脆弱纸质档案多功能纸浆加固新技术

针对单薄、脆弱、酸化的古籍、档案修裱后增厚大、易发霉、耐老化差等问题,提出了一种多功能同种纤维纸浆加固新方法。在传统纸浆中添加具有脱酸、防紫外光老化及防霉性能的无机纳米材料,不仅提升了加固纸浆的性能,而且实现了对纸张加固、脱酸、防霉、防紫外光老化的一体化保护。通过模拟试样加速老化试验,对加固前后和老化前后耐折度、抗张强度、柔软度、pH、厚度及防霉性能等进行了测试。结果表明:采用本技术加固后的纸张耐久性明显提高,纸张保持原来柔软度,老化后pH变化小,加固后增厚较小,防霉性能优异。该技术已经成功应用于清代古籍善本抢救修复中,得到了良好的加固保护效果。     

集锌盐和镁盐于一体的纸张脱酸液制备及性能

采用含0.02 mol/L乙酸锌(C4H6O4Zn)、0.1 mol/L六次甲基四胺(HMT)和Mg(HCO3)2溶液复配成脱酸液,纸质文物在脱酸液中浸泡后放入微波炉中低火加热。通过对处理前后纸样的外观、pH等性能测定及扫描电镜(SEM)和场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)分析,综合评估其脱酸效果。结果表明:复配脱酸液pH呈中性,对纸张伤害小;微波处理后纸张纤维之间沉积了大量纳米级或微米级的锌盐和镁盐晶体,纸张pH能提高至理想值8.06,残留碱含量达到1.92%;该脱酸液对字迹具有一定的固色功能。     

国外文献大规模脱酸问题研究——以波兰WPR大规模脱酸项目为例

古籍、档案等历史文献属于有机类材质,会随着时间的延长发生自然老化现象,去除纸张中所含的酸,是延缓纸张酸化、延长纸张寿命的重要途径和方法。以波兰的WPR大规模脱酸项目为例,介绍了几种国外文献大规模脱酸的方法,以期对我国文献去酸实用技术的研究有所借鉴。     

浅析纸张的老化因素与高校图书馆应采取的措施

分析了文献纸张的老化因素及老化机理,针对纸张老化的原因,探讨了如何做好高校图书馆馆藏纸质文献的保存工作,延缓纸张的老化。     

民国文献新善本数字化保护的实践与探讨——以黑龙江省图书馆为例

随着年代的推移与纸张的老化,民国文献的保护迫在眉睫。为此,黑龙江省对馆藏民国文献进行了甄选,制定了新善本的保护方案,确定了新善本的收藏标准,提出将民国文献数字化以解决其藏用矛盾的工作方针,并对其数字化过程及数字化形式、选择标准进行了深入的研究和探讨,提出了分阶段实现民国文献新善本全文数字化的目标。     

硅溶胶浸渍处理对毛竹光老化性能的影响

为研究硅溶胶浸渍处理对毛竹光老化性能的影响,探索利用硅溶胶改善竹材耐光老化性能的可行性,以毛竹为试验材料,采用傅里叶红外分析方法,对硅溶胶浸渍及光老化处理前后毛竹表面化学成分进行分析; 通过色差测试,研究硅溶胶浸渍处理前后毛竹加速光老化条件下的色彩稳定性; 结合扫描电镜及能谱分析,总结硅溶胶处理及光老化处理前后毛竹内部硅溶胶分布情况,并分析其对毛竹光老化性能的影响。研究结果显示:加速光老化后,毛竹在波数1 720、1 594、1 510、1 462及1 035 cm^-1等处吸收峰产生变化,说明毛竹表面的半纤维素及木质素产生了光降解; 而在浸渍硅溶胶后,光老化毛竹化学成分对应位置的吸收峰变化减少,说明硅溶胶对毛竹耐光老化性能有改善效果。色差分析结果同样显示,硅溶胶浸渍处理后毛竹的色差减小,耐光老化性能得到改善。扫描电镜及能谱分析结果显示:硅溶胶浸渍处理后,硅溶胶填充于毛竹细胞腔内,对毛竹内部化学物质起保护作用; 而老化处理后,毛竹内部硅溶胶会产生一定程度的流失。浸渍处理后硅溶胶在毛竹内部主要以物理填充方式分布于细胞腔中,起到对其内部化学物质(纤维素、半纤维素及木质素等)的保护作用,使毛竹光老化后色差减小,耐光老化性能加强。因此,利用硅溶胶改善竹材耐光老化性能具有可行性。     

