极小四阶限制边连通图

设G是有限简单无向图,k是正整数.使G-S每个分支的阶不小于k的边割S称为G的k阶限制边割.G的四阶限制边连通度λ4(G)是G的四阶限制边割之中最少的边数.若对于任意边e∈E(G),均有λ4(G-e)=λ4(G)-1,则称G是极小四阶限制边连通图.定义ξ4(G)=min {(e)(U):U(∪)V(G),G[U]是四阶连通导出子图},此处(e)(U)表示恰好有一个点在U上的边的数目.若λ4(G)=ξ4(G),则称G是λ4最优的.若每个5阶限制边割都孤立出G的一个5阶连通子图,则称G是超级5阶边连通的.笔者给出:极小四阶限制边连通图若不是λ4最优的,则是3正则,围长为5,任意边都关联5圈,且是超级5阶边连通的图.     

关于(ξ,1)-临界图与上可嵌入性

设G为连通图,且(ξG)=k≥1,若对G中任意边e,有ξ(G\e)=k-1,则称G为(ξ,k)-临界图.利用ξ-1-临界图的上可嵌入性,通过研究ξ-1-临界图的加重边、点扩张、圈扩张的ξ-1-临界性,得到了新的上可嵌入图,从而丰富了上可嵌入图的种类和求法.     

边连通简单图的独立数与上可嵌入性

文章讨论了边连通简单图的独立数与上可嵌入性的关系，得到了下列结果：(1)设G是一个k-边连通简单图(I=1，2)，若口(G)≤k，则G是上可嵌入的；(2)设G是一个3-边连通简单图，若口(G)≤5，则G是上可嵌入的。     

边连通简单图的独立数与上可嵌入性

文章讨论了边连通简单图的独立数与上可嵌入性的关系,得到了下列结果:(1)设G是一个k-边连通简 单图(k=1,2),若α(G)≤k,则G是上可嵌入的;(2)设G是一个3-边连通简单图,若α(G)≤5,则G是上可嵌入 的。     

图是极大3限制边联通的充分条件

设S是连通图G中的一个边子集。若G S不连通且它的每个连通分支的阶至少为k,则称S是G的一个k限制边割。图G的最小k限制边割的边数称为G的k限制边连通度,记为λκ(G)。定义ξκ(G)=min{|［X,X］|:|X|=k,G［X］连通},其中X=V(G)＼X。若λk (G)=ξk(G),则称G是极大k限制边连通的。设G是一个围长至少为5的λ3 连通图。本文证明了若G中不存在5个点u1,u2,v1,v2,v3使得d(ui,vj)≥3(i=1,2;j=1,2,3),则G是极大3限制边连通的。     

k阶限制边连通度最优的一个充分条件

设S是图G的一个边子集,若G-S不连通且每个分支的阶至少为k,则称S为G的一个k-限制边割.若G有k-限制连割,G的最小k-限制边割的边数称为G的k阶限制边连通度,记为λk(G).记ξk(G)=min{|[X,]|∶|X|=k,G|X|连通},若λk(G)=ξk(G),则称G是λK-最优的.证明了若对G中任意一对不相邻的顶点x,y都有d(x) d(y)≥n 2(k-2),且G不是G*k图,则G是λk-最优的.     

λ'-最优无三角图的最小边度充分条件

设S是连通图G的一个边割。若G-S不包含孤立点,则称S是G的一个限制边割。图G的最小限制边割的边数称为G的限制边连通度,记为λ'(G).如果图G的限制边连通度等于其最小度,则称图G是最优限制边连通的,简称λ'-最优的。设G是一个n阶的连通无三角图,且最小度δ(G)≥2.文章证明了,若最小边度ξ(G)≥(n/2-2 )(1+1/δ(G)-1),则G是λ'-最优的。并由此推出,若连通无三角图G的最小度δ(G)≥n/4+1,则G是λ'-最优的。最后给出例子说明这些结果给出的边界都是紧的。     

λ′-最优图的充分条件

设G=(V,E)是一个连通图.边集SE,如果G-S不连通且G-S的每个连通分支至少有2个点,则称S是一个限制性边割.限制性边连通度λ′(G)就是G的最小限制性边割的基数.如果限制性边割存在,则称G是λ′-连通的.如果λ′(G)=ξ(G),则G是λ′-最优或者极大限制性边连通的,其中ξ(G)=min{|[X,Y]|:XV,|X|=2,G[X]连通}.图G的逆度是指R(G)=∑_v∈V 1/d(v).在此基础上,主要得到了:如果G是λ′-连通围长大于等于5的n阶图,且δ(G)≥2,如果R(G)小于某个关于最小度和顶点数的值,则G是λ′-最优的.对于不含钻石的图也得到了类似的结果.     

直径为2与3的符号图的上可嵌入

设Σ=(G,σ)是直径为2和3连通的简单符号图,G是Σ的基础图.若Σ扭转等价Δ_2-图或Δ_3-图,则Σ的Betti亏数ξ(Σ)=2,否则Σ是上可嵌入的,即ξ(Σ)≤1.     

图的边覆盖数、围长和最大亏格

设G为图,用ω(G)和g(G)分别表示图G的边覆盖数和围长.结合图G的边覆盖数和围长等条件,得到了Betti亏数ξ(G)的一个上界,即设G为k-边连通图,则ξ(G)≤{|V(G)|-ω(G)(「)g(G)/2」, k=1,max{1,|V(G)|-ω(G)(k-1)(「)g(G)/2」-1},k=2,3.进而得到最大亏格γM(G)的一个下界.所得结果改进了目前已有的结果.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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