不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液驱油效果研究

目前大庆油田聚合物驱试验区主要采用清水配制污水稀释聚合物的注入方式,不同水质矿化度能够大幅度影响聚合物溶液的黏度,对于是否可以通过降低污水矿化度提高驱油效果尚未得到统一的认识。通过人造长方岩心恒压驱油实验考察了四种不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液等黏条件下的驱油效果。研究表明,在渗透率为900 m D岩心(岩心规格4.5 cm×4.5 cm×30 cm)中,剪前等黏70 m Pa·s等段塞大小四种不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物体系,高矿化度体系比低矿化度体系提高采收率值增加3.3%;等聚合物用量条件下,高矿化度体系比低矿化度体系提高采收率值降低2.9%;驱油段塞受地层水稀释对驱油效果的影响达1.8%。通过对比分析,明确了不同矿化度水质稀释聚合物溶液对驱油效果影响,可以为现场进一步开展聚合物驱提供参考。     

聚合物溶液的弹性对驱油效率贡献的定量描述

通过可视化微观驱油实验研究不同质量浓度聚合物溶液和不同黏度甘油溶液驱替水驱后各类残余油的驱油效率,对比分析聚合物溶液的弹性对驱油效率的贡献。结果表明:在相同的黏度条件下,聚合物驱对盲端类、膜状类、斑状类和簇类残余油的驱油效率高于甘油驱的驱油效率,其驱油效率的差值是聚合物溶液弹性的贡献;对盲端类、膜状类、斑状类和簇类残余油,随聚合物溶液质量浓度的增加,驱油效率增加,弹性对驱油效率的贡献约为40%。     

用于提高油田采收率的聚合物降解与防护

聚合物驱油是目前工业化应用程度最高的提高采收率三次采油方法，注入溶液的性能指标直接影响聚合物的增油效果，聚合物溶液的降解和防护已引起石油科技工作者的广泛关注。通过大量的室内实验和现场试验对聚合物驱油可能引起的机械降解、化学降解和生物降解进行了详细分析，对如何做好聚合物溶液降解的防护提出了可操作性的措施，在胜利油田应用后取得了预期的聚合物粘度保护效果，这对我国高含水油田聚合物驱油的广泛推广应用具有重要的现实意义。     

聚合物浓度及段塞组合对驱油效果的影响

在模拟大庆油田聚合物驱条件下,室内实验研究了高分子量聚合物的浓度、段塞组合对驱油效果的影响。实验结果表明,在聚合物总用量相同的情况下,随着高分子量聚合物浓度的增大,聚合物驱采收率增大。采用小段塞,并且不断降低聚合物黏度的方案注入时,提高采收率的幅度最大,聚驱采收率可达40.12%,最终采收率达80.48%。     

强碱三元复合驱后多种调驱剂的驱油效果对比

为了优选出强碱三元复合驱后增油效果最好的调驱剂体系,以大庆杏树岗油田储层为研究对象,通过物理模拟驱油实验研究了恒速和恒压条件下的多种调驱剂在强碱三元复合驱后的驱油效果。结果表明,强碱三元复合驱后注入高浓度聚合物溶液、无碱二元复合体系、弱碱三元复合体系、"聚合物凝胶+无碱二元复合体系"组合以及"聚合物凝胶+弱碱三元复合体系"组合都可以进一步提高采收率,其中"聚合物凝胶+弱碱三元复合体系"组合液流转向效果较好,含水率下降幅度较大,采收率增幅也较大。     

污水配制聚合物对提高采收率影响研究

利用纵向非均质人造岩心,进行了聚合物驱提高采收率的物理模拟实验。研究污水配制聚合物溶液对提高采收率的影响。实验结果表明,同浓度下,用污水配制或稀释聚合物溶液,其黏度比清水配制的低,相应的采收率也低。在水型和聚合物浓度相同的条件下,抗盐聚合物驱采收率增幅比普通聚合物高1.3%—2.5%;而且水质越差,差别越明显。说明抗盐聚合物更适用于污水配制聚合物进行驱油。黏度相同而水型不同的聚合物溶液,其注入压力也不同。清水配制并稀释的聚合物溶液具有最低注入压力。     

