优良益生菌高效筛选与应用关键技术2014年度报告

益生菌是指一类足量摄入后能对宿主健康水平产生有益影响的活微生物,具有优良的生理功能,已成为国际食品生物工程领域的研究热点。益生菌相关产品已成为国内外食品工业中一个飞速增长的领域,具有广阔的市场前景和社会价值。益生菌及其相关产业发展的两大核心是专利菌种和应用关键技术,在这两方面我们受制于国外技术与产品。该研究针对我国益生菌产业发展中存在的亟待解决的关键性技术问题,通过益生菌筛选模型的构建与研究以及益生菌产业化关键技术的研究,开发具有特定功能性质的新型益生菌菌株,并对其功能进行基因定位;在产业化应用方面,着力研究益生菌的发酵培养、活性保持等关键技术,为益生菌的产业化应用提供关键技术支持。     

口腔益生菌的研究现状

口腔是一个复杂而完整的微生态系统。生活方式、外源性致病菌等外源因子可扰乱口腔微生物组与其宿主之间的共生关系引发龋齿、牙周炎、牙龈炎、口臭等口腔疾病。益生菌是一类活的并对人类机体局部或全身性健康都具有有益作用的微生物。传统上,益生菌被广泛用于功能性食品、医药保健、饲料等各个领域,最常见的用途是治疗或预防胃肠道感染和疾病,改善肠道健康。近十年,各种研究表明益生菌可通过抑制致病菌生长,改善口腔微生物菌群,调节口腔免疫力等方式对各种口腔疾病产生积极的防治效果。作为一种新兴的机体健康维护概念,维护口腔健康的益生菌及其作用机制日益受到国内外学者的密切关注,综述了口腔益生菌在常见口腔疾病中的潜在作用机制,阐述了利用口腔益生菌在防治口腔疾病时所面临的重要问题,同时在口腔益生菌未来的发展趋势和开发方向等方面剖析如何更好地利用口腔益生菌驱动健康食品产业发展,以期为口腔益生菌的深入研究及其在食品工业中的开发应用提供相应参考。     

益生菌防治消化系统疾病的应用研究进展

益生菌是一类有益于人体健康的肠道微生物,它们在数量和种类上可以弥补肠道正常菌群的不足,起到调节或维持肠道微生态平衡的作用.近年来的临床应用研究表明,益生菌在治疗消化系统疾病方面具有不同程度的疗效,其安全性和有效性在一定程度上也得到临床验证.着重就某些益生菌在防治胰腺炎、黄疸病、肝硬化、胃部疾病、肠道炎症与腹泻等方面的临床应用研究进展进行综述.     

动物微生态制剂研究应用进展

动物微生态制剂是在动物微生态理论指导下,采用已知且有益的微生物制成的生物制品或活茵制剂．综述了动物微生态制剂的产生起源、益生菌和微生态制剂的概念、微生态制剂所用菌株、作用机理、国内外应用现状及发展前景．     

基于益生菌及其代谢物的食源性致病微生物控制技术研究进展

食源性致病微生物不仅会引起食品腐败,造成经济损失,也给人类健康带来很大威胁,因此亟需开发高效、安全、不影响食品品质的食源性致病微生物控制技术。益生菌是近年微生物和食品科研领域研究热点,益生菌除具有调节和改善健康功能,其本身及代谢物对微生物较强的清除和抑制作用,使其可应用于对食源性致病微生物的控制。明悉益生菌及其代谢物类型、潜在的抑制微生物机制以及应用现状对相关控制技术的研发至关重要。分析了现有益生菌及其代谢物对食源性致病微生物的抑制机制,主要为破坏细胞结构、影响遗传物质复制、阻断能量代谢途径、干扰群体感应系统、控制生物被膜形成、竞争关键性营养物质等方面的单机制或多机制联合作用;同时基于目前益生菌及其代谢物在食品安全和品质控制中的应用研究实例,探讨了其在果蔬、肉类等食品中的应用方式、应用条件,对货架期的延长效果等;分析了益生菌及其代谢物在抗菌效能提高、活性包装、与其他食品品质控制技术联用等方面研究的发展趋势。研究结果旨在为基于益生菌及其代谢物的食品安全和品质控制技术的开发和应用提供借鉴和参考。     

服用抗生素会破坏肠道菌群平衡,能否培养具有耐药性的肠道益生菌?

