined as a relative number of the absorbed γ-ray, and regarded as a measure of Mossbauer effect. The absorption linewidth Λ _a , as it is usually suggested, is nearly equal to the emission linewidth, Λ _s , and such an approximation leads to a extremely simplified expression ε(0), depending on neither Λ _s nor Λ _a . We consider the general case Λ _s ≠Λ _a , and obtain an exact expression for ε(0) which is given in the present paper. This expression ε(0), as a function oft _a, Λ _s , Λ _a , is figured and discussed. Biography: Chen Yi-long (1934-), male, Professor, research interest: Mossbauer effect and its applications.     

A Bayesian based quasi-analytical algorithm for retrieval of inherent optical properties from ocean color

The recently developed quasi-analytical algorithm （QAA） is a promising algorithm for deriving inherent optical properties from ocean color. Unlike the conventional semi-analytical algorithm, QAA does not need a priori knowledge of the spectral shape of chlorophyll absorption. However, several empirical relations, which may not be universally applicable and can result in low noise tolerance, are involved in QAA. In this study, the Bayesian inversion theory is introduced to improve the performance of QAA. In the estimation of total absorption coefficient at the reference wavelength, instead of empirical algorithms used in the QAA, the Bayesian approach is employed in combination with an optical model that uses separate parameters to account explicitly for the contribution of molecular and particle scatterings to remote sensing reflectance, a priori knowledge produced by the QAA, the Akaike＇s Bayesian information criterion （ABIC） for choosing the optimal regularization parameter, and genetic algorithms for global optimization. Coefficients at other wavelengths are then derived using an empirical estimate of particle backscattering spectral shape. When applied to a simulated dataset synthesized by IOCCG, the Bayesian algorithm outperforms QAA algorithm, especially in higher chlorophyll concentration waters. The root mean square errors （RMSEs） between the true and the derived α（440） and bb（440） are reduced from 0.918 and 0.039 m^-1 for QAA-555 to 0.367 and 0.023 m^-1 for Bayes-555, 0.205 and 0.007 m^-1 for QAA-640 to 0.092 and 0.005 m^-1 for Bayes-640, and 0.207 and 0.007 m^-1 for QAA-blending to 0.096 and 0.005 m^-1 for Bayes-blending. Results of noise sensitivity analysis show that the Bayesian algorithm is more robust than QAA.     

Julia sets of the random iteration systems and its subsystems

Suppose that P=(p\-1, p\-2, ..., p\-M)\% is a probability vector with p\-i>0 and Y={1, 2, ..., M}. Let (Y, 2\+Y, μ) be a probability space with μ(i)=p\-i, i=1, 2, ..., M, and (∑\-M, B, m)= Π \+∞\-0(Y, 2\+U, μ). It is shown that for any a \%(0≤a ≤1) \%, there exists a set U∈B such that m(U)=a and the Julia set associated with U is equal to the Julia set associated with ∑\-M\%. Moreover repelling fixed points with respect to U are dense in the Julia set associated with U.     

Application of Constructed Wetlands on Wastewater Treatment for Aquaculture Ponds

A group of constructed wetlands （CWs） were applied to the recirculating aquaculture system. This study assessed the performance of CWs in treating the aquaculture wastewater, examined the water quality condition of aquaculture ponds and the growth and the survival rate of ＂target＂ species （Ictalurus punctatus and Megalobrama amblycephala）. The results showed that CWs were effective on reducing the concentrations of 5-day biochemical oxygen demand （BOD5, at 70.5%）, total suspended solids （TSS, at 81.9%）, chlorophyll a （Chl-a, at 91.9%）, ammonium （NH4^＋, at 61.5%） and nitrate nitrogen （NOa-N, at 68.0%）. Effect of CWs on phosphate （PO43 -P） removal was relatively lower （at 20.0%）. The concentrations of BODs, TSS, Chl-a, NH4^＋ and TN, TP in the recirculating culture pond were significantly lower than that in the control pond（ p〈0.05 ）. CWs could help to increase total yield, survival rate of the ＂target＂ species and significantly decrease feed conversion ratio （ p〈0.05 ）.     

An extrapolation theorem on martingale spaces with Ap weights

In this paper, we prove an extrapolation theorem of operators in martingale spaces with A _p weights, which shows that for operators T defined on martingale space L _u ¹ , if T is bounded on martingale space L ^p0(w) for some 1 < p ₀ < ∞ and every, w∈ A _∞, so it is on L ^p,s (w) for every 1 < p, s < ∞, and w ∈ A _∞. We also get some properties of A _p weights and prove that if w ∈ A ₁, then the maximal operator M is bounded on L ^p,q (w) with 1 < p < ∞, 1 < q ≤ ∞.     

