模糊可靠性疲劳寿命的分析与计算

针对随机栽荷下构件疲劳寿命预估中的可靠性问题，在模糊累积损伤疲劳寿命计算模型的基础上，根据恒幅疲劳寿命的分布及试验参数，依可靠性理论，导出了恒幅载荷下构件的可靠度工作寿命的数学方程，从而建立了承受随机载荷的构件的模糊可靠度疲劳寿命计算模型，同时还导出了传统累积损伤计算方法下可靠度疲劳寿命计算模型。采用这两种模型，通过实测载荷谱，对构件的可靠度疲劳寿命进行了预估，并与实际安全寿命进行比较。结果表明，所建立的模糊可靠度疲劳寿命计算模型预估的安全寿命与实际安全寿命相当吻合，相对误差仅为2．12％，传统可靠度疲劳寿命计算模型的预估误差为99．27％。     

海洋石油工程中的疲劳问题

分析了海洋环境条件下疲劳寿命的随机性与模糊性因素。给出了模糊随机海浪谱及其载荷谱的制作方法，提出了模糊疲劳损伤评价及模糊疲劳可靠性的分析方法，研究了疲劳寿命的估算模式与模型，形成了应用模糊概率断裂与损伤力学解决海洋石油工程中疲劳问题的较系统的理论。此外，还探讨了就腐蚀疲劳，随机冰载荷作用下的低温疲劳等特殊问题，以及减缓与抑制金属疲劳等问题。     

基于响应面模型的结构疲劳寿命优化方法

针对基于疲劳寿命的结构优化耗时长的缺点,该文将抗疲劳设计方法和优化技术相结合,研究一种基于响应面模型的结构疲劳寿命优化方法.以飞机起落架为研究对象,采用动力学仿真获得子结构疲劳寿命分析的载荷谱.以拉丁超立方试验设计方法建立了疲劳寿命的二次响应面模型,实现了某型飞机起落架前撑杆结构疲劳寿命优化设计,使其疲劳寿命提高了5.4倍.优化结果验证了方法的有效性.     

冰区海洋平台构件的模糊疲劳可靠性分析

为便于冰区海上固定采油平台的设计和对其在服役期间的安全可靠性进行评估 ,运用模糊数学理论和疲劳寿命试验 ,提出了冰区海洋平台构件的安全疲劳寿命计算及其可靠性分析的方法。给出了冰区海浪及海冰载荷作用于平台构件上的随机疲劳应力幅的计算方法 ,分析了平台构件的疲劳累积损伤 ,提出了考虑模糊性之后对Min er法则的修正。据此 ,给出了安全疲劳寿命的估算方法 ,建立了新的模糊疲劳可靠性分析模型。按照此模型 ,给出了平台服役期间构件动态模糊疲劳可靠度的计算方法。疲劳寿命试验及计算实例表明 ,与采用常规的确定性Miner法则计算结果相比 ,按照该文方法计算得出的疲劳寿命更接近于疲劳寿命试验结果。     

冰区海洋平台构件的模糊疲劳可靠性分析

为便于冰区海上固定采油平台的设计和对其在服役期间的安全可靠性进行评估，运用模糊数学理论和疲劳寿命试验，提出了冰区海洋平台构件的安全疲劳寿命计算及其可靠性分析的方法。给出了冰区海浪及海冰载荷作用于平台构件上的随机疲劳应力幅的计算方法，分析了平台构件的疲劳累积损伤，提出了考虑模糊性之后对Miner法则的修正。据此，给出了安全疲劳寿命的估算方法，建立了新的模糊疲劳可靠性分析模型。按照此模型，给出了平台服役期间构件动态模糊疲劳可靠度的计算方法。疲劳寿命试验及计算实例表明，与采用常规的确定性Miner法则计算结果相比，按照该文方法计算得出的疲劳寿命更接近于疲劳寿命试验结果。     

