Impact of light intensity on flowering time and plant quality of Antirrhinum majus L. cultivar Chimes White

Shades of different light intensities (29%, 43%, 54%,60% or 68%) along with control (no shade) were studied to observe their effects on the flowering time and plant quality. A hyperbolic relationship was observed between different light intensities under shade,and time to flowering.The total number of flower buds showed a curvilinear relationship with light intensities. Growth parameters related to the plant characteristics such as plant height,leaf area and plant fresh weight were improved under shading treatments at the expense of flowering time and number of flower buds.However,both linear and polynomial models applied assumed that cultivar Chimes White was equally sensitive to light intensity throughout development.     

温度和时间对郁金香种球芽发育及切花品质的影响

对10个不同品种的郁金香种球,在变温、常温和低温条件下分别处理不同的时间,研究各品种的芽体发育和切花品质.结果表明：常温条件下各品种的芽长随处理时间的延长而增长,5℃低温处理8周或10周的芽体最长,且品种间差异显著;变温处理的盲花率最高（100%）,其次是常温处理（91%）,5℃处理的盲花率最低（7%）;常温处理切花品质差,低温处理能明显提高切花质量,但处理时间因品种而异.     

Fibrillins突变体对拟南芥开花时间影响

植物的开花受到多条途径的控制,包括春化途径、赤霉素途径、自主途径和光周期途径。以拟南芥Columbia（Col.）生态型和拟南芥Fibrillins突变体(本研究所使用突变体为fbn8和fbn1a)为研究对象,以杂交的方法获得fbn1a /fbn8双重突变体。文章对Fibrillins突变体在不同的环境下FBN1a、 FBN8对开花时间调节的可能机制进行初步探究。本研究发现,Fibrillins突变体在长日照、短日照条件下均为早花,并且fbn1a /fbn8双重突变体早花现象更为明显。说明FBN1a、FBN8有可能共同在开花途径中起到作用。通过连续对突变体开花基因的检测发现,和单突变体相比,fbn1a /fbn8双重突变体中的FT、SOC1、CO的基因表达量都大幅度增加,其中FT增加的更为明显,FLC减少也更为明显。而与野生型相比较,这种现象单突变体fbn1a又要比fbn8更为明显。最后,通过检测了植株体内H2O2含量的变化发现,与野生型比较fbn8、fbn1a和 fbn1a /fbn8体内H2O2含量升高程度为20%、30%、50%。由实验结果推测Fibrillins可能通过影响体内H2O2含量变化来参与开花时间的改变。     

Gene control of flowering time in higher plants

Flowering involves a transition process from vegetative growth to reproductive development, in which a series of routine changes take place in the shoot apical meristems from metabolic pathway to external phenotype. Expression of the genes related to flowering is the foundation for achieving the transition. Environmental factors (such as vernalization and photoperiod) and the growth status of cell itself induce the expression of the specific genes. A lot of achievements have been made recently in gene control for the determination of flowering time. The article reviews some new advances of such researches related to our work and the interesting field.     

Regulation of non-muscle myosin assembly by calmodulin-dependent light chain kinase

The presence of actin and myosin in non-muscle cells suggests that they may be involved in a wide range of cellular contractile activities. The generally accepted view is that interaction between actin and myosin in these cells and in vertebrate smooth muscle, is regulated by the level of phosphorylation of the 20,000-molecular weight (MW) light chain. In the absence of calcium, this light chain is not phosphorylated and the myosin cannot interact with actin. Calcium activates a specific calmodulin-dependent kinase which phosphorylates the light chain, initiating actin-myosin interaction. Although most studies on the role of phosphorylation have concentration on the regulation of actin-activated myosin Mg-ATPase activity, phosphorylation of the light chain also seems to control the assembly of smooth muscle myosin into filaments. Using purified smooth muscle light chain kinase, we have confirmed this observation. We report here studies of myosins isolated from the two non-muscle sources, thymus cells and platelets. We observed that these myosins are assembled into filaments at physiological ionic strength and Mg-ATP concentrations, only when the 20,000-MW light chain is phosphorylated.     