Banach space valued martingales with respect to complex measure and their inequalities

Let dμ=ϕdν be a complex valued measure where ν is a non-negative measure and ϕ is a complex valued function which satisfiesb _p ⁺ orb _∞ ⁺ ⊂a ₁ condition. We prove some basic martingale inequalities such as B-G inequalities, weak (p, p) and strong (p, p) type inequalities for Banach space valued martingale with respect to complex measure μ. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Hou Youliang: born in 1956, Ph. D     

Concentrations, profiles and gas-particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs in the ambient air of an E-waste dismantling area, southeast China

Polychlorinated diebenzo-p-dioxins （PCDDs）, polychlorinated diebenzofurans （PCDFs）, polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） and polybrominated diphenyl ethers （PBDEs） were monitored in the ambient air of Taizhou, an E-waste dismantling area of southeast China to evaluate their concentrations, profiles and gas-particle partitioning. The ∑PCDD/Fs concentrations ranged from 2.91 to 50.6 pg/ma, with an average of 14.3 pg/ma. The I-TEQs for PCDD/Fs were in the range of 0.20-3.45 pg/ma, with an average of 1.10 pg/ma, The ∑PCBs concentrations and TEQs ranged from 4.23 to 11.35 ng/ma, 0.050 to 0.859 pg（TEQ）/ma, respectively. The concentrations of ∑PBDEs ranged from 92 to 3086 pg/ma, with an average of 894 pg/ma, The pollution levels of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs were higher than other urban sites, which may be associated with the E-waste dismantling activities. The PCDD/Fs were found exclusively in the particle phase whereas PCBs distributed dominantly in the gas phase. The gas-partilce partitioning was also assessed by correlating the gas-particle partition coefficient （Kp） with the subcooled liquid vapor pressure （pL^0）. The measured particulate sorptions of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and PBDEs were compared with the predictions from Junge-Pankow model and Koa absorption model. The Junge-Pankow model well estimated the particulate fractions of PCBs. However, it underestimated the sorptions of PCDD/Fs and overestimated the fractions of PBDEs. The predicted particulate fractions of PCDD/Fs and PCBs from Koa model fitted well with the measured data.     

THz spectra of five borates crystals

Terahertz spectral responses have been studied for five borate crystals Nas[B2P3O13] （NBP）, Zn3BPO （ZBP）, SrB407 （SBO）, Na3LagO3（BO 3）8 （NLBO） and PbB407 （PBO）. It is found that the samples had good transmission in 0.25--1.5 THz region. Both SBO and NLBO have an absorption coefficient less than 10 cm^-1. Among them, SBO has not only the smallest absorption coefficient but also a very flat dispersion in the frequency region under investigation. Distinct resonance absorption peaks are observed for ZBP at v1 = 1.4 THz, v2 = 2.0 THz and SBO at v = 2.4 THz. In the spectrum of PBO, two abnormal dispersions appear in the frequency regions 1.44--1.74 and 2.2--2.5 THz. The absorption coefficients and refraction indices of the five crystals are extracted from the THz time-domain （THz-TDS） spectra in 0.25--2.5 THz region. The properties and origins of the spectral responses are addressed.     

Seasonal variations in the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of suspended particulate matter in the lower Changjiang River: Provenance and erosion constraints

Suspended particulate matter samples were collected monthly for more than 2 years in Nanjing,China to examine seasonal changes in the Sr-Nd isotopic compositions of the lower Changjiang River(CR).The results indicate that the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of the samples ranges from 0.725352 to 0.738128,and the values ofεNd(0)ranges from-10.55 to-12.29.The Sr-Nd isotopic compositions show distinct seasonal variations.The samples had lower 87Sr/86Sr ratios and higherε Nd(0)values during the flood season than the dry seasons.The seasonal variations primarily reflect the controls of provenance rocks and erosion in different sub-catchments.The relative decrease in 87Sr/86Sr ratios and the increase inε Nd(0)values during the flood season may reflect an increasing in the mechanical erosion rate in the upper basin and the contribution of more sediment from the upper reaches.The end member values of 87Sr/86Sr andε Nd(0)of the samples were 0.728254 and?11.26,respectively.     

Y_CΩ_(2n)are easy terms

For any natural number n≥1, Y CΩ 2n is an easy term; that is, for any λ term M, λβ+Y\-CΩ 2n =M is consistent, where Y C is Curry fixed point combinator, Ω 2n ≡ω 2n ω 2n and ω 2n ≡λx.xx...x (there are 2n occurrences of x after λx ). This result is a partial solution to Jacopini's conjecture: Y CΩ n is an easy term for any natural number n≥2.     

