双薄壁高墩曲线多跨连续刚构桥自振特性分析

为确定双薄壁高墩曲线多跨连续刚构桥的自振特性,以某双薄壁高墩曲线五跨连续刚构桥为实例,应用ANSYS有限元软件中的Solid 65实体单元和Beam 188梁单元建立该桥空间有限元计算模型,同时利用Midas/Civil建立大桥空间梁单元有限元模型,探讨不同软件、不同单元类型以及预应力张拉对双薄壁高墩曲线多跨连续刚构桥自振频率的影响,分析曲线桥梁结构的平曲线半径对双薄壁高墩曲线连续刚构桥的自振特性的影响,最后按照桥墩等线刚度的原则分析墩高对双薄壁高墩曲线连续刚构桥的自振特性的影响.计算结果表明:曲线连续刚构桥第1阶振动模态一般为纵飘;曲线桥梁结构动力特性及其力学行为的分析,建议选用可考虑翘曲的Beam 188梁单元模型;对于高等级公路中的曲线半径较大的双薄壁高墩曲线连续刚构桥,曲率半径对桥梁的自振特性影响很小;在保持墩线刚度不变的前提下,结构的自振频率随着墩高的增大而减小,可以通过优化墩的纵桥向厚度或双薄壁墩间距改善结构的整体刚度.     

考虑桩土相互作用的连续刚构桥抗震性能分析

为研究大跨径连续刚构桥的静、动力特性及抗震性能,以某(65+110+65)m预应力混凝土连续刚构桥为工程背景,采用MIDAS Civil建立全桥有限元分析模型,计算不同荷载作用下主梁特征截面的剪力、弯矩和应力.结合反应谱法和时程分析法进行地震反应分析,对该桥抗震性能作出评价.结果表明:结构重力和预应力一次效应引起的内力占主要因素,主梁各截面应力均能满足规范要求;第1阶振型表现为主梁纵向漂移,桥墩纵向振动的模态,表明该桥顺桥向刚度较横桥向弱;比较成桥阶段与最长悬臂阶段桥墩关键位置处的地震作用,结构抗震性能需考虑的地震作用方向不同;地震作用下,桥墩强度和变形满足设计规范要求,结构动力特性及抗震性能良好.     

高墩连续刚构桥纵向振动基频的能量法计算公式

为了研究高墩连续刚构桥基频函数表达式,以某一典型桥梁为例,构造了多种不同的桥梁结构形式,建立了64种有限元分析模型,获取了桥梁结构自振特性规律,并提出了桥梁纵向振动的基本振型函数;在此基础上利用瑞利法推导了高墩连续刚构桥纵向振动基频的理论计算公式,最后对此公式的可行性进行了算例验证,讨论了现有抗震规范在此类桥梁结构基频计算上的适用性.结果表明:高墩连续刚构桥第一阶振动以桥墩的纵向振动为主;给出的由能量法得到的基频计算值与有限元模型计算值误差为5％;抗震设计细则中的自振频率计算公式不适用于高墩刚构桥此类非规则桥梁.     

不同曲率下预应力斜墩曲线连续刚构桥施工过程变形分析

桥墩横向变形是曲线连续刚构桥产生径向位移和扭转变形的主要原因,为探究预应力斜墩对曲线连续刚构桥施工过程变形的影响规律,通过矩形斜墩在曲梁偏压和桥墩预应力作用下墩顶横向位移和转角计算公式的理论推导,阐释了预应力斜墩在曲线连续刚构桥悬臂施工过程中变形的主要规律;以实际工程为背景,通过不同曲率半径的曲线连续刚构桥数值模拟分析,研究了曲率半径对该类桥梁各施工荷载作用下空间变形的影响规律.结果表明:斜墩的斜腿构造和预应力对减小曲梁的径向位移和扭转变形作用明显;最大悬臂状态曲梁的径向位移和扭转变形由悬臂根部向悬臂端先增大后减小,且峰值随曲率半径的减小而向桥墩靠近;直线连续刚构桥的径向位移和扭转变形产生于桥墩的横向变形,而曲线连续刚构桥还包含了曲梁自身的径向位移和扭转变形.预应力斜墩曲线连续刚构桥施工过程变形复杂,桥梁施工控制尤其需要关注其径向变形和扭转变形.     

