纳米磁性膨润土复合材料表征及降解甲基橙研究

以纯化膨润土为原料,通过铁盐与膨润土浆液反应制备非均相纳米磁改性Fe3O4/膨润土复合材料,研究其对甲基橙的降解性能。结果表明,纳米磁性颗粒以Fe3O4附载于膨润土上形成磁性集合体,其对甲基橙废水等温吸附符合Langmuir等温吸附模型。在pH为7、温度为25℃、纳米磁性膨润土投加量为1g/L、H2O2投加量为2.5mmol/L、降解时间为120min条件下,对模拟甲基橙废水降解率达96%,CODCr去除率为94.7%,色度去除率为88.8%。     

活性炭负载壳聚糖／纳米CdS复合粒子对甲基橙的脱色作用

用模拟生物矿化法制备了活性炭负载壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合粒子,并用于可见光光催化降解甲基橙染料模拟废水,研究了初始pH值、催化剂投加量、光照情况和催化剂重复使用等因素对甲基橙光解脱色率的影响.结果表明,当pH=2.0,催化剂投加量为1.0 g/L的条件下,对初始浓度为10 mg/L的甲基橙模拟废水进行可见光辐射处理60 min后,脱色率达到97.2%.溶液的pH值对脱色率有显著影响,酸性媒介比碱性媒介更有利于甲基橙染料光解脱色.处理前后的UV-Vis谱图分析表明,活性炭负载壳聚糖/纳米CdS复合粒子可见光辐射处理甲基橙过程中溶液出现脱色,是因为染料发生氧化光降作用.催化剂重复利用5次后,处理60 min对甲基橙的脱色率仍可达84.7%.     

膨润土负载纳米铁钯去除水中酸性大红3R的研究

采用液相还原法制备天然膨润土负载纳米铁钯双金属颗粒,考察了不同材料及影响因素,如溶液温度、pH值等对水中酸性大红去除的影响.实验结果表明:负载型纳米铁钯表现出更高的活性,对高浓度的酸性大红具有良好的去除效果.在投加量为0.5 g.L-1、250 r.min-1、30℃、pH=5.81、ρ0=200mg.L-1条件下,天然膨润土负载纳米铁钯在10 min内对酸性大红的去除率达到98.48%.其降解过程较好地符合伪一级反应动力学(r≥0.983),反应活化能为75.42 kJ.mol-1.     

芒果皮绿色合成贝壳基纳米零价铁及对甲基橙的去除

为合理利用芒果皮和贝壳类废弃物资源并有效缓解水体中甲基橙的污染问题,利用废弃芒果皮和贝壳绿色合成贝壳基纳米零价铁复合材料.利用Folin-Ciocalteu法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DDPH)自由基清除能力和铁还原能力以及紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)测试结果优化材料制备工艺,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)表征材料结构,同时研究了材料对水中甲基橙的去除效果.结果表明:利用芒果皮提取液成功制备了纳米零价铁,其大多为球形和椭圆形颗粒;负载贝壳后有效地分散并稳定了纳米粒子,降低了纳米零价铁的聚集程度;当反应温度为45℃,投加量4 g/L,甲基橙初始质量浓度为800 mg/L时,贝壳基纳米零价铁对于甲基橙的去除率达到93.66%.     

有机改性膨润土的制备及甲基橙废水脱色工艺研究

以十八烷基三甲基氯化铵（1831）为改性剂,制得有机阳离子改性膨润土．研究了有机膨润土投加量、吸附时间、废水pH值及废水初始浓度对甲基橙废水脱色率的影响．实验结果表明,有机阳离子改性膨润土投加量为1．5g／L,吸附时间为60min,废水pH值为8．0,废水初始浓度为100mg／L时,有机阳离子改性膨润土对甲基橙废水的脱色率达到98．08％．     

