长江三峡地区黄土粒度特征及其成因分析$

长江三峡地区的巫山黄土是中国黄土的重要组成部分,其来源具有重要的古气候环境意义.文章对三峡地区巫山黄土剖面先后进行野外考察、系统采样和光释光定年、粒度测试等工作,其中年代数据显示研究区黄土属于晚更新世黄土.巫山黄土的粒度组成特征与河流沉积物及同时期马兰黄土对比显示,巫山黄土与河流沉积物粒度组成明显不同,而与典型风尘黄土相似;粒度象显示巫山黄土与河流沉积物成因不同;频率累积曲线显示巫山黄土风积物特征.巫山黄土平均粒径与马兰黄土平均粒径从西北向东南逐步变细的空间分布不相符合,可能与气候及地形等因素有关.     

西安城郊表层黄土的粒度组成及其形态特征

目的 对西安地区表层黄土的粒度组成与形态特征进行分析，研究其与沙尘暴发生时沙尘颗粒的来源、起动机理与迁徙过程之间的关系。方法 采用筛分析法和密度计法，对西安城郊表层黄土土样进行了粒度组成分析，同时利用扫描电镜对颗粒的赋存形态加以考察。结果 西安城郊表层黄土属级配良好土，土壤颗粒组成主要以细沙和粗粉沙为主，沙粒尤其是粗沙粒的含量较表层以下的正常黄土偏大；土壤粒度分布曲线具有典型黄土粒度分布的双峰式特征。结论 西安地区发生的沙尘天气，与地表黄土组成有着密切的关系。     

有机质去除程度对粒度测量结果的影响及其意义

粒度分析是研究沉积物组成特征,重建古气候变化的重要手段之一.由于有机质会影响沉积物颗粒的组成状态,因此其去除程度会对粒度测试结果产生很大影响.粒度分析是风成沉积最常用的分析方法,本研究选取古土壤、弱发育古土壤、黄土、砂黄土四种有机质含量不同的沉积物样品为对象研究有机质去除程度对粒度测量结果的影响.结果显示,彻底去除有机质后的古土壤平均粒径明显增加,说明在古土壤中有机质主要以细颗粒形式存在;弱发育古土壤和黄土的平均粒径随着有机质的去除逐渐降低,说明其中的有机质以较大颗粒的形式存在并且对沉积物产生了胶结作用;而对于砂黄土,有机质的去除程度对样品粒度测量结果影响不大,因为有机质含量较少.同时文章分析了不同有机质去除方法的优缺点,并探讨了本研究的发现对于光释光测年等需要进行有机质去除的实验的应用意义.     

大连滨海七顶山黄土沉积学特点分析

通过粒度测试分析得知,大连七顶山黄土属于粗粉砂粒级.将其与庙岛群岛以及洛川黄土的颗粒组成分别对比,发现七顶山黄土比其他各地黄土的粒度要粗,粘土含量很少.本区黄土中的砂粒、粉砂、粘粒组成与中国黄土的地带性规律不相符,这进一步说明了本区黄土的物源并不是单一的,主要以近源为主这一说法.     

东海浪岗山岛屿黄土的粒度组成及风尘特征

通过对东海浪岗山岛屿黄土的系统采样和粒度测试分析，并与其他地方黄土充分对比，讨论了浪岗山第四纪风尘沉积的粒度特征.浪岗山黄土剖面粒度垂向变化不大.小于5 μm颗粒平均含量为24.9%.10~50 μm粒组富集，分布均匀，符合黄土的风成特性.但粗颗粒（>50 μm）含量均超过10%，高于西部黄土的粗颗粒含量.显示该剖面除了接受来自西北内陆的远源风尘物质外，还接受来自沉积区附近的“近源”风尘物质.     

