基于Haar小波提升的2.4kbit/s CWI语音编码算法

提出一种基于Haar小波提升的2.4 kbit/s特征波形内插(CWI)语音编码算法.将特征波离散时间傅里叶级数(DTFS)得到的幅度谱转化为离散余弦变换(DCT)系数,用Haar小波提升实现特征波的多级分解与重建.利用相位谱间距的均值和基音周期增益联合判断浊音度标志,用于进行相位选择和离散余弦变换系数的选择性量化.主观A-B听音实验表明,该语音编码算法音质优于传统的3.8 kbit/s CWI编码器,在较低码率上获得较为满意的合成音质,且Haar小波提升特征波形分解与重建方法解决了传统小波变换CWI算法延时较大的问题.     

基于小波包分解和支持向量机的虹膜识别方法

考虑到虹膜识别的非线性和小样本的特点,以及小波包分解具有的分析高频特征信息的优势,提出了一种基于小波包分解和支持向量机的虹膜识别方法.首先对虹膜图像实行分窗小波包分解,再对各窗口的子带图像做筛选处理;然后通过奇异值分解对筛选后的各子带图像做进一步的特征提取和压缩,得到虹膜识别特征;最后利用支持向量机对虹膜特征进行模式匹配.实验结果表明了该算法的有效性.     

基于非规范二维Haar小波变换WSN数据管理

提出基于非规范二维Haar小波变换的无线传感器网络管理结构,以减少传感器节点间的数据传输量.利用小波变换将数据在不同尺度上分解生成小波系数以进行传输,对小波系数进行重构可还原原始数据.基于非规范二维Haar小波分解算法实现了数据汇聚,基于非规范二维Haar小波逆变换算法实现了数据重构.使用MATLAB仿真表明,基于非规范二维小波变换的数据管理结构能够在保持数据原有特征的同时,大大减少网络的数据传输量.     

一种新的基于多小波变换的虹膜识别算法

提出一种基于多小波变换的新的虹膜识别算法. 利用CL多小波优良的数学性质, 虹膜纹理特征能够被准确完整地表达. 将分解后子带作为特征编码, 利用空间向量的方向夹角余弦作为匹配方法, 有效克服了缩放、 平移、 光照等影响, 达到了较好的识别效果.     

基于相对熵和复小波变换的纹理图像检索

为了进一步提高纹理图像的检索性能,提出了一种基于复小波理论的特征提取算法,该算法根据复小波分解的特点,从小波系数角度出发,以每个高频子带复小波系数的实部和虚部系数直方图分布特性作为纹理特征,利用最大似然估计规则将特征提取和相似计算结合起来,以相对熵为依据进行相似计算。与单小波方法比较,该算法具有时移不变性、方向性信息多等特点。理论分析和在纹理图像检索的对比实验数据说明了复小波在纹理特征提取方面的性能优于单小波,且Kingsbury方法的性能优于Fernandes的方法。     

多进制Haar与斜Haar小波在纹理分类中的应用

基于Walsh变换和斜变换给出了一种构造多进制Haar小波和多进制斜Haar小波的方法,并利用这些变换特有的快速算法加快了小波分解速度．实验中用该类小波分解图像,然后提取纹理图像的特征量,使用最小距离分类器进行纹理分类并比较了构造出来的各类小波的分类正确率,给出了选择小波基的原则．实验结果表明多进制斜Haar小波滤波器组具有更佳的分类效果．     

基于小波包分解的虹膜图像质量评价算法

在虹膜识别系统中,虹膜图像的质量是影响识别效果的重要因素。为了保证识别的准确性,必须选择满足识别算法需要的图像来进行特征提取和模式识别。在对现有虹膜图像质量评价算法分析的基础上,该文提出了一种新的基于小波包分解的算法,根据虹膜纹理的特点确定小波包的分解方式,选取纹理高频分量分布最集中的子频带作为特征子频带,以其能量作为判别图像质量的准则。对比实验结果表明,该方法可以快速、准确地判断虹膜图像的质量,实现了对图像的实时处理,结果合乎人眼的主观度量,且区分不同质量图像的效果优于其它评价算法。     

基于小波变换的MPSK符号率估计方法

数字调制信号的参数估计是非协作通信的研究重点,符号率估计是信号调制方式识别及正确解调信号的重要参数。小波在时域和频域具有优良的局部化特征,适用于信号瞬时变化特征提取。现有的使用Haar小波的符号率估计算法中都假设码元是矩形脉冲,没有考虑实际通信系统脉冲成形滤波技术的影响。针对上述问题,在带限系统模型下,考虑了脉冲成形滤波技术对信号产生的影响,使用适合带限系统信号瞬时变化特征提取的具有高阶消失矩的Daubechies(dbN)小波,结合FFT算法,提出了一种MPSK符号率估计方法。仿真结果表明,使用该符号率估计方法要比使用Haar小波性能更优越。     

基于小波变换的MPSK符号率估计方法

数字调制信号的参数估计是非协作通信的研究重点,符号率估计是信号调制方式识别及正确解调信号的重要参数.小波在时域和频域具有优良的局部化特征,适用于信号瞬时变化特征提取.现有的使用Haar小波的符号率估计算法中都假设码元是矩形脉冲,没有考虑实际通信系统脉冲成形滤波技术的影响.针对上述问题,在带限系统模型下,考虑了脉冲成形滤波技术对信号产生的影响,使用适合带限系统信号瞬时变化特征提取的具有高阶消失矩的Daubechies(dbN)小波,结合FFT算法,提出了一种MPSK符号率估计方法.仿真结果表明,使用该符号率估计方法要比使用Haar小波性能更优越.     

一种有效抑制睫毛干扰的虹膜定位算法

为了提高在图像质量较差时的虹膜定位性能,改善虹膜定位的成功率和速度,在对Daug-man算法改进的基础上,提出了一种基于形态学算子的虹膜定位算法(ILBM).该算法将睫毛干扰看作虹膜图像中出现的缝隙,通过应用形态学中的膨胀算子对缝隙进行填补进而消除干扰,虹膜边缘参数则采用Hough变换来求取.与Daugman算法相比,ILBM算法可以有效抑制虹膜定位过程中存在的睫毛干扰,提高虹膜定位的速度.对比实验表明,ILBM算法具有比Daugman算法更好的抑制干扰能力和鲁棒性,具有更高的定位成功率和更快的定位速度,定位时间仅为Daugman算法的17%,定位成功率提高了3.7%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-