The ELF4 gene controls circadian rhythms and flowering time in Arabidopsis thaliana

Many plants use day length as an environmental cue to ensure proper timing of the switch from vegetative to reproductive growth. Day-length sensing involves an interaction between the relative length of day and night, and endogenous rhythms that are controlled by the plant circadian clock. Thus, plants with defects in circadian regulation cannot properly regulate the timing of the floral transition. Here we describe the gene EARLY FLOWERING 4 (ELF4), which is involved in photoperiod perception and circadian regulation. ELF4 promotes clock accuracy and is required for sustained rhythms in the absence of daily light/dark cycles. elf4 mutants show attenuated expression of CIRCADIAN CLOCK ASSOCIATED 1 (CCA1), a gene that is thought to function as a central oscillator component. In addition, elf4 plants transiently show output rhythms with highly variable period lengths before becoming arrhythmic. Mutations in elf4 result in early flowering in non-inductive photoperiods, which is probably caused by elevated amounts of CONSTANS (CO), a gene that promotes floral induction.     

SRD的PWM调压调速

根据开关磁阻电动机调速系统 ( SRD)的 PWM调压调速理论 ,论述了采用集成电路TL494实现 SRD的 PWM调压调速的原理。实验证明 ,该方案控制方便 ,可靠性高 ,调速范围较宽 ,简单易行 ,特别适用于小功率开关磁阻电动机的调速系统。     

微光图像实时对比度增强处理

对比度低是微光图像主要特征之一，对比度扩展是微光图像增强处理的重要技术手段。该文详细叙述了采用灰度变换方法提高对比度的基本原理，在分析不同照度下微光图像直方图分布的基础上，建立了专门的灰度变换函数，并完成了硬件电路的设计与调试，实现微光图像的实时处理。该方法可直接应用于微光电视系统，能够显著地提高微光图像质量。     

基于数理形态学的近红外光图像实时人脸检测

该新型算法首先使用基于Harr特征和Adaboost算法的人脸检测方法寻找人脸候选区域,并对候选区域进行归一化处理;然后利用人眼瞳孔在近红外光图像中会生成白色光斑的特点,使用基于数理形态学的Quoit滤波器精确定位眼睛.为了减小不同瞳孔大小带来的影响,使用了多尺度的Quoit滤波器以提高准确性.实验表明,这种方法不仅准确性高而且速度快,达到了实时人脸检测的要求.     

光波时空相干性的实验演示

阐述了利用常用的普通物理实验设备演示光波时空相干性的方法,介绍了实验设备的组成及其调试过程。     

一种提高光网络服务质量的算法

在光网络中传输业务流时,为避免因某些网络部件失效而造成的网络传输中断,使之依然保证可靠的业务流传输,一种通过部分链路采用保护路,并且支持业务量疏导的算法,可提高用户建立连接的成功率,最终提高了网络的服务质量.     

绿色建筑中导光管采光质量研究

在绿色建筑中采用导光管能提供良好的室内光环境,有利于人们的健康。鉴于以往关于导光管的研究缺乏对采光质量的分析,以两种不同内壁的长径比为2~10的导光管为例,系统地研究了导光管光谱反射率、长径比对透射光显色性和非视觉效应的影响,并与两种常见灯管对比。首先利用TracePro软件和光谱照度计分别获得导光管透射光和灯管的相对光谱,然后计算了光源的一般显色指数（Ra）,最后通过Ra数值及相对光谱功率峰值波长位置评价了导光管和灯管的显色性和非视觉效应。结果表明：绿色建筑在选择照明系统时,宜优先选择光谱反射率分布均匀的导光管,同时控制长径比保证优越的采光质量;在条件不允许安装导光管的空间,可选择人工光源替代,同时尽量避免长时间连续使用对人们健康造成损害。     

