Shwartzman phenomenon without endotoxin preparation

Zusammenfassung Kasein, Pepton bzw. Baktokasiton wurde als präparierende Erstinjektion für lokalisiertes Shwartzman-Phänomen an Kaninchen verwendet. Nach provozierender i.v. Endotoxininjektion kommt es zum typischen Shwartzman-Phänomen. Da die verwendeten Substanzen Chemotaxis von Leukozyten verursachen, ist anzunehmen, dass die an Stelle der präparierenden Injektion angesammelten Leukozyten in der Ausbildung des Shwartzman-Phänomens eine vorwiegende Rolle spielen.     

Lack of endotoxin effect on the microcirculation after pretreatment with detoxified endotoxin (endotoxoid)

Zusammenfassung Die Endotoxin-bedingten Störungen an der Mikrozirkulation — geprüft an der Hamsterbackentasche und dem Meerschweinchenmesenterium — bleiben aus, wenn den Tieren 24 h zuvor detoxifiziertes Endotoxin verabreicht wurde.     

Bacterial endotoxin and impaired fetal development

Summary Small doses ofE. coli endotoxin given to pregnant mice on the 13th day of pregnancy caused only a mild maternal illness but induced resorption of approximately half the number of fetuses in each mouse. The remaining live fetuses developed normally and showed no evidence of retarded growth or malformations. The weights of their placentas and maternal spleens increased significantly. Endotoxin given on the 6th day of pregnancy caused a small reduction in fetal weights.Acknowledgments. I am indebted to Mrs.Heather Sandison for technical assistance and to Mr.M. J. R. Healy for statistical examination of the results. Dr.A. B. G. Lansdown kindly advized on the interpretation of histological findings.     

Kinins and kininogen in endotoxin shock

Résumé Aucune quantité détectable de kinines ne fut trouvée après administration d'endotoxine et l'on n'obtint pas de différence significative dans le contenu plasmatique en kininogènes après l'injection. Nos résultats n'attribuent aux kinines aucune participation significative à l'hypotension du choc endotoxique.

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Supported in part by a grant of the Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CNICT), Argentina.     

Dithiols simulate endotoxin in theLimulus reaction

Summary Dithiothreitol, dithioerythritol and bacterial lipopolysaccharides increase optical absorbance and clotLimulus lysate. Purification of dithiothreitol from possible endotoxin contamination by vacuum sublimation or chromatography does not abolish the reaction with lysate. The dithiols reported active here represent the smallest molecules capable of simulating endotoxin in theLimulus test.Acknowledgments. This investigation was supported by grant No. P30 14194 and CA 12635, awarded by the National Cancer Institute, Dhew.     

Changes in hepatic glycosaminoglycans following endotoxin administration

Summary Incorporation of [35]S-sulfate into hepatic glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is affected by intravenous administration of endotoxin. There are significant increases in total labeled glycosaminoglycans and in the percentage of labeled dermatan sulfate 72 h post-endotoxin.     

Modification of an endotoxin effect by esters

Zusammenfassung Immuntolerante Mäuse können durch Endotoxin in immunologisch reaktive Tiere verwandelt werden. Eine zu wiederholten Malen verabreichte Substanz (Äthylstearat) hemmt die Umwandlung.

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This work was supported by PHS Training Grant No. 5T1AI162-05.     

Enhancing effect of insulin on endotoxin lethality

Résumé Nous avons constaté que les souris traitées à l'insuline possèdent une sensibilité élevée à l'endotoxine de bactéries à gram négatif. Ce résultat concorde avec l'hypothèse d'une relation inverse entre la quantité de glucose dans le sang et la sensibilité d'un hôte à une grande variété de «Stressors».     

Methyl cellosolve-induced sensitization of mice to bacterial endotoxin

Summary Treatment of mice with a sublethal dose of methyl cellosolve renders the animals 64-fold more sensitive to the toxic effects of bacterial endotoxin.Acknowledgments. I would like to thank Mr Larry Davis for his excellent technical assistance in these studies.This work was supported by the Naval Medical Research and Development Command, Research Work Unit No. MF585240013.1026. The opinions and assertions contained herein are the private ones of the writer and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Navy Department or the naval service at large. The experiments conducted herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, Institute of Laboratory Resources, National Research Council.     

Dithiols simulate endotoxin in the Limulus reaction.

Dithiothreitol, dithioerythritol and bacterial lipopolysaccharides increase optical absorbance and clot Limulus lysate. Purification of dithiothreitol from possible endotoxin contamination by vacuum sublimation or chromatography does not abolish the reaction with lysate. The dithiols reported active here represent the smallest molecules capable of simulating endotoxin in the Limulus test.     

Overcoming of endotoxin - mediated immunosuppression byBordetella pertussis

Zusammenfassung Die endotoxin-induzierte Suppression der Antikörperbildung gegenüber Schaferythrocyten beschränkt sich nicht nur auf die Primärreaktion, sondern findet ihren Ausdruck auch in einer signifikanten Verminderung der Präparation des lymphoretikulären Gewebes für die anamnestische Reaktion. Beide Suppressionseffekte lassen sich überwinden, wenn man den mit relativ hohen Endotoxindosen vorbehandelten Mäusen simultan mit dem Erythrocytenantigen abgetötete Zellen vonBordetella pertussis verabfolgt. Diese Aktivität dürfte darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass neben dem Endotoxin noch andere Strukturbausteine vonB. pertussis adjuvante Aktivität besitzen.

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We acknowledge financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft.     

Increased vascular prostacyclin activity in rats after endotoxin administration

Summary Endotoxin did not interact in vitro with prostacyclin activity but stimulated its release from vascular tissues when administered in single doses to rats 30 min before testing.Acknowledgments. This work was performed with the partial support of the Italian National Research Council (contract CNR 80-01086-83, Medicina Preventiva-Arteriosclerosi).     

Hypersensitivity to endotoxin hepatotoxicity in rats with inflammatory lesions

Summary The ratio of sinusoidal nonparenchymal cells to hepatocytes in rat liver was significantly increased following induction of inflammation, and decreased after subsequent exposure to endotoxin, particularly in the region around the terminal portal venules. Rats with inflammatory lesions were more sensitive to endotoxin hepatocytotoxicity than normal controls, as judged from the dose-dependent increase in activity of serum transaminases and from the extent of liver tissue injury. In addition, these animals, which were already in a state of depletion of hepatic glycogen, demonstrated marked hyperglycemia 24 h after endotoxin administration in small doses of less than 2 mg/kg.     

Labeling of endotoxin lipopolysaccharide with technetium-99m pertechnetate

Summry Bacterial endotoxin treated with technetium-99m can be visualized in living animals by gamma camera imaging.This work was supported in part by grant No. M4 305105-3100 from the Naval Research and Development Command.     

Hypersensitivity to endotoxin hepatotoxicity in rats with inflammatory lesions

The ratio of sinusoidal nonparenchymal cells to hepatocytes in rat liver was significantly increased following induction of inflammation, and decreased after subsequent exposure to endotoxin, particularly in the region around the terminal portal venules. Rats with inflammatory lesions were more sensitive to endotoxin hepatocytotoxicity than normal controls, as judged from the dose-dependent increase in activity of serum transaminases and from the extent of liver tissue injury. In addition, these animals, which were already in a state of depletion of hepatic glycogen, demonstrated marked hyperglycemia 24 h after endotoxin administration in small doses of less than 2 mg/kg.