基于稀疏重构残差和随机森林的集成分类算法

传统的基于稀疏表示的图像分类算法,通常根据稀疏重构后类残差向量的l2范数得到分类判决.在复杂情况下,各类残差向量l2的范数差别可能并不明显,从而导致分类器作出错误判决.提出了一种基于稀疏表示和随机森林的集成分类方法,通过稀疏表达字典对图像进行重构,提取各类残差图像的l2范数组成特征向量,并引入随机森林进行分类判决,有效地提升了算法基于类残差向量的判决能力.在手写数字数据库MNIST上的实验结果表明,在训练样本数较少的情况下,提出的基于稀疏表示和随机森林的集成学习分类方法与目前主流的SVM分类方法及随机森林方法进行比较,识别率有较为明显的提高,具有良好的鲁棒性.     

结合过完备字典与PCA的小样本语音情感识别方法

针对稀疏表示识别方法需要大量样本训练过完备字典且特征冗余度较高的问题,提出了结合过完备字典学习与PCA降维的小样本语音情感识别算法.该方法首先用PCA降维方法将特征降维,再将处理后的特征用于过完备字典训练与稀疏表示识别方法,从而给出了语音情感特征的稀疏表示方法,并确定了新算法的具体步骤.为验证其有效性,在同等特征维数下,将方法与BP、SVM进行比较,并对比、分析语音情感特征稀疏化前后对语音情感识别率、时间效率以及空间效率的影响.试验结果表明,所提出方法的识别率比SVM与BP高;与采用稀疏化前的特征相比,稀疏化后的特征向量更便于处理,平均识别率提高约15%,时间效率提高近原来的1/2,空间效率提升近原来的1/3.     

基于遗传算法优化匹配追踪的自然环境声音分类

针对自然环境中各种背景噪声下的声音事件识别问题,提出一种基于遗传匹配追踪算法将自然环境音频信号稀疏表示进行分类的方法.首先,利用匹配追踪(MP)算法稀疏表示信号的主体结构,以消除噪声影响,其中利用采用精英策略的遗传算法(GA)优化MP的分解重构速度;接着,提取MFCCs作为音频信号的特征参数;最后,使用分类器支持向量机(SVM)和高斯混合模型(GMM)对4大类19种声音进行分类与比较,分类效果明显优于未进行稀疏表示的声音信号.实验表明,SVM模型分类效果优于GMM,提出的方法对实地采集的自然环境音频信号能有效识别.     

基于Metaface字典学习与核稀疏表示的人脸识别方法

完备的稀疏表示方法近年来应用在人脸识别中并取得较好的结果,它可以仅利用样本的随机投影完成对测试样本的识别。在实际应用中,由于受光照、遮挡等因素的影响,测试样本并不能通过训练样本的线性组合得到很好的稀疏重构。本文提出了基于Metaface字典学习与核稀疏表示的人脸识别方法,借助核技巧,将数据样本和字典集映射到高维的未知空间,以解决特征的非线性相似问题。在核空间对数据样本进行稀疏重构,得到数据在核空间的一种简洁的稀疏表达方式从而提高识别率,而Metaface字典学习框架的引入可以得到更加精炼的字典,从全局上提高识别率。通过在ORL人脸库、Yale人脸库和AR人脸库的实验表明,同等情况下,本文提出的方法优于PCA,SVM,SRC等方法,进一步提高了人脸识别率,具有较好的应用价值。     

一种面向稀疏表示的最大间隔字典学习算法

近年来,基于稀疏表示的分类技术(SRC)在图像分类和目标识别中取得了巨大的成功。在该框架中,过完备基的学习和多类分类器(通常为支持向量机SVM)的训练是最关键的两个步骤。但在目前的许多方法中,这两个模块的构建过程都是相互独立的。该文针对以上问题,提出了一种用于稀疏表示的最大间隔字典学习算法,将两类SVM分类器的损失函数项的平方及分类间隔作为正则项与稀疏字典的学习过程进行了整合,并提出相应的坐标轮换优化算法对目标函数进行优化,实现了字典和分类器的同步学习。所提出的框架能够增强多类分类器中两类分类器的推广性能,并减少多类分类器的误差界。为了对所提出算法的性能进行评价,在2个常用标准库上进行了分类实验。结果表明,所提出的算法的与SRC相比识别率提升均超过3%。     