三聚磷酸二氢铝二水物的合成和表征

用磷酸和氢氧化铝为原料制备三聚磷酸二氢铝二水物。用X-衍射、红外光谱、化学分析、DTA-TG结合X-ray分析,证明产品的化学结构式为AlH2P3O10*2H2O。其晶体结构属正交晶系,空间群为PZ1/bZ1/aZ/m,D92h,晶胞参数a=15.919×10-8 cm,b=8.884×10-8cm,c=9.936×10-8 cm,单位晶胞体积V=1 405×10-8 cm3,Z=6。防绣性能测试表明其防锈能力与红丹颜料相当。毒理学试验表明该颜料半致死量LD50=18.0 g/kg(小白鼠),属实际无毒级,符合食品容器及儿童玩具涂装的要求。     

A Note on the Prime Spectrums of Character Rings of Finite Groups

0Introduction LetGbeafinitegroupoforder|G|=g,andletR(G)denotethecharacterringofG,whichisgeneratedbyalltheirreduciblecomplexcharactersofG.LetZbetherationalintegerringandNthesetofnatural numbers,andletZ[ω]betheintegralextensiongeneratedbyaprimitiveg throotωofunity.SupposethatSisasubringof thealgebraicnumberfieldsuchthatZ[ω]S.πisasetofra tionalprimenumbersdefinedasfollowsπ={p｜pisarationalprimenumbersuchthatp-1S}.Definition1WecallthataconjugacyclassCofthefinite groupGisaπregularconju…     

The nonwandering set of some Hénon map

For the Hénon mapT _{a, b}(x, y) = (1 −ax ² +y, bx), Benedicks and Carleson proved that for (a,b) near (2, 0) andb > 0, there exists a setE with positive Lebesgue measure, whose corresponding mapT _{a, b} possesses a strange attractor. Viana conjectured that if (a, b) ∈E, then the nonwandering set of the mapT _a, b Ω(T_{a, b}) = ∧_{a, b},Uq _a, b, where ∧_{a, b}, is the strange attractor, q_a,b is a hyperbolic fixed point in the third quadrant. It is proved that this conjecture holds true for a positive measure set E₁ ⊂E.     

二维1:-5 Lotka-Volterra复四次系统的可线性化条件

本文考虑了如下的一类平面四次复Lotka-Volterra系统的可线性化问题ẋ=x（1-a₃₀x³-a₂₁x²y-a₁₂xy²-a₀₃y³）,ẏ=-y（5-b₃₀x³-b₂₁x²y-b₁₂xy²-b₀₃y³）.该系统为四次齐次多项式扰动下的具有$1:-5$线性项的复Lotka-Volterra系统,给出了该系统可线性化的充分必要条件.     

Average widths and optimal recovery of multivariate Besov classes inL p (Rd)

Some weak asymptotic results for average σ-K width and average σ_L width of the isotropic Besov classes S r pθB(R d), S r pθb(R d) and the anisotropic Besov classes S r pθB(R d), S r pθb(R d) in L p(R d) (1≤p<∞) are obtained, and the corresponding weak asymptotic optimal subspaces are identified. Furthermore, the weak asymptotic behavior of optimal recovery is established for the isotropic Besov classes S r pθB(R d) in L p(R d) (1≤p≤∞).     

A new class of harmonic univalent functions by the generalized Salagean operator

A complex-valued harmonic functions that are univalent and sense preserving in the unit disk U can be written in the form f = h ＋ g^-, where h and g are analytic in U. We define and investigate a new class SHPλ（α,β）by generalized Salagean operator of harmonic univalent functions. We give sufficient coefficient conditions for normalized harmonic functions in the class SHPλ（α,β） These conditions are also shown to be necessary when the coefficients are negative. This leads to distortion bounds and extreme points.     

Molecule modification and mass deposition induced by the implantation of low energy Fe+ ion beams into amino acids

Fe⁺ ion beams with the energy of 110 keV were implanted into films of L(+)-cysteine (HSCH₂CH(NH₂)COOH). One of the single crystals grown in hydrochloric acid solution with the implanted samples through slow evaporation was structurally characterized by the X-ray crystallography. The crystal is monoclinic, space group C2, with a = 1.8534(4) nm, b = 0.5234(1) nm, c = 0.7212(1) nm, β= 103.72°, V = 0.67965(3) nm³, Z = 4, F(000) = 144.0, D{clac} = 1.763 g · cm⁻³, μ(MoK _a = 1.06 mm⁻¹, T = 293(2) K. R = 0.0379, wR = 0.0835 for 660 observed reflections (I > 2σ(I)). The structural formula of the crystal compound is (CH₂CH(NH₂)NO₂)ClFe (M _r = 180.38 u). Products of heavy ion beam irradiation were purified and it was directly confirmed that the implanted Fe⁺ ions had been deposited in the novel molecules. The same doses of Fe⁺ ion beams of the same energy were implanted into films of L(+)-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate. FTIR spectroscopy of the implanted samples proved that some of the original molecules were seriously damaged and significant modifications were induced.