Free amino acids inLimnaea II

Résumé De nouvelles recherches ont amené les auteurs à constater l'existence de seulement 2 ou 3 acides aminés dans les ufs de la Limnée (Gastéropode), un jour avant l'éclosion. Ces acides sont très semblables à ceux que l'on trouve chez les jeunes escargots. Dans les produits hydrolytiques des protéines de l'escargot adulte, on constate la présence de 9 acides aminés.     

Free amino acids in some tissues of marine crustacea

Summary Free amino acids contained in extracts of crustaceans were separated and determined quantitatively by ion exchange chromatography. In the hepatoprancreas of the brachyuran crustaceanCarcinus maenas, glycine, arginine, proline and alanine constituted 78.7% of the total amino acid pool. InEriphia spinifrons andMaja verrucosa, glycine, alanine, lysine and leucine comprised 54.9–66.9% of the total content. In the muscle tissue of the macruran crustaceaPalaemon, glycine, arginine, proline and alanine were the most common free amino acids and comprised 70–95% of the total content. The high concentrations of some amino acids in tissues of crustaceans may play a role in intracellular osmotic regulation and also in the maintenance of ionic hydrogen concentration.Acknowledgments. The author wishes to thank Mr R. Mari for his skillful help in the amino acid analyses and Miss G. Princivalli for typing the mansucript.     

Free amino acids in the egg fluid and embryos ofPila

Résumé Dans la capsule des ufs dePila (Gastéropode), le fluide alimentaire contient à peu près tous les acides-aminés libres qui existent aussi dans l'embryon bien développé. L'auteur a déterminé le nombre des acidesaminés libres qui se trouvent dans le corps de ces escargots après l'éclosion. Le modèle-type des acides-aminés libres reste inchangé chez les individus affamés.     

Free amino acids in motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Summary Free amino acids were estimated quantitatively in the motor cortex from 3 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 11 control subjects. Among 7 amino acids which showed statistically significant changes, taurine was the only one which was increased constantly and most markedly in the motor cortex of all the 3 ALS cases. It was suggested that the metabolism of sulfur amino acids might be affected in comparatively early stages of ALS.Acknowledgments. The authors are grateful to Dr M. Uono, Department of Neurology, Tokyo Metropolitan Hospital of Fuchu, and Dr K. Hirayama, Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, Chiba University, for their generous cooperation.     

Free amino acids in the haemolymph ofEoperipatur weldoni (onychophora)

Zusammenfassung Mit der Methodk nach Folin und Spackmann wurden die Freien Aminosäuren in der Hämolymphe vonEoperipatus weldoni festgestellt und in ihrer Gesamtkonzentration mit den Aminosären der Myriapoden und primitiven hemimetabolischen Insekten vergleichbar gefunden.

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Acknowledgments. We thank Mr.Manmohan Singh of Batu Satu, Malaysia, for the collection of animals used in this study. We are grateful to Dr.G. Krishnan for helpful crticism.     

Free amino acids in motor cortex of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Free amino acids were estimated quantitatively in the motor cortex from 3 patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and 11 control subjects. Among 7 amino acids which showed statistically significant changes, taurine was the only one which was increased constantly and most markedly in the motor cortex of all the 3 ALS cases. It was suggested that the metabolism of sulfur amino acids might be affected in comparatively early stages of ALS.     

Free amino acids of the hemolymph ofAnacridum aegyptium L. (orthoptera)

Riassunto Sono stati determinati 14 aminoacidi liberi nell'emolinfa: di cssi acido glutamico, glicina e prolina rappresentano insieme il 50% e più del contenuto totale. Le ninfe verdi contengono meno glicina e acido aspartico e più treonina e fenilalanina in confronto alle ninfe brune. Gli individui adulti mostrano in contenuto relativo di aminoacidi diverso dalle ninfe e fra i due sessi. Somministrazione di triptofano a ninfe brune non ha dato variazioni negli aminoacidi liberi, non aumento dell'aminoacido stesso, né presenza di prodotti del suo metabolismo nel sangue.     

Free amino acids in the testes ofGryllotalpa africana beauvois (Orthoptera,Gryllidae)

Zusammenfassung Zweidimensionale Chromatographie der Hoden vonG. africana ergibt das Vorkommen von elf Aminosäuren: Leucin (Isoleucin), Valin, Prolin, Tyrosin, Alanin, Glycin, Serin, Glutaminsäure und Asparaginsäure. Höchste Konzentration fand sich bei Prolin und Asparaginsäure, niedrigste bei Serin und Tyrosin.     