黄土粒度组成对其渗透系数各向异性影响的试验研究

为了研究黄土粒度组成与其渗透系数各向异性之间的关系,从黏黄土、黄土和砂黄土区域纵向选择西安、延安和米脂三地黄土作为研究对象,通过颗粒分析和三轴渗透试验,并结合电镜扫描手段(SEM)得到宏-微观不同尺度下黄土的粒度组成差异和渗透系数各向异性的空间分布特征。基于试验数据的规律性,提出通过粒度分布预测黄土渗透系数的经验公式,并选择4处粒度差异显著的黄土渗透试验数据对该公式进行验证分析。研究结果表明:随地域由南向北延伸(西安—延安—米脂),黄土的细粒质量分数逐渐减少,粗粒质量分数逐渐增多,粒度分布曲线由"双峰"向"单峰"过渡。黄土中竖向尺度较大的缝隙状狭长孔隙与支架孔隙是能够发育成次生管状大孔隙的微观结构基础,不同评价尺度下的孔隙特征与三地黄土竖直向渗透系数大于水平向渗透系数时的试验结果相吻合,且黏粒质量分数越多,其渗透系数越小,纵横向渗透差异越明显。本文提出的黄土渗透系数预测公式具有普适性,可供工程实际参考。     

关中东部渭河右岸晚更新世以来黄土的粒度特征与物源分析

为了探究关中东部渭河右岸晚更新世以来黄土在粒度、厚度、湿陷性等方面与渭北及关中其它地区存在显著差异的原因,在研究区从东向西选择2条近南北向断面共6个黄土剖面,对黄土地层进行野外实际观察,并采集样品380件进行室内粒度分析。研究结果显示从东向西、由北向南,黄土地层厚度逐渐变小,黄土粒度组成上砂粒含量减少,粘粒含量增加。说明区域黄土是由近源粉砂（东偏北风搬运）与远源粉尘（西北风搬运）共同堆积的产物。     

咸阳市区晚更新世黄土微结构特征及其环境意义

目的揭示咸阳市区晚更新世黄土的微结构特征,探讨黄土微结构特征与其形成环境的关系,为区域环境提供科学依据。方法应用粒度分析和扫描电子显微镜对咸阳市区晚更新世黄土．古土壤系列的微结构进行分析研究。结果粒度小于0．005 mm的黏粒级含量在黄土与古土壤中差异最大,S1古土壤高达39．7％,而L1黄土仅24％;S1古土壤黏粒中大量铁质黏粒胶膜呈流胶状出现并有次生伊利石的产出,结构密实;L1黄土微骨架颗粒相互支架,黏粒胶结物含量较少,胶结程度差,土质疏松。结论咸阳市区晚更新世S1古土壤形成在湿热的森林环境,L1黄土形成于干冷的草原环境,S0黑垆土形成于凉湿气候环境。     

震后击实黄土和原状黄土的液化试验研究

在饱和黄土动三轴试验的基础上,结合黄土微观结构特征研究和粒度组成分析,讨论了等效循环荷载作用下震后击实黄土和原状黄土的孔压比一应变关系,并从微观结构特征参数和粒度组成方面阐述了黄土孔压发展规律差异的原因．试验结果表明：击实黄土在液化过程中孔压发展较原状黄土慢,主要原因在于原状黄土大中孔隙较击实黄土含量多;震后黄土的粘粒含量较震前均有一定程度的增加,粉粒相应减少,砂粒变化较小,液化应力比随着粘粒含量的增加而增大,抗液化能力降低．     

低能级强夯前后路基黄土湿陷性研究

为了研究低能级强夯处治湿陷性黄土路基的有效性和经济性,采用土工试验、粒度分析仪和扫描电镜,对比分析了压实前后黄土的物理力学参数、粒度组成、胶结类型和微结构.研究结果表明:土体物理力学性质随能级的增大变化明显,粘粒含量增加较多,胶结类型由胶结、微胶结转变成半胶结类型;微结构由絮凝状、支架大孔以及镶嵌结构转变为镶嵌结构与叠置结构;低能级强夯的有效影响深度为2.0～2.5 m,2 m深度内黄土湿陷性基本消除.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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