大跨弯连续刚构桥自振频率计算公式

为了研究大跨弯连续刚构桥自振频率变化规律,依据Rayleigh基本理论,推导桥梁自振频率的计算公式,并以某一典型桥梁为依托工程,运用通用软件ANSYS,通过变化结构的曲率半径,建立24种仿真模型,获取了桥梁结构一阶振动频率变化规律;修正自振频率的计算公式,并通过实际工程进行验证公式的适用性。结果表明:连续刚构桥第一阶振动以桥墩的纵向振动为主;计算值与算例验证误差为5%,满足工程需求。     

曲率半径和激励角度对刚构桥地震响应的影响

目的研究曲率半径和地震动激励角度对高墩大跨连续刚构桥地震响应的影响,确定该类桥型的最不利地震激励方向.方法以某跨度为(70+3×127+70)m的公路连续刚构桥为背景进行分析,采用有限元法建立全桥模型,并考虑桩-土相互作用,探讨曲率半径对结构动力特性的影响;采用反应谱法研究地震作用下桥梁结构的内力和位移响应.结果分析结果表明:曲率半径对该类桥的自振特性有较大影响,随着曲率半径的减少,结构的自振频率和整体刚度逐渐降低;在纵桥向激励时,随着曲率半径的增大,桥墩纵桥向的内力及位移均有增大趋势,在横桥向激励时,随着曲率半径的增大,桥墩横桥向的内力及位移变化规律不明显.结论该类桥梁的最不利地震动激励方向并不是纵桥向和横桥向,其最不利地震动激励角度大致为80°和165°.     

不规则刚构桥车致横向振动响应研究

车辆荷载引起不规则刚构桥横向振动,可能影响舒适度,甚至带来结构的安全问题.采用有限元分析方法,运用该桥实测车致横向振动加速度数据作为激励源,研究了不规则刚构桥车致横向振动性能,主要包括箱梁跨中截面,主墩顶、墩底等关键截面位置的位移及弯矩响应.研究结果表明;对于横向刚度相对较小的高墩大跨桥梁结构,车致横向振动不容忽视;对于异高桥墩刚构桥,高墩横向振动响应比低墩剧烈.     

铁路大跨高墩T构桥0号块施工技术

随着国内铁路大跨、高墩特殊结构桥梁的不断涌现,高墩大跨径预应力T型刚构桥由于自身得天独厚的优点尤其被设计者所青睐.宜万铁路马水河大桥双线T构116m+116m跨径在同类型桥梁中居世界之首,该桥主梁0号块结构复杂、体积庞大,高12.2m、长16m,箱梁顶板宽10.7m,底宽6.0m,混凝土圬工量884.7m3.本文论述了0号块施工技术要点,以及C60高强混凝土的配制和防裂,同时介绍了0号块施工难点和注意事项.     

多点非一致激励下高墩连续刚构桥的地震响应

为研究多点非一致激励对高墩连续刚构桥地震响应的影响规律,以某跨径为48 m+96 m+48 m的组合高墩连续刚构桥为算例,建立高墩连续刚构桥的三维有限元数值模型,计算高墩连续刚构桥在纵向随机地震动激励下,考虑视变化的波速以及视波速随地震动频率变化时的多点激励响应分析.研究结果表明:主梁的纵向位移、横向弯矩和轴力响应及桥墩的纵向位移、横向弯矩和纵向剪力响应随着视波速的变化有所不同,与常数视波速100 m.s-1下结构的响应相比,视波速随频率变化情况下的响应量显著增大,1号墩处主梁的纵向位移、横向弯矩和轴力分别增大了2.03、1.39和1.37倍,1号墩、2号墩墩顶的纵向位移、墩底横向弯矩和墩底的纵向剪力均增大约1.37倍.考虑随频率变化的视波速对高墩连续刚构桥的影响是必要的.     

习营钢管混凝土拱桥动力特性分析

基于有限元方法,以ANSYS为平台建立了南阳淅川段习营下承式钢管混凝土拱桥三维有限元模型,采用子空间迭代法求解桥梁的自振频率和振型,并结合桥面振动实测频率,验证了桥梁模型的准确性.计算结果显示,桥梁1阶竖向振动频率的实测值与理论值接近,模型精度较高.拱桥第1阶振型为拱肋横向弯曲,第2、3阶振型均为桥面系竖向弯曲.低阶振型主要以拱肋的横向振动或桥面系的竖向弯曲为主,说明该桥拱肋横向刚度明显小于竖向刚度,桥面系横向刚度远大于竖向刚度,体现了下承式钢管混凝土拱桥的动力性能特征.计算结果为结构性能评估与抗震设计提供了依据.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.