Free amino acids in the adult citrus brown mite,Eutetranychus orientalis (Klein)

Summary Amino acids contained in extracts of adultEutetranychus orientalis were separated and determined quantitatively by 2-dimensional paper chromatography. 14 amino acids were identified. Asparagine, ornithine, histidine, lysine, aspartic acid, serine and glycine were the major components of the free amino acid pool, comprising 83.94% of the total content.     

Free amino acids in blood serum of hedgehogs in deep hypothermia and after spontaneous arousals

Zusammenfassung Die Serumkonzentration von 21 freien Aminosäuren wurde bei Igeln im Winterschlaf, bei spontanem Erwachen während des Winterschlafs und nach dem Aufwachen im Frühling bestimmt. Mit Ausnahme von Valin, Leucin, Isoleucin und Tryptophan sinken die Aminosäuren während des Schlafes signifikant ab und steigen beim Erwachen im Winter und Frühling an.

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This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Council for Sciences.     

Progressive localization of neutral-red positive region with morphogenesis inLimnaea

Résumé Les embryons deLimnaea ont été colorés au neutral rouge suivant la méthode de Janus Verte, signalée parReverberi pour les mitochondries. A un jeune stade (Veliger), l'embryon entier est taché par neutral rouge avec une coloration intense du conduit alimentaire; à un stade plus avancé, la tache se localise dans la partie postérieure et, au stade de l'eclosion à peu près, seuls l'estomac et la région hépatique présentent la tache.     

Free amino acid pool in strains ofShigellae

Zusammenfassung Die Zusammensetzung des «Satzes» (pool) freier Aminosäuren in drei in ihrem Stoffwechsel verschiedene Arten von Shigella,Sh. flexneri 2a, Sh. flexneri 1a undSh. dysenteriae 6, die in verschiedenen Medien wuchsen, wurde untersucht. WährendMizuno et al. den Satz von Aminosäuren ausser Glutaminsäure, Asparagin und Alanin in den von ihnen untersuchten Shigellaarten für unwichtig hielten, wurde in unserer Untersuchung in dem Ansatz freier Aminosäuren der Shigellaarten eine Anzahl von anderen Aminosäuren charakteristisch gefunden. Die Zusammensetzung des «Aminosäuresatzes» war bei den verschiedenen Medien, in denen die Zellen wuchsen, unterschiedlich; doch konnten qualitative Unterschiede bei den drei Spezies, die im selben Medium wuchsen, nicht festgestellt werden.     

Antimutagenic unusual amino acids from plants

Five unusual amino acids were identified as antimutagens against spontaneous mutation of Salmonella typhimurium TA100: L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (1) from Liliaceae plants, alpha-(methylenecyclopropyl)glycine (2) from Litchi chinensis seeds, and 2-amino-4-methylhex-5-ynoic acid (3), hypoglycin A (4), and (2S,4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxyhept-6-ynoic acid (5) from Euphoria longana seeds. The absolute stereochemistry of 5 was determined by its chiral synthesis from L-allylglycine, proving that 5 is the C-4 epimer of the amino acid previously isolated from dried longan seeds.     

Antimutagenic unusual amino acids from plants

Summary Five unusual amino acids were identified as antimutagens against spontaneous mutation ofSalmonella typhimurium TA100: L-azetidine-2-carboxylic acid (1) from Liliaceae plants, -(methylenecyclopropyl)glycine (2) fromLitchi chinensis seeds, and 2-amino-4-methylhex-5-ynoic acid (3), hypoglycin A (4), and (2S, 4R)-2-amino-4-hydroxyhept-6-ynoic acid (5) fromEuphoria longana seeds. The absolute stereochemistry of5 was determined by its chiral synthesis from L-allylglycine, proving that5 is the C-4 epimer of the amino acid previously isolated from dried longan seeds.This work was partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid form the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture, Japan, No. 57740283 (to HK).     

Concerning amino acids in human saliva

Résumé Dans les travaux de divers laboratoires on peut lire que l'acide-amino-butyrique (GABA) existe dans la salive humaine. Nos récents examens chromatographiques ont mis en évidence que cet acide avait été identifié par erreur et qu'il représente en fait l'acide-amino-valérique (DAVA), un constituant de la salive provenant de l'action bacterienne.