N-（2＇，4＇-二氯苯亚甲基）-5-氨基-1H-1，2，4-三氮唑-3-羧酸的合成与生物活性研究

采用2，4-二氯苯甲醛与5-氨基-1H-1，2，4-三氮唑-3-羧酸反应合成了一种新型三氮唑的席夫碱，用UV、IR、^1H NMR和元素分析证明了其结构，并探讨了其最佳合成条件．生物活性试验证明，该目标化合物具有优良的细胞分裂素活性与促进生根的性能，对粮食和蔬菜具有较好的增产作用．     

1H-1，5-苯并二氮杂卓的合成研究进展

摘要：1H-1,5-苯并二氮杂卓是一类具有重要生理活性和药理活性的七元杂环化合物．文章综述了近年来1H-1,5-苯并二氮杂卓的合成研究进展,包括催化剂法、固态合成法、微波辐射促进合成等．     

光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ）抑制剂的合成与生物活性研究

合成了系列新型光系统Ⅱ（ＰＳⅡ）抑制剂，进行了元素分析和生物活性测试，测试结果表明，所合成的化合物均具有希尔反应抑制活性，有一些化合物的活性还较高，为新型ＰＳⅡ除草剂的开发应用提供了重要信息。     

光系统II(PSII)抑制剂的合成与生物活性研究

合成了系列新型光系统 II (PSII)抑制剂 ,进行了元素分析和生物活性测试 .测试结果表明 ,所合成的化合物均具有希尔反应抑制活性 ,有一些化合物的活性还较高 ,为新型 PSII除草剂的开发应用提供了重要信息 .     

应用分子图形学、分子力学、量子化学及静电势研究农药分子结构与性能关系(Ⅶ)──磺酰脲分子构象差异对活性影响的ANN研究

应用人工神经网络方法（ANN）研究磺酰脲类除草剂构象差异对其活性的影响．主要考虑对碘酰脲类除草剂与受体相互作用有所影响的两类因素，即电荷因素和几何因素．当两者都考虑时得均方误差msc＝0．078，而仅考虑前者时得msc＝0．118，这表明构象差异确实对此类除草剂活性有较显著影响，必须加以考虑．本文首次用RMS来定量表征构象差异．     

新型膦酸酯类化合物的合成及除草活性

为获得具有良好除草活性的新型膦酸酯化合物，基于活性亚结构拼接原理，将呋喃环引入先导结构IV的R位设计合成了8个结构新颖的膦酸酯类化合物，并对其进行了除草活性和杀草谱测试.测试结果表明大部分化合物都具有较高的除草活性，其中化合物V-1在75 g·hm^-2(a.i.)的浓度下，对测试杂草的效果与草甘膦相当，显示了具有作为除草剂先导化合物进一步研究的价值.     

HPLC手性固定相色谱法拆分新型钙拮抗剂MN9201

为了建立新型钙通道拮抗剂MN9201的高效液相色谱(HPLC)手性拆分方法,采用Daicel OJ-H手性固定相色谱分析柱(250 mm×4.6mm,5 μm),优化色谱条件,拆分MN9201消旋体.建立的HPLC手性拆分条件为:用Daicel OJ-H手性分析柱,以正己烷-异丙醇-三乙胺(91:9:0.1,V:V:V)为流动相,流速为0.5 mL/min,检测波长为237 nm,MN9201对映体可达到基线分离.本研究为MN9201单一对映异构体的分离、制备及含量测定等提供了简单、快捷的方法.     

除草剂生物活性测定

除草剂生物活性测定是度量除草剂对杂草生物效应大小和对农作物安全性的农药生物测定． 本文采用希尔反应（ＨｉｌｌＲｅａｃｔｉｏｎ）活力的分光光度法，测定了根据定量药物分子设计而合成出的五种光合作用光系统ＩＩ（ＰＳＩＩ）抑制剂的活性，获得了它们的ｐＩ５０数据．     

芳基三唑啉酮类除草剂三维定量构效关系研究

使用比较分子场分析法（ＣｏＭＦＡ）,对１８种抑制原卟啉原氧化酶（ＰＰＯ）的芳基三唑啉酮类化合物进行了三维定量构效关系（ＱＳＡＲ）研究,得到了具有较强预测能力的ＱＳＡＲ模型．该模型显示空间场和静电场效应在抑制ＰＰＯ活性方面均起重要作用,模型对进一步设计、合成具有更高活性的新型除草剂具有指导意义     