疲劳损伤的模糊性研究

针对疲劳极限以下小载荷造成的疲劳损伤问题，依据模型数学理论，引入“造成损伤”这一模糊子集，定义其隶属函数，导出了隶属函数与损伤的关系，建立了模糊累积损伤计算模型以及相应的疲劳寿命计算公式，并采用2个不同的载荷谱，对构件疲劳寿命进行了预估。通过与实测寿命比较，找出了对不同载荷谱选择不同隶属函数的规律，使两种载荷谱下疲劳寿命预估的误差由原来的62．58％、61．65％分别降低到4．03％和0．53％。结果表明，用该方法预测构件的疲劳寿命比传统方法更加准确。     

基于疲劳寿命的多体结构优化方法研究

针对某型运输机前起落架,通过运用MSC工程软件,建立了一套基于疲劳寿命的多体结构优化方法。该方法首先通过多体动力学仿真,获得前起落架的工作载荷历程。然后应用有限元和疲劳分析进行联合求解,预测前起落架的疲劳寿命。而后根据预测结果,找出部件结构的最薄弱环节,并应用结构优化方法对结构细节进行优化处理,使结构薄弱环节的疲劳寿命提高,从而达到延长整个多体结构疲劳寿命的目的。     

疲劳曲线的模糊随机加权线性回归及应用

介绍了3种应力-寿命模型，在假设疲劳寿命服从对数正态分布的前提下，将模型中的各参数看作是相互关联的非独立变量。根据协同原理，即相关联的随机方程动态地处于同一概率水平，采用模糊随机加权线性回归方法对试验数据进行拟合，得到了三参数的应力-寿命模型均值和均方差曲线，从而求得在给定应力下各可靠度的疲劳寿命。讨论了当应力存在横向分布时的可靠度和疲劳寿命的计算方法。算例表明，模糊随机加权线性回归方法能够克服常规线性回归分析中由于异常点数据的存在而产生误差的缺点，并且可靠度和疲劳寿命的计算过程也较以往其他文献中的方法简单。     

矿用清障车托举机构疲劳寿命分析及结构优化

研究矿用清障车托举机构的疲劳寿命,并针对传统经验设计下的结构进行优化设计.采用多体动力学和有限元联合仿真的方法,建立整车刚柔耦合动力学模型,将仿真获得的载荷时间历程作为托举机构疲劳分析的随机载荷谱,利用S-N方法对托举机构进行疲劳寿命预测.结果显示,机构最小疲劳寿命为4.54×106次(相当于4.3年),对于需要长期运作的矿用车来说该值偏小.进而采用基于变密度法的拓扑优化方法以静态多工况刚度和动态低阶固有频率为目标对托举机构进行优化设计,获得了最优的臂架拓扑图,再对托举机构进行尺寸优化,依据优化结果完成新托举机构的设计.最后与原托举机构的强度和疲劳寿命进行比较,结果表明,优化后的托举机构强度和疲劳寿命分别改善了11.7%和521%.     

管桩预应力自动张拉机张拉部件的优化设计与疲劳寿命分析

针对现有管桩预应力张拉机的张拉部件因疲劳强度不足而引起断裂问题,设计了合抱式张拉部件,并结合实际生产工况进行了疲劳寿命分析和结构优化。以提高系统的响应速度为目标对张拉部件进行了轻量化的结构优化设计;考虑到其受到的变幅载荷是随机的,得到的疲劳寿命具有较大的离散性,且在前期优化设计中变幅载荷曲线难以准确获取,故对张拉部件进行了寿命预测和疲劳强度评估,将变幅载荷转化为峰值的恒幅载荷条件分析了其疲劳寿命。通过结合改善变截面处应力集中等方法,结果表明：重量减轻了3.5%,疲劳寿命提升了15.5%。本研究对优化设计方案的疲劳寿命预测与评估有工程实用价值,可为张拉机的设计与工程化提供参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the