正A:一定数量的、能够对人体健康产生有益作用的活微生物被称为益生菌。肠道是人体最大的微生态环境,正常的肠道菌群包含的微生物的种类超过400种。我们常说的肠道益生菌包括双歧杆菌、     

鼠李糖乳杆菌肠溶性微胶囊的制备研究

益生菌在储存过程中对环境因素(热,氧和湿度)高度敏感,加之胃肠液的破坏作用,导致益生菌到达肠道后活菌数大大降低而不能很好地发挥益生效果.鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株L427(Lacto bacillusrhamnosusL427)是由本实验室分离保存的益生菌菌株,为提高鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株L427到达肠道后的存活率,采用微胶囊技术对鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株L427进行微囊化.以海藻酸钠和刺云实胶为壁材,采用挤压法制备鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株L427微胶囊,以活菌数和包埋产率为评价指标,探究其最佳制备工艺.结果表明:通过单因素正交试验确定了鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株L427微囊化最佳工艺条件为海藻酸钠浓度2.0%,刺云实胶浓度0.5%,氯化钙浓度0.3mol/L,菌液-壁材体积比1:6;在此条件下进行验证试验,所得鼠李糖乳杆菌菌株L427微胶囊的活菌数达4×108 CFU/g,包埋产率为94.51%.经模拟胃液处理1.0h后存活率为54%,在模拟肠液中处理1.5h后释放菌体完全,为7.64log(CFU/g),表明该微胶囊具有良好的胃酸环境耐受性和肠溶性.为该菌剂的工业化生产奠定理论基础.     

益生菌及其制品研究和应用开发的最新进展

益生菌是一类能够促进宿主肠内微生物菌群生态平衡、对宿主健康产生有益作用的活性微生物.本文就益生菌概念的由来、国内外对益生菌的开发研究进展、益生菌制品的应用现状及其产品的管理进行了综述,并预测了我国在益生菌领域未来研究和产品开发方向,以其对益生菌行业提供一些参考和启示.     

烤烟叶面微生物5种水解酶的产生、温度稳定性及其在烟叶人工陈化中的应用

研究了烤烟叶面微生物菌株5种水解酶（β 淀粉酶、糖化酶、纤维素酶、果胶酶和蛋白酶）的诱导产生及其温度稳定性,结果发现培养基中分别添加0.2%的5种水解酶相应的诱导物,对所研究的烤烟叶面微生物菌株5种水解酶的产生均具有诱导作用.5种水解酶在60?℃时均不稳定,易失活;50?℃时,除果胶酶外,其他4种水解酶的温度稳定性较好.在对5种水解酶60?℃保温2?h过程中所取的样品测定酶活时发现,60?℃反应所得的酶活都高于各自酶活测定常规方法中所用温度反应所得的酶活.用烤烟叶面微生物及其产生的5种水解酶组合成6种不同配方,对2个品种的烤烟进行了为期6个月的人工陈化试验,结果是人工陈化2个月后试验样品评吸总分普遍高于对照样品.本研究为进行烤烟人工陈化以缩短烤烟自然陈化周期、改善烟叶内在品质奠定了基础.     

柑橘溃疡病生防微生物研究进展

柑橘溃疡病是柑橘生产中重要的病害之一,对全球柑橘产业发展具有巨大破坏作用。微生物防治在柑橘溃疡病害防治中具有独特的优势,不仅可以减轻病害发生,且对环境安全、无污染。本文通过对近20年来有关微生物防治柑橘溃疡病的研究报道进行分析,发现柑橘溃疡病的微生物防治目前仍主要集中在生防菌的室内筛选与鉴定,其中以细菌中芽孢杆菌类单菌防效研究较多,施用方式主要以活菌株或菌剂为主,具体机制的研究还比较缺乏,抑菌活性物质分离鉴定也鲜有报道。生防真菌和噬菌体的开发具有较大潜力。柑橘溃疡病生防菌的资源开发、作用机制以及田间应用均有待深入研究。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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Brief Introduction to “Journal of Jilin University( Science Edition) ”

<正>"Journal of Jilin University(Science Edition)"is a comprehensive academic journal in the fields of science sponsored by Jilin University and administrated by the Ministry of Education of the Peoples Republic of China.The journal started publication in 1955.The original name at starting publication was"Journal of Natural Science of Northeast People University",which was changed into"Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Jilinensis"in 1958 owing to the name change of the university.The present journal name has