2,4-D的无氯合成

研究了除草剂2，4-D的无氯合成，该方法避免使用有毒气体——氯气参加反应，得到了一种合成2，4-D的最佳反应物配比．结果表明该法原理正确，路线合理，方法简单，且收率高，与传统工艺相比，有许多优越之处。     

非线性粉体动态数学模型的参数估计

本文探讨了非线性粉体动态数学模型的参数估计方法,研制了用于该方法的计算机软件H-16。用该软件对雾化铁粉热压的实验数据进行处理,得到了令人满意的结果。本文还讨论了加速迭代过程的方法,将变步长辛普生积分算法作适当的改进,其积分运算速度可提高一到几十倍。     

Recognition of H-2 domains by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

The polymorphic major histocompatibility antigens (H-2) have a crucial role in the activation of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Thus, H-2 antigens are not only recognized by allogenic lymphocytes leading to generation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), but it has also been demonstrated that in syngeneic systems most T cells are only able to recognize foreign antigens in conjunction with their own MHC (major histocompatibility complex) antigens. This phenomenon, termed H-2 restriction, may be the key to our understanding to the biological function of MHC antigens. It is not clear whether recognition by T cells of H-2 on a molecular level is confined to particular domains on the H-2 molecule, nor whether the same polymorphic H-2 sites, which are characterized by antibodies, are recognized by allogeneic as well as by H-2 restricted syngeneic CTLs. Previous findings indicate the existence of at least two major polymorphic domains on the H-2Kk molecule as defined by antibodies. Here we show the existence of CTLs with specifity for these polymorphic domains, and the preferential recognition of a particular domain by both alloreactive as well as H-2 restricted CTLs.     

氢核磁共振法测定中药茜草中大叶茜草素和羟基茜草素的含量

综合运用一维和二维核磁共振波谱技术,对茜草提取物中大叶茜草素、羟基茜草素的信号进行指认归属,并建立氢核磁共振法同时测定茜草中大叶茜草素、羟基茜草素含量的方法。在综合考虑茜草提取物的信号分离度及溶解性的基础上,最终选定氘代二甲基亚砜为测试溶剂,以大叶茜草素的烯烃信号(δ_H5.77,H-2')和羟基茜草素的H-3信号(δ_H6.67)为定量峰,以顺丁烯二酸为定量内标。该方法具有较好的稳定性、重复性、精密度和准确性,且测定结果与HPLC-UV方法所得数据基本一致。所建立的氢核磁定量方法操作简单,测试时间短,且定量过程中不需要对照品,可用于中药茜草的质量控制及评价。     

Isolation and analysis of naturally processed viral peptides as recognized by cytotoxic T cells.

Virus-infected cells can be eliminated by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), which recognize virus-derived peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules on the cell surface. Until now, this notion has relied on overwhelming but indirect evidence, as the existence of naturally processed viral peptides has not been previously reported. Here we show that such peptides can be extracted from virus-infected cells by acid elution. Both the naturally processed H-2-Db-restricted and H-2-Kd-restricted peptides from influenza nucleoprotein are smaller than the corresponding synthetic peptides, which have first been used to determine the respective CTL epitopes. As with minor histocompatibility antigens, occurrence of viral peptides seems to be heavily dependent on MHC class I molecules, because infected H-2d cells do not contain the H-2-Db-restricted peptide, and infected H-2b cells do not contain the H-2-Kd-restricted peptide. Our data provide direct experimental proof for the above notion on MHC-associated viral peptides on virus-infected cells.     

人肿瘤细胞株中细小病毒H—1的DNA扩增与非结构蛋白NS—1基因的表达

研究三株人癌细胞和两株对照细胞对细小病毒Ｈ－１杀伤作用敏感性的分子机制．表明了在感染复数ｍｏｉ（ｍｕｌｔｉｐｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｉｎｆｅｃｔｉｏｎ）为５ｐｆｕ（ｐｌａｑｕｅｆｏｒｍｉｎｇｕｎｉｔ）／细胞的情况下，作为Ｈ—１病毒复制受纳细胞的人肝癌细胞株ＯＧＹ－７７０３和人胃癌细胞株ＳＧＣ—７９０１，能够支持病毒ＤＮＡ扩增和非结构蛋白ＮＳ—１基因的表达，这和作为阳性对照的由ＳＶ４０转化的新生儿肾细胞株ＮＢ—Ｋ一样，但对Ｈ—１病毒感染有抗性的人肾癌细胞株ＯＵＲ—１０和它的对照人胎肾细胞株ＨｕＫ—１，并不支持病毒ＤＮＡ扩增和ＮＳ—１蛋白的表达．本文结果指出，细小病毒Ｈ—１的杀伤作用与细胞中的病毒ＤＮＡ扩增及ＮＳ—１基因表达的程度相关．     