基于热重法的纸张热老化特性分析及其评价模型

对纸张进行人工加速热老化,利用热重分析法(TG)对纸张热解过程进行分析,探讨了纸张在老化过程中的热失重特性.结果表明,纸张热解失重过程可分为纸张失水和纤维素热裂解失重两个阶段.TG动力学分析表明:未老化纸张的活化能最小,随着老化程度的加剧,活化能先增大后减小;随老化时间的延长和老化温度的升高,纸张的热稳定性变差,纸张热解转化率达0.5时的温度(θ0.5)逐步下降,纸张老化前后的θ0.5差值(Δθ0.5)逐步变大;纸张聚合度相对值(DP/DP0)与Δθ0.5存在指数量化关系,因此Δθ0.5可作为衡量纸张老化程度的一个参量.利用TG建立了一个快速量化评价纸张老化的模型,检验结果显示所得模型与实验数据吻合很好,模型具有较好的预测性.     

利用菱镁矿制备氢氧化镁

以菱镁矿为原料,研究常压下制备氢氧化镁的新方法.首先通过煅烧试验,得出保证菱镁矿达到充分分解且其分解产物氧化镁具有较高活性的煅烧条件是煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间9 h;提高煅烧温度到700~750℃,煅烧时间为2~4 h时,菱镁矿的分解率也达到最高值,但其氧化镁活性有所降低;其次以氧化镁粉为原料,研究常温下化学合成氢氧化镁粉剂的制备方法.结果表明对快速合成的絮状氢氧化镁沉淀物进行80℃水热老化处理30 min,可得到过滤性能较好、纯度较高、均一规则六边形薄片状氢氧化镁粉体,从而得出水热老化反应是制备较规则形貌氢氧化镁的重要方法.     

土工合成材料老化指标的研究

为了了解土工合成材料的抗紫外线老化的能力,对土工合成材料进行了户外现场模拟老化试验,得到了材料抗拉强度随老化时间变化的规律.并利用灰色系统理论对成果进行了分析与预测,确定了土工合成材料在不同工程状况下的紫外线老化折减系数的取值范围,对工程设计及施工有重要的实用价值.     

皮纸的理化性能与耐久性研究

手工皮纸至今仍然在书画创作、文物修复、日常生活等领域有着重要的实用价值.皮纸的制造工艺经历了由传统工艺向现代工艺的转变,其主要变化在于原料制浆过程中化学试剂和机械的使用.这些改变对于纸张理化性能和耐久性的影响值得注意.本文选取实地调查所得云南、贵州、陕西、河北等地6种均匀度较好的楮皮、桑皮纸,通过干热老化实验,测试纸样的抗张能量吸收、耐折度、撕裂度、色度、pH值和纤维素聚合度等指标的变化,比较其耐久性差异.结果表明,在原料本身差异不大的情况下,蒸煮、漂白工艺是影响纸张耐久性的主要因素.与采用较强化学试剂进行蒸煮漂白的现代工艺相比,采用传统多次蒸煮工艺、不经专门漂白工序的皮纸耐久性较好.造成这种差异的原因,主要是使用较强化学试剂蒸煮处理制得的纸张,其抗酸化的能力较弱,漂白剂漂白会使纸张的pH下降.上述现代工艺均使纤维素降解较为严重,从而也影响了纸张在机械强度、色度等方面的耐久性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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