锌对水稻金属硫蛋白基因家族的表达以及重组酵母细胞耐受性的影响

采用Northern杂交和酵母功能互补实验,分析了10个水稻I类金属硫蛋白基因(Os MT-Is)在水稻幼苗和重组酵母细胞中与Zn2 的应答反应.Zn2 处理后样品的杂交结果显示:在幼苗的地上部分,除了3个4型Os MT-I基因(Os MT-I-4a,Os MT-I-4b,Os MT-I-4c)的表达不受Zn2 的影响外,其余6个基因的表达都有不同程度的增加;而在根中,Zn2 明显增加了Os MT-I-1b和Os MT-I-2c的转录,但Os MT-I-1a和Os MT-I-3a的转录却受到了抑制.将Os MT-Is转化Zn2 敏感酵母突变体并获得异源表达后,10个成员都可以在一定程度上提高酵母细胞的Zn2 耐受力,而且表现出重组酵母体内Zn2 积累的增加.上述结果表明OsMT-I家族的成员均能够对外加的Zn2 产生反应,可能是通过螯合Zn2 来增加了生物体对Zn2 耐受性.     

水稻bHLH转录因子Os11g39000的功能研究

水稻Os11g39000为非典型的bHLH家族成员,其功能尚不清楚.酵母双杂交实验表明,转录因子Os11g39000可以形成同源蛋白聚合体.随机结合位点筛选实验表明,转录因子Os11g39000可以与DNA结合,并且其结合位点初步确定为TT/CG/CACC/GT/C.Os11g39000基因的组织表达模式分析发现,Os11g39000基因主要在叶片和根中表达,推测该基因可能在叶和根的发育调控中发挥作用.水培实验发现,该基因功能缺陷型转基因株系的根长显著短于野生型,表现出明显的根部发育缺陷,表明Os11g39000在水稻根的发育中起调控作用.Q-PCR分析进一步证明,功能缺陷型转基因植株体内生长素合成和信号转导相关基因表达量显著上升,表明转录因子Os11g39000参与了水稻生长素的合成和信号转导的调控.     

拟南芥AtDWD与DDB1相互作用研究

本文通过酵母双杂交实验(Y2H)和双荧光互补实验(BIFC)分别从体外和体内条件下检测了AtDWD与CUL4型E3连接酶的底物识别蛋白结合蛋白DDB1a和DDB1b的相互作用,发现AtDWD与DDB1b有较强的相互作用,而与DDB1a的相互作用较弱,相互作用区域位于AtDWD的C末端部位.说明了AtDWD是潜在的CUL4型E3连接酶的底物识别亚基.此外,本文中还发现AtDWD过表达植株对冷冻胁迫更加敏感.AtDWD可能参与冷胁迫信号通路.     

组蛋白甲基化酶Set2片段调控SET结构域催化活性的探讨

以酿酒酵母为研究材料,通过体外甲基化、体内免疫共沉淀等一系列实验,研究了酵母组蛋白甲基转移酶Set2片段调控SET结构域催化活性的机制。发现将SRI 结构域敲除后（1─618片段）,仅催化产生H3K36的单甲基化,将其WW结构域、CC结构域敲除后（1─475片段）,H3K36无法被甲基化。将Set2截取到仅剩SET催化结构域（1─261片段）,H3K36又可被一甲基化和部分的二甲基化修饰。研究结果表明SET结构域的催化活性并非由Set2蛋白自身折叠调控。     

人CtBP2与CCNH相互作用的初步研究

CtBP2(E1AC-terminal binding protein 2)作为辅阻遏物与多种转录因子联系而参与到很多生物过程中,如细胞分化、凋亡、发育和肿瘤发生等,然而其中许多作用机制尚不明了.为了对CtBP2进行深入研究,利用高通量酵母双杂交技术,以人CtBP2为诱饵,与含有1000个人肝基因克隆的酵母双杂交文库进行接合筛选获得了一个与它相互作用的猎物蛋白CCNH(Cyclin H).通过GST-pull down、免疫共沉淀和亚细胞共定位等实验进一步证明了这两个蛋白在体外和体内的相互作用.     

