核供热堆失水自然循环断流时的流动不稳定性

为研究一体化布置的核供热堆在破口失水事故时主回路冷却剂的自然循环断流过程，在５ＭＷ核供热堆热工水力模拟回路ＨＲＴＬ－５上进行了实验研究。在发生小破口失水事故后维持加热功率为额定功率的５％或２０％。实验结果表明，在自然循环断流过程中主回路可能发生倒流和流量振荡，这是由于破口失水和降压闪蒸联合作用的结果，是由于两相流体密度发生变化引起的。     

疲劳极限升降法中应力增量选取的讨论

本文采用计算机模拟的方法, 通过对１０ 余种材料进行模拟分析得出： 在用升降法测定材料的疲劳极限时, 应力级差的选取范围在材料的疲劳极限的２ ％ ～６ ％ 之间比较合理, 以及材料的分散性大小对结果精度有直接影响等重要结论     

Behavioural ecology: transient sexual mimicry leads to fertilization

Sexual mimicry among animals is widespread, but does it impart a fertilization advantage in the widely accepted 'sneak-guard' model of sperm competition? Here we describe field results in which a dramatic facultative switch in sexual phenotype by sneaker-male cuttlefish leads to immediate fertilization success, even in the presence of the consort male. These results are surprising, given the high rate at which females reject copulation attempts by males, the strong mate-guarding behaviour of consort males, and the high level of sperm competition in this complex mating system.     

基于双向流固耦合模型的溃坝水流数值模拟

弹性结构在运动流体的作用下会产生动力响应,对结构本身的安全性和耐久性都提出了更高的要求。使用开源计算流体力学软件OpenFOAM和开源计算固体力学软件CalculiX建立双向流固耦合模型,对溃坝水流冲击刚性结构和弹性结构的过程进行了数值模拟。首先对比了代数流体体积法和几何流体体积法在分析溃坝水流冲击刚性结构时的精度,结果表明几何流体体积法能够更为准确地模拟剧烈变化的自由液面。进一步采用几何流体体积法对溃坝水流冲击弹性结构的双向耦合问题进行了分析,弹性结构的动力响应和自由液面的分析结果与前人的数值结果吻合良好,表明目前的数值模型可以应用到实际工程的流固耦合分析中。     

Animal mimicry: choosing when to be a cleaner-fish mimic

Mimicry in vertebrates is usually a permanent state--mimics resemble and normally accompany their model throughout the life stages during which they act as mimics. Here we show that the bluestriped fangblenny fish (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos), which aggressively attacks other coral-reef fish, can turn off the mimetic colours that disguise it as the benign bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, and assume a radically different appearance. This opportunistic facultative mimicry extends the fangblenny's scope by allowing it to blend into shoals of small reef fish as well as to remain inconspicuous at cleaning stations.     

羽绒服防钻绒性试验方法探析

羽绒服防钻绒性试验方法的研究一直是制约羽绒制品发展的瓶颈.科学有效的测试方法与试验设备对羽绒服防钻绒性能的研究影响重大.本文将以中华人民共和国国家标准(GB/T12705-91)中规定的织物防钻绒性试验方法为依据,同时比较国外在该领域的发展状况,深入分析国家标准试验方法中试验原理与设备的科学性、有效性,提出现有的回转箱测试方法可能存在的不足,探讨防钻绒性试验方法与设备研究的新思路.