改性TiO2的制备及其光催化性能研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同掺铁量的改性纳米Ti02光催化剂,用XRD表征了其结构特征,并以甲基橙为目标降解物,评价了改性后纳米TiO2的光催化性能。结果：掺铁质量分数为0.03％的TiO2光催化活性最高;当甲基橙的初始浓度为16mg／L、掺铁0.03％TiO2的投加量为1.2g／L、pH值为3时,40w紫外灯照射210min,甲基橙的去除率高达95％以上。     

有机改性膨润土对氧化乐果的吸附作用

以钙基膨润土为原料,经提纯钠化后用十二烷基三甲基溴化铵进行有机改性.探讨了有机膨润土对有机磷农药氧化乐果的吸附性能,考察了pH、温度、吸附时间以及有机膨润土用量对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,改性膨润土对水中氧化乐果的去除能力优于原土,对50 mL浓度为0.8 g/L的氧化乐果溶液,在pH值为7.0、温度25℃、吸附时间30 min、有机膨润土投加量10 g/L条件下,对氧化乐果的去除率可达80.6%.     

水热合成TiO2纳米棒及其光催化降解甲基橙研究

以锐钛矿TiO2粉末为原料,采用水热法合成了Ti02纳米棒,并利用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜TEM等手段对产品进行了表征.以甲基橙为模拟染料废水,TiO2纳米棒为催化剂,在紫外光照条件下考察TiO2纳米棒的投加量、甲基橙的初始浓度、光照时间、溶液pH值及重复使用次数对甲基橙光降解效率的影响。实验结果表明:TiO2纳米棒的投加质量浓度为0.2g/L,甲基橙初始浓度为10mg/L,pH为5～6;光催化反应3h后,甲基橙的降解率可达96.5%;TiO2纳米棒重复使用5次后,甲基橙的降解率仍然可达85.6%.     

铁负载膨润土对铀(VI)的吸附特性及机理研究

采用膨润土经提纯、钠化及负载铁等过程制备铁负载膨润土,通过静态吸附实验研究了pH、离子强度、吸附剂投加量、U（Ⅵ）初始浓度、阳离子Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋以及阴离子CO3^2-、HCO3^-等对铁负载膨润土吸附模拟废水中U（Ⅵ）的影响,进行了吸附过程动力学、热力学分析,并利用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电镜（SEM）探讨了相关吸附机理.试验结果表明,pH值和离子强度是影响吸附效果的重要因素,当溶液pH为6,离子强度为0.01 mol/L NaNO3,U（Ⅵ）初始浓度为19.08 mg/L,铁负载膨润土投加量为0.2 g/L,24 h吸附量达到88.06 mg/g.当pH〈6时,Ca^2＋、Mg^2＋、CO3^2-、HCO3^-的存在分别降低了铁负载膨润土对U（Ⅵ）的吸附效果,而pH〉7时影响作用不大.准二级动力学和Langmuir等温吸附模型对铁负载膨润土吸附U（Ⅵ）的拟合效果较好,SEM和FT-IR分析结果表明铁负载膨润土主要通过羟基络合及离子交换作用结合U（Ⅵ）进入其层间及表面.     

纳米TiO2对甲基橙的吸附及光催化降解

采用新型氯化法制备纳米TiO₂，研究了纳米TiO₂悬浆体系对甲基橙溶液的降解脱色情况。研究表明，自制纳米TiO₂对甲基橙具有良好的吸附性，避光暗处也能够对甲基橙得到部分降解作用。考察了避光及不同光源照射下纳米TiO₂对甲基橙的脱色情况，并在 160W汞灯照射下，对甲基橙溶液初始浓度、催化剂投加量、反应时间和反应温度对甲基橙溶液的降解脱色速率的影响情况进行了研究。结果表明，光源对甲基橙的降解脱色速率影响不大；纳米TiO₂投加量为 5.0～13.0g/L时，对100～400mg/L的甲基橙溶液可达到良好的脱色效果；常温情况下纳米TiO₂ 投加量为 13g/L时，与100mg/L的甲基橙溶液反应30min，在160W汞灯照射下甲基橙脱色率可达91.1%，避光暗处脱色率可达86.9%。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.