聚合物段塞交替注入参数优化研究

通过室内物理模拟实验,研究了注入方式对压力梯度的影响。研究表明,交替注入方式的压力梯度在较宽范围内均高于笼统注入方式。表明交替注入时,由压力梯度产生的,促使残余油受力以及变形的力,在较长的受效时间内大于笼统注入方式;同时研究了段塞交替次数和段塞组合方式对驱油效果的影响。实验结果表明:在聚合物用量相同的情况下,随着段塞交替次数的增加,化学驱采收率呈先增大后减小的趋势,最佳交替次数为4次;先注高浓度高分子量段塞组合驱油效果好于低分子量低浓度段塞组合的驱油效果;在聚合物用量不变的情况下,高分子量聚合物和低分子量聚合物交替注入驱油效果优于单独高分子量聚合物的驱油效果;最终优选最佳驱油体系为:主段塞0.1 PV2 g/L(分子量2 500×104),副段塞0.25PV0.5 g/L(分子量700×104),交替4次。     

中低渗油藏化学驱方案优化与矿场对比评述

以某中低渗砂岩油藏P 区块为例,为提高其高采出程度、特高含水阶段油藏采收率,在油藏工程、油藏精细描述及物理模拟研究的基础上,运用三次采油数值模拟技术开展化学驱方案优化设计研究,设计了24 个聚合物驱方案、30 个聚合物/表面活性剂驱方案和33 个三元复合驱方案,用全因素优化方法对注采参数和注入方式进行优化。研究结果表明,主段塞保持相对较高的化学剂浓度和PV 数有利于提高采收率,适量增加高浓度聚合物前置段塞和低浓度聚合物后置段塞有利于保证化学驱的增油效果,优化方案为采用“阶梯四段式”注入方式的聚合物/表面活性剂驱方案,试验区提高采收率11.62%。与已实施的主要化学驱试验相比,油藏条件、聚合物黏度、井网井距及注入量等的差异是产生化学驱开发效果差异的关键因素。     

化学驱油技术在胜利油区的应用研究

胜利油区绝大部分油田的开发都已进入“三高”阶段．利用化学驱技术可以改善和提高这类油田的石油采收率．胜利油区现场应用的化学驱油技术主要是：聚合物驱和三元复合驱（ＳＡＰ）．在决定石油采收率的众多因素中,驱油剂的波及效率和洗油效率是最重要的参数,而聚合物驱和三元复合驱基本满足了这两个参数．经过向部分井中注入聚合物、活性剂、碱的先导试验,选定了用于聚合物驱的水溶性聚合物和三元复合驱的碱、活性剂、聚合物．采用了一泵一井注入流程、一泵对多井远距离定量供液流程、母液配制全过程自动控制技术等．通过在孤东、孤岛等油田的应用,化学驱油技术平均可以提高采收率２０％,从而为化学驱油的进一步推广应用和基础研究奠定了基础．     

超低界面张力体系驱油方式与微观驱油效果

为了探索超低界面张力体系的驱油方式及其微观驱油效果,利用玻璃刻蚀的透明微观仿真孔隙模型,进行了2种模型、4种驱油方式共6个方案的BS13甜菜碱型表面活性剂及其与聚合物复配二元体系的微观驱油室内实验,并采用图像分析技术研究了不同驱油方式及其微观驱油效果.结果表明:在均质和非均质模型中,BS13甜菜碱型超低界面张力活性水都易于在水驱已形成的渗流通道中突进,使驱替效果变差,单纯用超低界面张力活性水段塞进行驱替,不能有效地提高采收率;超低界面张力二元复合体系能够有效地防止其沿水驱形成的渗流通道向前突进,具有较好的驱替效果;欲获得较高的采收率,不仅要尽量降低驱油体系与原油间的界面张力,而且要适当增加驱油体系的黏度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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