隐式低秩表示联合稀疏表示的人脸识别方法

针对人脸识别中存在的遮挡、阴影、反光等不同程度的数据破坏以及训练样本不充足导致识别率低的问题,提出一种基于隐式低秩表示联合稀疏表示(LatLRR_SRC,Latent Low-Rank Representation Sparse Representation Classification)的人脸识别方法.该方法首先采用隐式低秩表示(LatLRR,Latent Low-Rank Representation)算法将训练样本矩阵分解为两个低秩逼近矩阵和一个稀疏误差矩阵.然后将低秩逼近矩阵和稀疏误差矩阵联合构成完备字典,并用K-SVD算法对字典进行学习,得到测试样本在学习后字典下的稀疏表示.最后对测试样本利用上述隐式低秩表示分解的三部分的稀疏逼近计算残差,完成测试样本的分类识别.在Extend YaleB和CMU PIE人脸数据上的实验结果表明,基于LatLRR_SRC的人脸识别方法具有较高的识别率和稳定性.     

局部保持的稀疏表示字典学习

稀疏表示分类中的字典选择至关重要,为了用较少的字典原子更好地表示原始训练样本的局部信息,并且使学习出的字典更加具有判别信息,提出了一种基于局部保持准则的稀疏表示字典学习方法.该方法将局部保持准则强加在编码系数上,使得学习出的字典具有相近数据点的编码系数也保持近邻关系的特性,从而保持原始训练样本的局部信息.在扩展YaleB、AR和COIL20数据库上的实验结果表明,文中方法的分类识别结果优于其他方法,说明该方法是有效的.     

基于特征参数稀疏表示的SAR图像目标识别

通过对合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）图像的统计特性分析,提出一种基于特征参数稀疏表示的SAR图像目标识别算法,有效地解决了图像域稀疏表示识别算法存在的高维问题。由低维高精度的广义二维主分量特征构成过完备字典,基于Fisher线性判别准则对该字典进行学习优化,使得类内更紧凑,类间更分开,同时降低了稀疏求解的复杂度。求解测试样本在优化字典下的稀疏表示系数,根据系数矢量的能量特征完成分类识别。MSTAR（moving and stationany target acquisition and recognition）实测SAR图像数据实验的结果表明,该方法稀疏求解复杂度低,并且只需简单的SAR图像预处理即可有效地提高识别的准确率和速度     

SVM-KNN分类器在网页分类中的应用

为了提高中文网页自动分类的分类精度,将SVM-KNN方法用于中文网页分类.提出了一种中文网页的表示方法,在将下载的网页全部表示为向量空间的向量后,用SVM构造了一个多类分类器.在分类时通过在特征空间计算网页所表示的向量和分界面的距离决定采用SVM方法还是KNN方法对其分类.实验证明该方法是一种有效的方法,对网页分类的各类,使用该方法均比使用SVM方法具有更高的分类精度,同时能缓解SVM训练时对核参数的选择困难问题.     

基于跨域字典学习算法的人体行为识别

将一种跨域字典学习算法应用于人体行为识别中, 通过引入辅助域数据集, 与原始训练集（目标域）共同进行字典学习, 获得字典对, 进而得到动作类的稀疏编码, 有效扩充了训练集的类内多样性. 该算法为字典学习与训练分类相结合的学习框架, 可利用字典对学习过程中的重建误差进行分类. 实验在MATLAB仿真条件下进行, 将UCF YouTube数据集作为原始训练集, 将HMDB51数据集作为辅助域数据集, 选取两个数据集动作类别一致的7个动作, 根据提出的算法流程进行识别. 将该方法与其他两种人体行为识别算法进行对比. 结果表明, 该方法识别率显著提高, 证明了跨域字典学习算法在人体行为识别上的有效性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that