国外期刊亮点

正破译"组蛋白密码"识别新机制清华大学医学院基础医学系和结构生物学中心XXiiaaoonnaann SSuu等从结构生物学角度解析组蛋白甲基化修饰识别新机制,进一步探索了表观遗传调控研究。研究成果发表于3月15日出版的GenesDev。该研究报道了Spindlin1蛋白特异识别一种新型组蛋白甲基化修饰组合H3"K4me3─R8me2a"的分子结构基础,并结合细胞生物学研究,探讨了该识别在结肠癌Wnt信号通路中的激活调控作用。结构研究表明Spindlin1分别通过串联Spin/Ssty结构域2和1特异性识别组蛋白H3K4me3和H3R8me2a甲基化修饰;利用等温量热滴定法测定该识别的结合常数高达45 nmol,是目前已报导的结合力最强的组蛋白修饰识别事件,充分显示了组蛋白修饰多价态识别的潜力。     

拟南芥钙依赖蛋白激酶CPK11与ABA响应元件结合因子ABF4相互作用的研究

为研究钙依赖蛋白激酶CPK11参与ABA信号通路的方式,本文利用体外酵母双杂实验(Y2H)以及体内双分子荧光互补实验(BiFC)分析CPK11与ABA响应元件结合因子(ABA-responsive element binding factors, ABFs)ABF4之间的关系.酵母双杂交实验表明CPK11与ABF4存在体外相互作用,双分子荧光互补实验表明CPK11与ABF4存在体内相互作用.以上实验共同证明CPK11与ABF4存在直接相互作用.作为CPK11的同源蛋白CPK4与转录因子ABF4在植物体内也存在相互作用.以上实验表明CPK11及其同源蛋白CPK4可能通过与转录因子ABF4相互作用从而参与钙离子介导的ABA信号通路.     

酿酒酵母组蛋白H3K14乙酰化对H3K4三甲基化的影响

首先构建酿酒酵母BY4741组蛋白H3第14位赖氨酸突变菌株,该位点突变后则不能被乙酰化.然后通过Western blot检测突变菌株和未突变菌株(对照菌株)的H3K4三甲基化.结果表明,H3K14突变菌株中未检测到H3K4三甲基化,而作为对照的未突变菌株能够检验到H3K4三甲基化修饰.该结果显示酿酒酵母组蛋白H3K14乙酰化能够对H3K4三甲基化产生影响.     

平菇液体菌种蛋白质含量提高的研究

本文重点研究如何提高平菇液体菌种中蛋白质的含量。以蛋白质含量为指标对平菇液体菌种培养基的碳源、氮源以及无机盐进行单因素优化,实验得出最佳试验因素为酵母浸出粉、葡萄糖、Mg SO4、K2HPO4,以酵母浸出粉、葡萄糖、Mg SO4·7H2O、K2HPO4为试验因素进行正交实验,得出蛋白质含量最高的培养基配方是:酵母浸出粉20 g/L,葡糖糖20 g/L,Mg SO4·7H2O 1.5 g/L、K2HPO40.5 g/L,平菇液体菌种中蛋白质含量最多可达448.4 mg/g。     

慢性铅暴露对海马神经元中组蛋白H3K4甲基化转移酶的影响

文章以原代海马神经元为模型,探讨慢性铅暴露对组蛋白H3K4甲基化转移酶Kmt2a(MLL1)的影响及潜在机制。将原代海马神经元细胞分为空白对照组和慢性铅暴露实验组。实验组在第3天加入5μmol/L的醋酸铅暴露至第14天。通过Western blot检测MLL1以及组蛋白H3K4的甲基化蛋白表达量,定量聚合酶链式反应(quantitative polymerase chain reiciton,Q-PCR)检测甲基化转移酶、去甲基化转移酶以及相关LncRNA的mRNA表达量。结果显示:铅暴露显著降低了MLL1蛋白的相对质量,且其mRNA的水平也显著降低,但是作为MLL1的下游H3K4me2和H3K4me3的蛋白相对质量并没有产生显著性变化。Q-PCR结果显示,与对照组相比,另一种亚型组蛋白H3K4甲基化转移酶Kmt2b的mRNA水平不变,同时H3K4去甲基化酶Kdm1a的mRNA表达量显著降低,而Kdm5a不变。另外,H3K4me3的下游基因Nrg1和Meis2的mRNA水平均显著降低,并且具有招募功能的4种LncRNA(Evx1as、Hoxb5/6as、Malat1、MIAT)的mRNA水平均显著上升。该研究结果表明,慢性铅暴露环境对于H3K4甲基化的蛋白总量并没有产生影响,但是影响了其在染色质中的分布,并且这一过程可能是受上游LncRNA的调控实现的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to