用蒙特卡罗法模拟积分球的光传输时间特性

运用蒙特卡罗法原理,用Matlab软件编程,通过随机抽样,追迹了100 000个光子,对一半径为100mm,漫反射率为0.85的积分球的光传输时间特性进行了仿真分析.结果显示:积分球对入射光脉冲具有展宽作用,当入射光为脉宽无限窄的理想脉冲时,积分球的出射光能量波形符合指数曲线规律.对模拟数据进行指数拟合,得到了各拟合系数及相关系数.在此基础上对方波函数的输出响应进行模拟,得到了分段指数曲线,进一步验证了积分球对脉冲的展宽作用.两种情况下拟合的时间常数基本一致,拟合的相关系数大于0.97.     

基于时间序列夜间灯光数据的EPC预测模型

为了利用夜间灯光数据来预测电力消耗量(EPC),采用增强植被指数(EVI)实现对美国国防气象卫星搭载的可见光成像线性扫描业务系统(DMSP/OLS)数据的校正,利用回归模型实现DMSP/OLS数据和美国国家极轨卫星搭载的可见光近红外成像辐射仪夜间灯光波段(NPP/VIIRS)数据的拟合,构建出2001-2018年的长时间序列的夜间灯光影像,并与EPC数据建立线性、二次项和乘幂回归模型,选择决定系数(R2)值相对较优、平均绝对相对误差(MARE)最小的模型为各自的最优模型.结果 表明:通过对夜间灯光影像进行校正,解决了DMSP/OLS影像数据不连续、像元饱和效应、与NPP/VIIRS影像不可比等问题;在国家尺度上,二次项模型是优选模型,校正后的夜间灯光数据与EPC的R2和MARE值分别为0.99和5.650％;在省级尺度上,基于省级单位与EPC建立的优选模型的R2值和MARE值分别为0.878和28.783％;在省级尺度上,基于时间序列建立的夜间灯光数据与EPC的R2和MARE值分别为0.972和7.286％;省级单位长时间建模精度高于基于省级单位建模的精度.     

遮阴时间对抹茶及其加工蛋糕品质的影响

研究了抹茶的不同遮阴时间对其内含成分及其加工蛋糕品质的影响.研究发现:遮阴有利于氨基酸、咖啡碱、叶绿素、蛋白质、等含氮化合物的合成,不利于茶多酚和茶多糖等含碳化合物的积累.遮阴时间越长,叶绿素含量越高,抹茶色泽越绿.抹茶蛋糕经烘焙后,绿色程度降低.遮阴时间较长的抹茶受自身色泽的影响,所烘焙出的抹茶蛋糕色泽较绿.因此,可以通过添加不同遮阴时间的抹茶来调整蛋糕的口感、风味和色泽.     

Control of flowering and storage organ formation in potato by FLOWERING LOCUS T

Seasonal fluctuations in day length regulate important aspects of plant development such as the flowering transition or, in potato (Solanum tuberosum), the formation of tubers. Day length is sensed by the leaves, which produce a mobile signal transported to the shoot apex or underground stems to induce a flowering transition or, respectively, a tuberization transition. Work in Arabidopsis, tomato and rice (Oryza sativa) identified the mobile FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) protein as a main component of the long-range 'florigen', or flowering hormone, signal. Here we show that expression of the Hd3a gene, the FT orthologue in rice, induces strict short-day potato types to tuberize in long days. Tuber induction is graft transmissible and the Hd3a-GFP protein is detected in the stolons of grafted plants, transport of the fusion protein thus correlating with tuber formation. We provide evidence showing that the potato floral and tuberization transitions are controlled by two different FT-like paralogues (StSP3D and StSP6A) that respond to independent environmental cues, and show that an autorelay mechanism involving CONSTANS modulates expression of the tuberization-control StSP6A gene.