油气井地面管道防蚀的新方法

基于多相流基础理论，采用原型观测与室内实验相结合的方法，研究了油气井生产及测试管道中多相流的流动过程。由于油嘴上游流体流速明显低于油嘴下游，提出了在油嘴上游对管道进行除砂防蚀的新思路。依据扩径沉砂、主流防砂、引流推砂及稳定收砂的分离防蚀原则，设计了水平环空筛管分离装置——捕砂器。使用结果表明，该装置具有很高的除砂率，防砂效果优于单纯地改进管道及附件材料的方法。     

原油除砂效果试验研究

介绍了原油除砂用旋流器的工作原理和实验装置流程，给出了部分实验结果．旅流器底流口直径和入口流量均为最佳值，不确定最佳值会降低其分离效率．悬浮液固相浓度、悬浮液粘度与旋流器除砂效率成反比，为获得更高的固液分离效率．应尽量降低悬浮液的粘度．     

含CO2多相流相态的非均匀性对输油管冲刷腐蚀的影响

以研究含CO2多相流相态的非均匀性对输油管冲刷腐蚀的影响为目的,利用多相流环路实验装置进行冲刷腐蚀试验,并借助高速数字摄像系统观测多相流相态,考查石油多相混输管中的冲刷腐蚀与多相流的相态结构相关性.对水平管弹状流下的CO2腐蚀试验研究表明,水平管的底部较之于顶部有更为显著的冲刷腐蚀,这种冲刷腐蚀在管道上、下不同部位的差异性源于弹状流相态的非均匀分布.提出了含CO2多相流冲刷腐蚀的水动力学模型,模型计算结果表明,弹状流流型下水平管下部的冲刷腐蚀速率高于上部的冲刷腐蚀速率.水平管弹状流条件下腐蚀产物膜的磨损程度随流体速度的增大而增大.计算结果与试验观测相符,均表明多相流相态的非均匀性使管道下部更易遭受腐蚀损坏.     

油罐自动清砂工艺装置设计与应用研究

油井出砂不仅导致了沉降罐等设施的效率下降和使用寿命的缩短,影响油田的正常生产;而且由于泥砂含油,直接外排造成环境污染和能源浪费.为了减小以上弊端,通过对多种清砂方法的分析比较,确定了大罐沉降和旋流除砂二级流程的新方案,成功设计了一套油罐自动清砂工艺装置.该装置由油罐清砂装置、密闭清砂道和旋流洗砂装置组成.对该装置的工艺流程、原理、设计依据进行了较为详细的介绍.现场应用表明该装置运行平稳,清砂效果非常显著,取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益.     

基于双流体模型的人工煤气管道腐蚀预测

人工煤气管网中广泛存在的多相流动腐蚀是造成人工煤气管道减薄的主要原因。针对现有检测技术难以检测输送复杂介质管道的剩余壁厚的问题,以昆明市燃气管网为例,基于双流体模型进行人工煤气管网的多相流动分析,采用实验与理论研究相结合的方法,确定了人工煤气管道的腐蚀特征,计算得到管道的腐蚀情况,结果表明：管道腐蚀程度主要与持液率和CO₂分压相关;采用多相流动仿真模型平均腐蚀速率为0.054 3 mm/a,全动态多相流模拟的腐蚀预测结果存在明显误差;建立的人工煤气管网腐蚀速率预测模型误差平均值为8.9%,优于全动态多相流模拟多相流腐蚀预测结果。     

深水浅层气井防砂筛管类型优选与精度优化实验研究

深水储层胶结疏松,地层欠压实,开采过程极易出砂,需采取防砂完井措施。防砂方案优化需根据储层地质特征优选防砂筛管和优化挡砂精度。利用径向流挡砂驱替实验装置,模拟目标井生产制度对整体焊接精密筛管、双层预充填筛管、过滤型冲缝筛管以及防砂烧结筛管进行综合性能评价实验。实验结果推荐整体焊接精密筛管、过滤型冲缝筛管依次为目标井优选筛管类型,推荐40μm筛管标称精度为该井最优挡砂精度。     

疏松砂岩油藏出砂状况模拟技术研究

在系统研究影响油藏出砂因素的基础上,采用人工神经网络BP模型,首先从理论上研究了引起地层砂粒运移的最低地层流体流速———门限流速预测方法,并建立了实际日产量较大时的地层最大出砂半径计算模型;然后,结合岩石力学、渗流力学等知识,建立了引起岩石结构破坏的临界井底流压的计算模型,并推导了当实际井底流压小于临界井底流压,因岩石结构破坏而引起大量出砂时,出砂半径的计算公式,同时,给出了防砂工艺设计中抑砂剂用量和固体防砂剂用量的计算式,避免了防砂剂量设计的盲目性。现场应用表明,建立的计算模型可明显提高防砂措施的成功率和有效期。     

渤海地区简易防砂综合优选方法研究与应用

常规的防砂方式选择方法主要考虑地层砂的粒度、不均匀系数和泥质含量,对于其他因素考虑欠缺,而且多靠经验判断。调研了渤海地区简易防砂方法及防砂效果,通过对渤海地区典型油田数百口防砂井的地层参数及防砂方法进行统计分析,完善了影响简易防砂方式选择的影响因素,综合多个影响参数建立了简易防砂方法优选评价模型,得到了针对不同地层、流体参数及井型的简易防砂方法的综合评价指标。结合各油田简易防砂的防砂效果,得到综合评价指标的临界值,为渤海地区各油田防砂方法的选择提供参考。     

油气储运理论与技术进展

经过60年的发展,中国石油大学油气储运工程学科形成了油气长距离管道输送、多相管流与油气集输、油气储运设施安全与施工等特色鲜明的优势研究方向。近10多年来,伴随着中国油气储运行业的空前大发展以及随之而来的一系列技术挑战,本学科在这些研究领域开展了较系统深入的研究,在易凝高黏原油流变性与管道输送、天然气及成品油管道输送、油气水多相流动、油气水分离、多相混输系统流动保障、流动减阻机制、油气管道与集输系统节能、管道强度设计与安全评价、油气储运设施完整性管理、油气管道与地下储库施工等方面取得了一大批重要成果。较系统地总结了这些成果。总结本学科60年发展的经验,面向本领域重大工程技术问题,持之以恒地开展系统且深入的基础研究,仍是学科今后发展必须坚持的基本战略方针。     

春光油田白垩系储层机械防砂筛管性能评价与优选实验

机械筛管是防砂井井下防砂管柱的关键组成部分,其类型和性能决定了挡砂效果和油井防砂后产能以及总体服务期限。春光油田白垩系储层为疏松砂岩易出砂储层,为了选择合适的机械防砂筛管类型,使用自行研制开发的挡砂介质性能评价径向流驱替实验装置,模拟春光油田地层砂和生产条件,对割缝筛管、复合精密筛管、绕丝筛管、金属棉滤砂管等四种类型的筛管样品进行了性能评价实验。根据动态实验数据,研究提出了筛管的流通性能、挡砂性能及其评价指标的计算方法,系统地评价了四种筛管的流通性能、挡砂性能并得到了具体的量化评价指标。实验综合对比表明,对于春光油田白垩系储层,割缝筛管的挡砂性能和流通性能均较低;金属棉滤砂管的挡砂性能最好但堵塞后的流通性能较差;绕丝筛管的两项指标均衡但总体偏低;复合精密筛管的两项指标相对均衡并均比较高,推荐作为春光白垩系储层首选的机械防砂筛管类型。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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