Low doses of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid are behaviorally teratogenic to rats

Pre-natal exposure of rats to 2,4,5-T has long-term effects on behavior. A test for novelty responding detects abnormalities after exposure to a single dose as low as 6 mg/kg on day 8 of gestation. This is well below doses reported to be morphologically teratogenic, and raises concern for human exposure.     

Low doses of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid are behaviorally teratogenic to rats

Summary Pre-natal exposure of rats to 2,4,5-T has long-term effects on behavior. A test for novelty responding detects abnormalities after exposure to a single dose as low as 6 mg/kg on day 8 of gestation. This is well below doses reported to be morphologically teratogenic, and raises concern for human exposure.     

Pralidoxime prevents certain teratogenic effects induced by bidrin in quail embryos]

Bidrin treatment of quail embryos results in axial anomalies as well as malformations of the beak and the limbs. Whereas the administration of pralidoxime to teratogen-treated embryos prevents the appearance of the axial anomalies, the morphogenesis of the beak and limbs remains profoundly altered.     

Effect of 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxy acetic acid on hatchability ofThrips tabaci lind eggs

Résumé On a recherché l'effet à divers degrés de concentration de l'acide acétique 2,4,5-trichlorophénoxique soluble dans l'éthanol sur des ufs deThrips tabaci agés de 24 h. La concentration de 0,9 ppm de cette hormone végétale a approximativement doublé le pourcentage des éclosions.     

The toxic effects of certain mutagenic substances on three species of acridids

Summary The toxicities of 4 alkylating agents (EMS, MMS, DES and MNU) were compared using 5th instar males ofLocusta migratoria cinerascens. The substances in order of (decreasing) toxicity were: MMS, MNU, DES and EMS. Treatment of different species, strains, stages and sexes revealed that the toxicity of EMS is not invariant with respect to these factors. Acridids compared to most insects are extremely radiosensitive; this study shows that they are mutagen-sensitive also.     

Studies on the toxic effects of mouse submaxillary gland extracts

Riassunto È stata studiata l'azione tossica di estratti di ghiandola sottomascellare di topo. La tossicità dell'estratto totale appare la risultante di varie componenti alcune delle quali di natura proteica. Mediante gel-filtrazione, è stata isolata e parzialmente purificata una frazione che a dosi subletali provoca una marcata atrofia del timo in topolini neonati ed adulti.     

Detection of DDT in quail eggs: quantitative analysis]

Significant residues of DDT have been found in the albumin and vitellus of Quail eggs, after external treatment of the shell with an aqueous suspension of commercial DDT. The rate of pesticide crossing varies according to the shell porosity and thickness. Residues of DDT have also been found in the control eggs and in the Quail industrial food.     

The cloacal gland complex of the Japanese quail

Résumé Chez les cailles japonaises, le complexe glandulaire du cloaque est en fait localisé dans la lèvre dorsale du cloaque et non de l'anus. Il existe un complexe glandulaire similaire et très petit du côté ventral. La glande active se colore intensément avec le réactif périodique «acide Schiff», avec la fuchsine aldéhyde, avec le bleu d'alciane et métachromatiquement avec le bleu de toluidine. Ceci indique la présence d'une sécrétion de glycomucoprotéines. Le liquide transparent sécrété est transformé en masse blanche mousseuse au contact des bactériesE. coli etProteus mirabilis, présentes en quantités équivalentes dans le proctodeum. Les gaz émis consistent probablement en H₂ et CO₂, ce dernier peut agir comme tampon et stabiliser le pH de la sécrétion autour de la valeur 6,5.

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This work was supported by U.S.P.H.S. grant No. ES 00054, Support for Toxicology Center, and by NASA research grant No. NGR 05-004-028.     

Effect of DDT on the gonadal germ cell population of 5 successive generations of quail embryos]

The gonadic germ deficit induced by DDT in Quail embryos issued from eggs only treated at the first generation, partially decreases at the second generation and completely at the third. When the DDT treatment is repeated for each generation, the reduced effect slightly increases.     

The effects on thermoregulation of intracerebroventricular injections of L-aspartic acid in the sheep

Summary L-Aspartic acid was injected into a lateral cerebral ventricle of the sheep at ambient temperatures between 0° and 40°C. Doses of 100 or 500 nmoles·kg^–1 caused a rise in heat production and/or a decrease in heat loss; rectal temperature rose. Atropine sulphate attenuated or prevented these effects.     

Role of the infundibular complex and its neural afferents in the photosexual reflex in the quail]

The photosexual reflex was suppressed in quail after bilateral preoptic lesions. However an anterior-lateral de-afferentation of the hypothalamus of previously preoptic-lesioned quail resulted in partial photo-induced testis growth. As a working hypothesis, it is suggested that the preoptic area may control some unknown extrahypothalamic influences in order to modulate the gonadotropin controlling function of the infundibular area.     

The effects of acetylation on the binding region of cartilage proteoglycans to hyaluronic acid

Summary Proteoglycans in cartilage are found as aggregates and as monomers. Evidence has been obtained indicating that hyaluronic acid, normally present in this tissue, binds together monomers into large molecular weight aggregates. In this investigation, the interacting region of the protein backbone has been studied. The results unequivocally demonstrated that the epsilon amino groups of lysine are involved in hyaluronic acid binding to proteoglycans and that their blocking by acetylation either prevents reaggregation or disaggregates the high mol. w aggregates.Supported by a grant from the Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy, and U. S. P. H. S., grants DE-02670 and HL 11310.     

A sex difference in some toxic effects of lithium-carbonate

Riassunto Abbiamo notato una netta diversità di risposta tra ratti maschi e femmine durante il trattamento cronico con 15 mg/100 g di peso corporeo di carbonato di Litio, somministrato per sonda gastrica. La tossicità era molto più spiccata nei maschi che nelle femmine. Nei maschi la mortalità cessava con l'interruzione della somministrazione e riprendeva con il trattamento. L'azotemia determinata dopo 15 giorni di trattamento nei due gruppi, testimoniava pure valori significativamente più elevati negli animali maschi.