鲜枣中糖精的快速、无标签检测

糖精是食品工业中最古老的人造甜味剂之一,因为没有卡路里而被广泛使用,但其滥用是非法的,食品中最大允许添加量为8.189×10^-4mol·L^-1.介绍了以六磷酸肌醇（IP₆）为保护剂合成的银（Ag）纳米粒子（Ag NPs）,即Ag NPs@IP₆,并提出了一种基于表面增强拉曼散射（SERS）的快速方法.探讨了食品中糖精的测定,用最佳SERS法测定水中糖精的最低可检测浓度可达50 nmol·L^-1,符合食品添加剂耐受性水平的国家食品安全标准.提出了基于便携式拉曼的AgNPs@IP₆的SERS方法,可用于现场检测食品中的糖精,如新鲜枣果.     

Structural mechanism of plant aquaporin gating

Plants counteract fluctuations in water supply by regulating all aquaporins in the cell plasma membrane. Channel closure results either from the dephosphorylation of two conserved serine residues under conditions of drought stress, or from the protonation of a conserved histidine residue following a drop in cytoplasmic pH due to anoxia during flooding. Here we report the X-ray structure of the spinach plasma membrane aquaporin SoPIP2;1 in its closed conformation at 2.1 A resolution and in its open conformation at 3.9 A resolution, and molecular dynamics simulations of the initial events governing gating. In the closed conformation loop D caps the channel from the cytoplasm and thereby occludes the pore. In the open conformation loop D is displaced up to 16 A and this movement opens a hydrophobic gate blocking the channel entrance from the cytoplasm. These results reveal a molecular gating mechanism which appears conserved throughout all plant plasma membrane aquaporins.     

Rapid gating and anion permeability of an intracellular aquaporin

Aquaporin (AQP) water-channel proteins are freely permeated by water but not by ions or charged solutes. Although mammalian aquaporins were believed to be located in plasma membranes, rat AQP6 is restricted to intracellular vesicles in renal epithelia. Here we show that AQP6 is functionally distinct from other known aquaporins. When expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes, AQP6 exhibits low basal water permeability; however, when treated with the known water channel inhibitor, Hg2+, the water permeability of AQP6 oocytes rapidly rises up to tenfold and is accompanied by ion conductance. AQP6 colocalizes with H+-ATPase in intracellular vesicles of acid-secreting alpha-intercalated cells in renal collecting duct. At pH less than 5.5, anion conductance is rapidly and reversibly activated in AQP6 oocytes. Site-directed mutation of lysine to glutamate at position 72 in the cytoplasmic mouth of the pore changes the cation/anion selectivity, but leaves low pH activation intact. Our results demonstrate unusual biophysical properties of an aquaporin, and indicate that anion-channel function may now be explored in a protein with known structure.     

Simple and effective detection method for gene expression product of transgenic plant

It is a crucial problem in gene engineering whether an exogenous gene could be correctly expressed in cells of transgenic animal or plant, and how the expression products could be detected quantitatively in translational level. It is very difficult to analyze some gene expression products, such as isopentenyl transferase (ipt), in transgenic investigation because they are trace in organisms. A convenient method is described to determine trace content gene expression product which is hard to purify. The method includes predicting and synthesizing the antigenic peptide according to the cDNA sequence, coupling the synthetic antigenic peptide with carrier protein, raising specific antibodies against the synthetic antigen, and detecting the gene expression product by ELISA and Western blot.     

AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field transistor for label-free detection of DNA hybridization

This paper demonstrates electrical detection of single strand deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) conjugation by AlGaN/GaN hetero-structure field effect transistor (HFET) biological sensors. The probe ssDNA molecules are modified by thiol groups. The immobilization of probe molecules is achieved by S-Au bonding on a thin layer of gold film in the sensing area. The immobilization and hybridization process are firstly implemented on Si surfaces and checked by fluorescent and atomic force microscopy (AFM) imaging. The hybridization process is monitored on AlGaN/GaN HFETs. Time-dependent current change is observed when a matched ssDNA solution is applied, while no response is observed for a mismatched ssDNA sequence. The DNA hybridization process is dominated by the conjugation between matched ssDNA sequences in the first few tens of seconds. After that, the hybridization process is dominated by mass transfer processes and saturation of the immobilized probe ssDNA molecules.     

航道船舶目标检测及流量统计算法

水运交通的发展和桥梁的增多,导致船船相撞及船桥相撞事故的增多,为保证航道交通的安全畅行,避免事故的发生,使用基于多传感器的航道船舶检测及流量统计可以在一定程度上有效地进行早期预警。因此针对不同传感器所拍摄的场景,本文提出了不同的船舶流量统计算法,为进一步预警相撞事故及航道规划提供数据参考。经实验结果分析,验证了算法的准确性,并可运用于实时场景分析。     

天山云杉种群数量动态研究

选择了15个设在天山地区25m×25m的样地,通过样地调查和数据统计,研究了天山云杉(Picea schrenkiana)种群的年龄结构、静态生命表,运用时间序列预测模型分析了种群数量动态。种群年龄结构分析表明,种群的年龄结构呈倒J 型分布,个体数量主要集中在Ⅰ、Ⅱ龄级(个体数量比例占8270％),幼龄个体数量较多,中、老龄个体数量较少。种群生命表、亏损率曲线、存活曲线、死亡率曲线、生存函数曲线的分析表明：天山云杉有1个死亡高峰,出现在Ⅱ龄级的年龄阶段;存活曲线基本介于DeeveyⅡ和DeeveyⅢ型之间;引入生命表的几个函数能较好地说明种群的动态和结构变化。时间序列分析表明：在未来20、40、60、80、100、120和140年中,天山云杉种群幼龄级个体数量相对丰富,种群稳定。     

约量表达的"主观性"问题

随着功能语言学、语用学、认知语法的兴起,语言的"主观性"问题重新引起人们的关注,成为近年来语言学界的一个热门话题."主观性"是自然语言的一种特性,指说话人在说出一段话的同时表明自己对这段话的立场、态度和感情,从而在话语中留下自我的印记.约量副词作为一种主观性的完句成分加入句子中,从而使原本表示客观的句子变得主观.     

约量表达的“主观性”问题

随着功能语言学、语用学、认知语法的兴起,语言的＂主观性＂问题重新引起人们的关注,成为近年来语言学界的一个热门话题。＂主观性＂是自然语言的一种特性,指说话人在说出一段话的同时表明自己对这段话的立场、态度和感情,从而在话语中留下自我的印记。约量副词作为一种主观性的完句成分加入句子中,从而使原本表示客观的句子变得主观。