Construction, expression and recognition of an H-2 molecule lacking its carboxyl terminus

A mouse major histocompatibility antigen (H-2) gene, encoding a novel H-2Ld molecule lacking its intracytoplasmic domain, has been constructed and introduced into mouse L-cells. The novel H-2 molecule is found on the surface of the transfected cells at the same level as L-cells transfected with the native H-2Ld gene. Allo- and influenza-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes can recognize the truncated H-2 gene product nearly as efficiently as the normal H-2Ld gene product. However, vesicular stomatitis virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes recognize the truncated H-2Ld molecule less efficiently than the complete H-2Ld product. The rate of capping of the truncated H-2Ld molecule was investigated and found to be the same as that of the complete H-2Ld gene product.     

小鼠H-2D~b-BSP融合基因的构建与表达

目的:构建小鼠H-2Db-BSP融合基因,并诱导其在大肠杆菌中表达.方法:采用RT-PCR方法从C57BL/6小鼠淋巴细胞中扩增出H-2Db链的胞外段基因,经双酶切置换已构建的HLA-A*0201-BSP重组体中的HLA-A*0201胞外段序列,使H-2Db与BirA酶底物肽(BSP)序列融合,构建H-2Db-BSP融合基因表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)菌株,筛选重组子,并经IPTG诱导融合蛋白表达.结果:构建的H-2Db-BSP融合基因插入正确且序列与GenBank一致;经1mmol/L浓度的IPTG诱导后4h蛋白表达达到高峰,且融合蛋白以包涵体形式存在.结论:成功构建H-2Db-BSP融合基因,并诱导其在大肠杆菌得以表达,为进一步构建H-2Db四聚体,研究T细胞应答提供了物质基础.     

4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的合成

改进4-[1,2,4] 三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的合成方法,以价廉易得的对氰基氯苄代替对氰基溴苄,研究对氰基氯苄与1H-[1,2,4]三氮唑的N-烃基化反应及合成4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的工艺条件.实验所选用的最佳工艺条件:对氰基氯苄为0.03 mol,1H-[1,2,4]三氮唑用量为0.045 mol,乙腈溶剂为20 mL,混合碱(无水碳酸钾和氢氧化钾的量比为1∶1)的总用量为0.03 mol,反应温度为70 ℃,反应时间为5 h,在此条件下,4-[1,2,4]三氮唑-1-基甲基苯腈的收率可达76%.     

一元链醇、环戊烷基链烷临界温度的三参数预报函数

本文依据由HMO理论导出的临界温度预报函数,从链状H-[-CH2-]n-OH和H-[-CH2-]n- 。同系物不确定度各异的27组临界温度文献值中甄选出一致性样本,据此拟合出临界温度预报函数中的三参数值,得到最大预报偏差分别为0．48K、0．62K,平均绝对误差分别为0．29K、0．45K,且显著优于复合基团贡献法估算精度的效果。     

Identity of cells that imprint H-2-restricted T-cell specificity in the thymus

The thymus has two important roles in controlling the specificity of T lymphocytes. First, T cells differentiating in the thymus are rendered tolerant of 'self' antigens, particularly antigens encoded by the major histocompatibility complex, the H-2 complex in mice. Second, the thymus imbues T cells with the property of H-2-restricted recognition of antigen, that is, the capacity of T cells to react with foreign antigens presented in association with self H-2 gene products. Until recently it has generally been assumed that self-tolerance and H-2-restricted specificity both reflect early T-cell contact with self H-2 determinants expressed on thymic epithelial cells. Recent evidence suggests, however, that intrathymic cells of the macrophage/dendritic cell (Mphi/DC) lineage also have a role in shaping T-cell specificity. In particular, it has been found that the tolerance to graft-type H-2 determinants which normally ensues when T cells differentiate in an H-2-different thymus fails to occur when the thymus is pretreated with deoxyguanosine (dGuo), a procedure that selectively destroys Mphi/DC but spares epithelial cells. In contrast to these findings on tolerance induction, evidence is presented here that dGuo-treated thymus grafts do imprint T cells with H--2-restricted specificity for antigen. It appears, therefore, that induction of tolerance and H--2 restriction are controlled by different cells in the thymus.